Objective To evaluate the results of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for chronic type B aortic dissection.Methods From September 2005 to January 2013,30 patients with chronic type B aortic dissection received TEVAR.All patients were followed for 2-90 months [mean (33 ±25) months].Results All of the procedures finally achieved technical success.However,during TEVAR,there were transient endoleaks in 8 patients including type Ⅰ endoleaks in 3 patients,type Ⅱ endoleaks in 5 patients and persistent endoleaks in 3 patients which are type Ⅳ endoleaks.Type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ endoleaks were successfully managed during the procedures.There was no mortality or major complication during the perioperative period.Three patients died during follow-up:one patient died of carcinoma of the colon and two patients died of the complications of secondary interventions related to aortic dissection.Totally there were seven patients receiving secondary interventions.The Kaplan Meier actuarial survival curve showed a 5-year survival rate of 87.9％ and the 5-year survival rate without secondary intervention was 72.8％.Conclusions Early and midterm results showed that TEVAR was effective in treating chronic type B aortic dissection.

OBJECTIVETo understand the smoking-attributed mortality by inclusion of smoking information into all causes of death surveillance.

METHODSSince 2010, the information about smoking status, smoking history and the number of cigarettes smoked daily had been added in death surveillance system. The measures of training, supervision, check, sampling survey and telephone verifying were taken to increase death reporting rate and reduce data missing rate and underreporting rate. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for smoking-attributed mortality.

RESULTSDuring the study period (2010-2014), the annual death reporting rates ranged from 6.5‰ to 7.0‰. The reporting rates of smoking status, smoking history and the number of cigarettes smoked daily were 95.53%, 98.63% and 98.58%, respectively. Compared with the nonsmokers, the RR of males was 1.38 (1.33-1.43) for all causes of death and 3.07 (2.91-3.24) for lung cancer due to smoking, the RR of females was 1.46 (1.39-1.54) for all causes of death and 4.07 (3.81-4.35) for lung cancer due to smoking, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe study of smoking attributed mortality can be developed with less investment by using the stable and effective all causes of death surveillance system in Tianjin.

Cause of Death ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; mortality ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; mortality

Objective: To understand the distribution of tobacco point-of-purchase(pop) activies 100 meters around the primary and middle school and the situation of selling cigarettes to students of Tianjin. To provide evidence for creating a smoke-free and healthy school environment. Methods: With the method of simple random sampling, 195 schools were selected to investigate the tobacco retailers within 100 meters around the school, and the nearest tobacco retailers was observed. Results: Totally 36.9 percent of the schools found tobacco retailers within 100 meters. There were 127 tobacco retailers, and no tobacco advertisements were found. The percentage of tobacco retailers within 100 meters of vocational schools, primary schools and middle schools was 33.3%, 34.1% and 40.4%, respectively. Among the 72 tobacco retailers observed, the proportion of tobacco retailers within 20, 21-50, and 51-100 meters from the school were 9.7%, 36.1% and 54.2%, respectively. The majority of tobacco retailers were grocery stores/convenience stores (55.6%), followed by alcohol and tobacco stores (34.7%). The proportion of tobacco selling points failing to set up the signs of "smoking harmful to health" and "not selling cigarettes to minors" were 81.9% and 86.1% respectively. Conclusion It’s concerning that the layout of tobacco retailers and the posting of signs, and the tobacco products for to minors in Tianjin. It is necessary to strengthen the surrounding environment renovation and publicity and law enforcement.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of tobacco control in different public places after 10 year implementation of Tobacco Control Regulations in Tianjin, investigate the tobacco exposure and tobacco hazard awareness of local population, and provide evidence for the implementation of tobacco control policies and measures.Methods:Data were collected in the tobacco control surveys in Tianjin in 2012 and 2021. On-site observation was used to evaluate the implementation of tobacco control measures in different public places in Tianjin, and face-to-face interview was used to collect the information about passive smoking exposure and tobacco-related knowledge awareness of local residents aged ≥15 years in Tianjin.Results:From 2012 to 2021, the posting rate of smoking free signs in medical institutions was high (100.0%), the posting rate in schools, government offices increased to 100.0%, but posting rate in taxis decreased obviously. The placing rate of tobacco control materials in medical institutions, public transportation waiting places and internet cafes decreased, while the placing rate in other places increased. Except for taxis, the places where people were found to be smoking decreased. The passive smoking exposure in public places and workplaces decreased from 43.2% to 26.6%. The public awareness that smoking can cause stroke increased by 11.3%, but the public awareness rate of smoking causing heart disease decreased and lung cancer by 7.7% and 7.2% respectively. The awareness rate of passive smoking causing heart disease in adults, lung disease in children and lung cancer in adults decreased by 21.8%, 22.1% and 9.1%, respectively.Conclusion:Since the implementation of the Tobacco Control Regulation in Tianjin, the passive smoking exposures have been reduced, but the environment layout of smoking free places, especially the health education about tobacco hazards, needs to be further improved. It is suggested to strengthen the promotion and supervision of tobacco control to create a smoke free environment.

Objective:Analyze the impact of smoking on the mortality and life expectancy of residents in Tianjin in 2019.Methods:Use mortality case-control study method to collect all cause of death cases of residents in Tianjin in 2019 for analysis. After adjusting for the 5-years-old age group, education level, and marital status, the smoking attributed deaths from different diseases of different genders, smoking attributed deaths in different age groups, and their impact on life expectancy were analyzed.Results:The total number of deaths in 2019 was 75 254, with 42 201 males (56.1%). Among male deaths, 3 215 (9.9%) were attributed to smoking, of which 2 157 (50.2%) lung cancer deaths were attributed to smoking; The risk of lung cancer death among smokers was 3.075 times higher than that of non-smokers (95% CI: 2.812-3.364); Among the 33 053 female deaths (43.9%), 1 396 (5.8%) were caused by smoking, with 744 (29.1%) lung cancer deaths attributed to smoking. The age group with the highest number of deaths attributed to smoking for women was the 75-<80 years old age group, followed by the 70-<75 and 80-<85 years old age groups. The age group with the highest proportion of deaths attributed to smoking for men was the 55-<60 years old age group. In addition, smoking accounts for more than 60% of deaths in the 60-<65, 45-<50, 55-<60, and 65-<70 years old age groups. In 2019, the loss of life expectancy attributed to smoking deaths among all residents in Tianjin was 1.13 years, with a loss of 1.15 years for males and 0.57 years for females. The expected life expectancy excluding deaths caused by smoking was 82.92 years, 80.77 years for males and 84.61 years for females. Conclusions:Smoking remains one of the important risk factors for death among residents. Promoting effective measures to reduce smoking rates is an effective way to increase life expectancy.

Objective: To explore the effects of Yueju pill on Nitricoxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signaling in mouse hippocampus. Methods: Single dose of Yueju pill was administered, and mouse hippocampi were got out after administration for 12 min, 24 min, 30 min, 3 h and 24 h. The concentrations of NO and cGMP were detected by ELISA. Other mice were randomly divided into the following groups: control group (con), L-arg group (L-arg), Yueju pill group (YJ) and L-arg+ Yueju pill group (L-arg+YJ) . Control group was treated with saline, YJ group was treated with Yueju pill (13.5 g·kg-1), and L-arg group was treated with L-arg (750 mg·kg-1) . Tail suspension test (TST) was measured30 min after administration.Results:12 min after YJ administration, the concentration of NO was significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05) and the concentration of c GMP was also significantly lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05) . In the TST test, the immobility time in YJ group was significantly shorter than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01), and the immobility time in L-arg+YJ group was significantly longer than that in YJ group (P ＜ 0.01) . In open field test (OFT), the spontaneous activity of mice were not affected by administering L-arg or YJ. Conclusion: Yueju pill may rapidly alleviate depression-like behaviors of mice through regulating NO concentration, then influencing downstream cGMP and activating the NO-cGMP signaling in cells.

Conventional therapies for hemophilia A (HA) are prophylactic or on-demand intravenous FVIII infusions. However, they are expensive and inconvenient to perform. Thus, better strategies for HA treatment must be developed. In this study, a recombinant FVIII cDNA encoding a human/rat hybrid FVIII with an enhanced procoagulant potential for adeno-associated virus (AAV)-delivered gene therapy was developed. Plasmids containing human FVIII heavy chain (hHC), human light chain (hLC), and rat light chain (rLC) were transfected into cells and hydrodynamically injected into HA mice. Purified AAV viruses were intravenously injected into HA mice at two doses. Results showed that the hHC + rLC protein had a higher activity than the hHC + hLC protein at comparable expression levels. The specific activity of hHC + rLC was about 4- to 8-fold higher than that of their counterparts. Hydrodynamic injection experiments obtained consistent results. Notably, the HA mice undergoing the AAV-delivered hHC + rLC treatment exhibited a visibly higher activity than those treated with hHC + hLC, and the therapeutic effects lasted for up to 40 weeks. In conclusion, the application of the hybrid FVIII (hHC + rLC) via an AAV-delivered gene therapy substantially improved the hemorrhagic diathesis of the HA mice. These data might be of help to the development of optimized FVIII expression cassette for HA gene therapy.
Animals ; Dependovirus/genetics* ; Factor VIII/metabolism* ; Genetic Therapy/methods* ; Hemophilia A/therapy* ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats