Objective To investigate the serum levels of certain vitamins and trace elements in infant and children with pneumonia.Methods Totally 120 pediatric patients with pneumonia who were treated in our hospital were enrolled in the study.Meanwhile,60 age-matched healthy children were randomly selected as the control group.The serum vitamin A level was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography.The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The serum zinc,calcium,magnesium,and iron contents were detected using atomic absorption spectrometry.The differences of serum levels of vitamins and trace elements as well as the ratios of vitamins and trace elements deficiency were compared between these two groups.Results The rates of iron,zinc,and vitamin A deficiencies were 35.36％,37.09％,and 46.59％,respectively,in pediatric patients with pneumonia,which were significantly higher than those in the control group ( 18.76％,x2 =4.32; 20.08％,x2 =4.15 ; 25.08％,x2 =5.81 ; all P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the rates of calcium,magnesium,and vitamin D deficiencies between these two groups ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).The serum zinc [ ( 16.07 ± 3.56) vs.(23.24 ± 4.05) μmol/L,t =15.82,P ＜ 0.05 ],iron [ ( 19.89 ± 4.79) vs.(25.13 ± 5.07 ) μmol/L,t =6.65,P ＜ 0.05 ],and vitamin A levels [ ( 365.76 ±35.37 ) vs.(451.09 ± 32.16) μg/L,t =2.14,P ＜ 0.05 ] in the pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The serum levels of calcium,magnesium,and 25-hydroxy vitamin D showed no significant difference between these two groups ( all P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion Zinc,iron,and/or vitamin A deficiencies are common among infant and children with pneumonia.

ObjectiveTo observe the virological and immunological items in peripheral blood of Chinese-origin Rhesus macaques infected with SIVmac251.The normal levels of WBC and CD4+T cell ratio for healthy Chinese-origin Rhesus macaques that suitable for simian AIDS modeling also investigated.MethodsThirty-six Chinese-origin Rhesus macaques were intravenously infected with SIVmac251.Blood samples were collected at 10 time points respectively include 1 day before SIV infection,every week within 1-8th week and then in tenth week post infection.Blood routine,peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets,plasma viral load were tested.ResultsThe most significant changes of the tested items were appeared in 1 or 2 weeks post SIV infection,while the WBC counts didn't show marked changes in all the time points tested.WBC counts ranged from 4×106/ml to 10×106/ml and the CD4+T cells ratio high than 25％ are the suitable levels for simian AIDS modeling.ConclusionThis research provides necessary and beneficial informations to the usage of Chinese-origin Rhesus macaques in AIDS research.

The application of artificial intelligence is developing rapidly in various fields with the improvement of computing power, big data processing, and diversity of algorithms. It has a great potential value in the field of medical and healthcare, especially in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment. In addition, it can analyze a large amount of data, information, and knowledge instantaneously. Therefore, it serves as a powerful tool for doctors to make the best treatment decisions. Notably, the development of science and technology truly transform into the actual interests of patients. This paper introduces advances in the application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and treatment of cancer through digital pathology, medical imaging, and genomic medicine.

Objective:To investigate the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative hepatectomy.Methods:From November 2009 to June 2011, the clinicopathological and survival data of HCC patients who underwent radical resection at Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Naval Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into T2DM group and non-T2DM group. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of two groups were compared. Chi square test or Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Kaplan-Meier test was used for univariate survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for multivariate survival analysis.Results:A total of 1 691 patients with HCC were enrolled in this study. Among them, 142 patients (8.4%) were complicated with T2DM. The proportion of patients with onset age≥65 years old, the proportion of men, the proportion of patients with hypertension and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase >61 U/L in the T2DM group were higher than those in non-T2DM group (24.6%, 35/142 vs. 10.4%, 161/1 549; 92.3%, 131/142 vs. 85.7%, 1 327/1 549; 43.7%, 62/142 vs. 12.3%, 191/1 549; 58.5%, 83/142 vs. 49.4%, 765/1 549), while the proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis virus infection and α-fetoprotein >20 μg/L in the T2DM group were both lower than those in non-T2DM group (76.1%, 108/142 vs. 92.0%, 1 425/1 549; 47.2%, 67/142 vs. 59.9%, 928/1 549), and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=25.79, 4.75, 100.36, 4.28, 39.01 and 8.66, all P<0.05). The results of univariate survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the postoperative overall survival (OS) rate between T2DM group and non-T2DM group ( χ2=3.02, P=0.082). The results of further subgroup analysis showed that among HCC patients with TNM stage Ⅰ, there was statistically significant difference in the OS rate between T2DM group and non-T2DM group ( χ2=4.53, P=0.033). The OS rates at 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after curative resection of HCC patients in T2DM group were lower than those of patients in non-T2DM group (96.0%, 48/50 vs. 97.6%, 558/572; 78.0%, 39/50 vs. 88.6%, 507/572; 68.0%, 34/50 vs. 79.5%, 455/572). The results of multivariate Cox regression survival analysis demonstrated that T2DM was an independent risk factor for postoperative survival in patients with TNM stage Ⅰ HCC (odds ratio=1.663, 95% confidence interval 1.045 to 2.648, P=0.032). Conclusions:The effect of T2DM on prognosis of patients after radical resection of HCC is associated with TNM stage, and its effect may be limited on the early stage of HCC.

Disorders of the gut flora (GF) affect the level of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and influence the development of the disease. Most of the acupuncture points selected for GAD are based on the principles of local acupuncture points and acupuncture points following the distant channels of the meridians, regarding Baihui (DU 20), Fengchi (GB 20), and Yintang (GV 29) as the main acupuncture points, and the acupuncture points selected for the regulation of GF are Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), and Guanyuan (RN 4) and Zusanli (ST 36). Recently, many studies have been conducted on the mechanism of action of acupuncture in the treatment of GAD from the perspective of GF, but few have investigated the theoretical of acupuncture points used to prevent and treat GAD. This paper discusses the theoretical basis of acupuncture to regulate the "microbiota-gut-brain axis" (MGBA) for the prevention and treatment of GAD, and proposes the method of "regulating the internal organs and calming the mind and relieving anxiety" through analyzing the researches on the regulation of GF and GAD.

Objective:To evaluate the prevention effect of low dose pre-irradiation on irradiation-induced lung injury and its possible mechanism.Methods:Totally 320 6-week-old female C57BL/6j mice were divided into control (0 Gy), low-dose (0.5 Gy), high-dose (20 Gy) and low-dose pre-radiation(0.5 Gy+ 20 Gy)groups by the random number method, with 80 mice in each group. The mice in the low-dose and low-dose pre-irradiation groups were placed in the immobilization device under full consciousness and subjected to 0.5 Gy X-ray whole-body irradiation. 2 weeks later, the 0.5 Gy pre-irradiated mice were anesthetized and subjected to 20 Gy X-rays on chest, as the pre-radiation plus high dose radiation group. The mice in the control group were irradiated with mock irradiation (0 Gy). All mice were terminated at designed time points (24 h, 1 month, 3 months and 5 months) after completion of the irradiation schedule, with 20 mice/group at each time point. Then, lung tissues were taken from mice, and pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson′s trichrome staining. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of mRNAs and proteins of pulmonary fibrosis-related factors.Results:Pathological changes were observed in the lung tissues 1 month after a single high-dose 20 Gy irradiation, mainly including radiation pneumonitis and a small amount of collagen accumulation, which was more serious than low-dose pre-irradiation group, and these pathological changes became more severe when the time after irradiation increased. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of proSP-C and HOPX in the low-dose pre-irradiation group were higher than those in the high-dose group, except for proSP-C protein expression at 3 and 5 months post-irradiation. A more significant change was that the mRNA level of TGF-β1 in the high-dose group was 5.8-13.6 times higher than that in the other groups at 5 months after irradiation, as well as β-catenin mRNA ( t=4.22, 5.11, P<0.05). At the same time, in the early period (24 h and 1 month) post-irradiation, the level of vimentin protein in the low-dose pre-irradiation group was significantly higher than that in the high-dose group ( t=6.54, 4.28, P<0.05). Conclusions:When the mice were pre-irradiated with 0.5 Gy X-rays, an adaptive protective response was induced in lung tissues, resulting in the tolerance to subsequent high dose irradiation.

The disease spectrum of ABCB4 gene mutation involves various diseases such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 （PFIC3）， gallstone disease， intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy， portal hypertension， liver cirrhosis， and even primary hepatic and biliary malignancies. A young male patient was admitted to Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine， Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital， and was initially diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and gallstones， and he was planned to receive laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Preoperative examination showed abnormal liver function， liver cirrhosis， splenomegaly， and mild esophageal varices， and next-generation sequencing was performed to make a confirmed diagnosis of ABCB4 gene mutation-associated liver cirrhosis with gallstones. The liver function of the patient gradually returned to normal after cholagogic treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid capsules.

Dental resin materials have been widely used in the treatment of dental defects. However, the polymerization shrinkage of the resin materials tends to cause microleakage and accumulation of bacterial plaque, which leads to secondary dental caries. Endowing dental resin with antibacterial properties is an important way to solve this problem. Adding antibacterial agents to dental resin is the main method to give it antibacterial properties. Antimicrobial agents are mainly divided into three types: release type, non-release type and mixed type. In terms of antibacterial effects, the selection and addition of antibacterial agents will affect the antibacterial and mechanical properties of dental resin materials; and the long-term antibacterial effect of antimicrobial agents in the oral cavity remains to be verified; as antimicrobial agents or other environmental factors can lead to drug resistance and even dormant persistent bacteria. In recent years, researchers have been committed to improving the antibacterial effect by modifying antibacterial agents. The sustained release of antimicrobial agents via carriers is also the main research direction. This paper reviews the research progress on the antibacterial properties of dental resin materials.

Objective: To comparatively study intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with reference to clinical features and prognosis in Chinese Han population. Methods: 699 cases of HCC and 170 cases of ICC confirmed by surgical pathological files from 2009 to 2010 were included and followed-up. The differences in demographic characteristics, hepatitis B virus infection, clinical characteristics, biochemical indexes, tumor markers and prognosis of HCC and ICC were analyzed retrospectively by means of paired t-test, analysis of variance, chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Among 869 cases of primary liver cancer, HCC and ICC accounted for 80.43% and 19.57%. The old aged (P < 0.001) male incidence of HCC was higher than that of ICC (P < 0.001). The infection rates of hepatitis B virus were 89.84% and 35.88% in HCC and ICC, respectively, and the infection rates of hepatitis B, serum HBsAg postive rate and DNA account in HCC were higher than ICC (P < 0.001). The incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatic schistosomiasis in HCC was also significantly different from that in ICC (both P < 0.01). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between HCC or ICC tumor type and hepatic schistosomiasis (r = -0.018, P < 0.001), and there was a significant positive correlation between HCC and hepatic cirrhosis (r = 0.179, P < 0.001, and r = 0.528, P < 0.001, respectively). However, the proportion of cirrhosis and schistosomiasis in hepatitis B positive ICC cases was not significantly different from that in HCC cases (P > 0.05). Among the biochemical indicators, there were significant differences between HCC and ICC in the abnormal rate of ALT(P < 0.01), AST(P < 0.05), ALP (P < 0.01), GGT (P < 0.01) and TBIL (P < 0.01) while there was no significant difference between ALB and pre-ALB (P > 0.05) in HCC and ICC groups. The content and abnormal rate of alpha-fetoprotein were higher in HCC (P < 0.01), while the content and abnormal rate of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were higher in ICC (P < 0.01). The 10-year survival rate and median survival time (46.92% and 80.3 months) of HCC were higher than those of ICC (12.57% and 12.4 months) (P < 0.01). Conclusion In the study population, compared with ICC cases, the old aged male HCC cases are more common and has higher infection rate of hepatitis B virus and cirrhosis, but liver schistosomiasis is less common. The inflammatory damage, secretion and metabolic function of HCC were different from that of ICC cases, while the synthetic reserve function was similar to that of ICC and the prognosis of HCC cases was significantly better. The incidence of cirrhosis and schistosomiasis in ICC cases with positive hepatitis B virus infection was not significantly different from that of HCC cases.