Objective To analyze the difference of prescription dose between ICRU report 83 and Chinese recommendation in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Methods Eighty-four NPC were treated using IMRT technology from Jan 1,2010 to Apr 1,2012.All dose volume histogram of the 84 IMRT plan were analyzed retrospectively.The target volumes of planning gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (PGTVnx) or planning clinical target volume and high risk lymphatic drainage (PCTV1) and doses of D100,D98,D95,D50,D2 and D0 were recorded.The mean,standard error,medial,range,coefficient of variation (CV) of PGTVnx,PCTV1,and D100,D98,D95,D50,D2and D0 were calculated,respectively.The homogeneity index (HI) and deviation between D95 and D50 of PGTVnx and PCTV1 were calculated,respectively.The differentiation of grouping results were analyzed with grouped t-test method.Results The HI of PGTVnx and PCTV1 were 0.118 ± 0.045 and 0.272 ± 0.037,respectively.It is the bigger target volume,the worse HI;and the advanced T stage,the worse HI.Either PGTVnx or PCTV1,D95 were less than D50.The average deviation was-5.15％ and-10.97％,and the actual difference value was (382± 180) cGy (P=0.000) and (741± 140) cGy (P=0.000).Conclusions D550,which is the recommendation prescription dose of PTV in ICRU report 83,could evaluate accurately the IMRT plan with combining D98 and D2· When D50 is used to instand of D95,the prescription dose of PGTVnx and PCTV1 should increase 5％ and 11％,respectively.

Objective:To explore the role of static posturography in the assessment of fatigue due to flight tasks.Methods:Thirtymale college students were asked to perform simulated flight tasks consecutively forfour hours.Meanwhile their statie posturography and tasks performance would be repeatedly measured during the task-load at end of every hour.Based on the changed significantly parameters,the static balance index would be built by principle component analysis.Then its correlation with task-load level would be further analyzed by curve estimation.Results:Static postural control declined significantly under effect of simulated flight tasks.With task load sustaining,static balance index increased significantly and correlated linearly with duration of task load (R2=0.949).Besides,there was quadratic relationship between the change of multi-tasks performance and duration of task load (R2=0.968).And correlation of multi-tasks performance with static standing balance level also had been proved to be quadratic (R2=0.976).Conclusions:Static posturography correlated linearly with flight task-load level,which could reflect fatigue level caused by task load.

Objective To apply Windows presentation foundation (WPF) to rapid access and report printing of medical data.Methods Data access was realized by abstracting database to form data structure through entity framework (EF) and mapping datasheet as attribute.Multipage printing was executed by using Flow Document Scroll Viewer as the container and putting contents into different paragraphs with the block element.Results EF of WPF decreased the frequency of database access by the program greatly,and the reaction speed of the program was increased significantly.Flow document could be used for data printing.Conclusion WPF enhances the efficiency of system development and the beauty of man-machine interface,and thus is worthy promoting for medical system and software development.

Objective To understand the mainstream view of ethnic minorities and Han nationality in Yunnan province on Body donation, understand the present status and possible issues about body donation in Yunnan province, so as to provide reference for Yunnan province on body donation. Methods We conducted questionnaire survey by random sampling. Results Yi,Dai,Han on the body donation knowledge and Donation rate was low,and the Yi, Dai was lower than Han.promoting development of medicineandthat is the continuation of lifebecame the main factors affecting the willing to donate body,there was significant difference between the three ethnic groups ( <0.05) .After death should be laid to rest,family and public pressure,fear of being free to use,religious beliefbecome the main factors affecting the unwilling to donate body, three nations also had significant difference ( <0.05) .Conclusions Most people think that the whole society should pay close attention to body donation, that body donation is a very meaningful thing. Joint effort should be made by both the government and civil society for body donation programs in Yunnan Province.

Objective:To detect the existence of IFNGR in the stellate ganglion in female goats .Methods:The stellate ganglia were taken from female goats .The expression of IFNGR was detected by PCR method and immunohistochemical SP staining .Results:The results showed that:IFNGR immunoreactive substances were distributed in neurons , supporting cells and passing fiber , and mainly in the cytomembrane and nuclei of neurons .The relative expression of IFNGR was very significantly higher than that of non-neuronal cells (P<0.01).The sequence of IFNGR1 gene amplified by PCR method contained 376 bp, and IFNGR1 gene of goats exhibited the highest homology with sheep(98%),followed by cattle(97%).Conclusion:The results suggested that the IFNGR in the Stellate Gan-glion of female goats mainly expressed and located in sympathetic postganglionic neurons which were provided with the conditions for the role of IFN-γ, which implied that the Stellate Ganglion may act as the critical point to concert the immune regulation of IFN -γand neu-roregulation of autonomic nerve on cardiovascular system .

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of biological amniotic membrane for otoscpic repair of traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane. Methods Otoscpic repair was performed on the patients with tympanic membrane perforation which was not healed for 6 months. The efficacy was observed postoperatively. Results The success rate of the procedure was 97.37%, except that one patient was not healing by first intention due to wound infection. Conclusions Biological amniotic membrane is definitely efficacious in the surgical repair of perforation of tympanic membrane. Otoscpic sugical repair is less invassive and has a higher success rate.

Objective To study the effect of infrasound on expression of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and tau pro-tein in hippocampus of rats. Methods Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control group (n=8), 1-day group (n=8), 7-day group (n=8) and 14-day group (n=32), and the 14-day group was subgrouped as 1-hour, 6-hour, 24-hour, 48-hour subgroups, naming after the time after infrasound exposure, 8 in each subgroup. All the test groups were put in an infrasound field with 8 Hz, 130 dB for 2 hours daily, while the control group was put in the infrasound instrument without infrasound exposure for 2 hours daily. The expression of pT286-CaMKII and tau protein in hippocampus was detected with immunohistochemisty, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunoabsor-bent assay. Results The expression of pT286-CaMKII was the most in 14-day group (F>14.912, P<0.001), as well as the expression of tau pro-tein (F>36.229, P<0.001), and secondary in 7-day group (P<0.05). For 14-day group, the expression of tau protein was the most in 1-hour and 6-hour subgroups, and dropped down in 24-hour subgroup, although more than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Exposure of 8 Hz, 130 dB infrasound may induce phosphorylation of CaMKII and tau protein, and the expression of tau protein in hippocampal cells in rat, which may disturb their learning and memory function.

Objective To prepare 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) hydrogel suppositories and to evaluate their photosensitizer transfer efficiencies in rectal tumor tissue.Methods The BALB/c mice implanted SW837 rectal cancer cells subcutaneously were randomly divided into four groups:intrarectal suppository administration group,cutaneous administration group,intratumoral injection group and intravenous injection group.Fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to measure the concentration of protoporphyrin Ⅸ (PpⅨ) and HMME in rectal wall,skin and tumor tissue.The distribution of photosensitizer was determined by a fluorescence spectroscopy system.Results The concentration of PpⅨ in the ALA suppository administration group was 9.76 times (1 h) and 5.80 times (3 h) higher than that in the cutaneous administration group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The maximal penetration depth of ALA in tumor tissue was about 3-6 mm at 2 h after the cutaneous administration.After the HMME suppository administration,the concentration of HMME in the rectal wall was very low.The maximal penetration depth of HMME in tumor tissue was less than 2 mm after the cutaneous administration.Conclusions ALA is more likely to penetrate mucosal barrier compared to skin tissue.The hydrogel suppository based rectal administration is expected to be a new administration method for the rectal cancer photodynamic therapy using ALA.

Objective To explore the killing effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on tumor cells and to analyze the DBD-induced apoptosis mechanism.Methods Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method was used to detect the killing effect of low temperature plasma on the cytotoxicity of normal spleen leukocytes and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (LT-12) at different doses.The changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were measured after plasma treatment.The cell apoptosis rate was detected by Annexin V/PI double staining at different doses.The expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins was detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blot.Results MTT results showed that the killing effect of plasma treatment was dose-dependent and time-dependent.The cell survival rate after 8 hours of treatment decreased from 98％ to 63％ with the dose increasing from 30 s to 240 s.The survival rate decreased from 78％ (2 h) to 39％ (24 h) after the treatment with a same dose (e.g.240 s).Annexin V/PI double staining results demonstrated that the plasma effect can induce apoptosis,and the apoptosis rate was not only positively correlated with the plasma dose,but also with the post-plasma time.The longer the post-plasma time,the higher was the apoptosis rate.The apoptotic rate of the 60 s dose treatment after 12 h was 48％ that increased to 55.3％ with the dose of 120 s.The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected by flow cytometry also showed a time correlation of the plasma treatment.After the plasma treatment,the ROS level immediately increased to 1.24 times,and sharply increased to 5.39 times after 20 h post-plasma.The experimental results of qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of the genes and proteins of Caspase family and Bcl-2 family was very active at 8 to 12 h post-plasma treatment.Conclusions Low-temperature plasma can effectively kill tumor cells,and apoptosis is the main mechanism of death.The molecular mechanism of apoptosis of tumor cells induced by low temperature plasma was preliminary confirmed.

Objective To explore the clinical values of the modified thoracic drainage devices that were applied in treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients who underwent single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Methods Clinical data of 82 primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients who underwent single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic lung wedge resection and pleurodesis from January 1st, 2015 to August 31st, 2016 was analyzed retrospectively. These patients, according to the thoracic drainage devices, were divided into traditional group (Group A, n = 42) or modified group (Group B, n = 40). These statistical data, including duration of thoracic drainage, lengths of hospital stay, duration of using antibiotic, amounts of pleural drainage, scales of pain, and complications of the two groups of patients in postoperative stage, were compared. Results There was no significant differences (P > 0.05) in volumes of thoracic drainage while there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in duration of thoracic drainage, lengths of hospital stay, duration of using antibiotic, scales of pain, and complications in postoperative stage between the two groups. And patients in group B had shorter time of thoracic drainage, hospital stay, and using antibiotic, lower scales of pain and rates of complications when compared with group A. Conclusion There are some clinical values of application of modified thoracic drainage devices in treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax underwent single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, because of it could give the patients fast recovery and made the operations simpler.