Anterior disc displacement is a common subtype seen in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. It may cause mandibular movement disorders, such as clicking of joint, intermittent closed lock, limitation of mouth opening, etc. These disorders may affect the life qualities of patients. Anterior disc displacement may also cause mandibular malformations, especially among adolescents, which may affect the growth of condyle, therefore may have a correlation with mandibular retrusion or mandibular deviation when grown up. This paper going to review the influences of anterior disc displacement on oral mandibular function and morphology and their biological mechanisms.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Mandible ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Mandibular Condyle ; growth & development ; Mandibular Diseases ; etiology ; Movement ; Retrognathia ; etiology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; etiology ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders(TMD) symptoms,psychological distress and sleep quality in a population of Chinese university students,and discuss the relationship between psychological distress,sleep quality and TMD symptoms.Methods A total of 898 stomatological university students from 5 Chinese universities(342 males and 556 females with a mean age of 20.5 years) were included in the study.Self-reported TMD symptoms using diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders symptom questionnaire were collected.Depression,anxiety and stress scales-21(DASS-21) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) were used to measure psychological distress and sleep quality.Results 61.9％ (556/898) of the stodents had TMD symptoms.The most common symptoms were pain and clicking of joint,with a prevalence of 42.3％ (380/898) and 34.2％ (307/898),respectively.The prevalence of depression,anxiety,stress and sleep quality among the students who had TMD symptoms was 33.5％(186/556),63.1％(351/556),29.5％(164/556) and 30.2％(243/556),respectively,which was significantly higher than those who had no TMD symptoms(24.3％ [83/342],48.5％ [166/342],21.6％[74/342] and 21.9％[75/342])(P＜0.05).Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that anxiety (OR 1.57,95％CI 1.14-2.15) and female(OR 1.57,95％CI 1.19-2.08) were possible risk indicators for TMD symptoms(P＜0.05).Conclusions Chinese university students reported a high prevalence of TMD symptoms,which may have a correlation with psychological distress symptoms such as anxiety.