BACKGROUND: There are many studies from both domestic and abroad certifying the conclusion that sport exercise can descend state anxiety even though the study outcome is diversified.OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the effects of different exercise intensities on state anxiety and physiologic index of female college students taking different exercise frequencies, in order to take exercise of adequate intensity for descending the state anxiety of female college students.DESIGN: Matched observations, selecting female college students as subjects stochastically. SETTING: Department of Military Sports, China Metrology College. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 60 students from the Management Department and Track and Field Department of Shanghai Physical Culture Institute were selected as the subjects from March 2004 to July 2004. The subjects were categorized into two groups: frequent exercise group and infrequent exercise group according to exercise frequency (3 times per week, above 30 minutes each time), and each group consisted of 30 subjects.METHODS: All subjects were tested on running stage of Swiss-made Monark power bicycle with the time length: 20 minutes, exercise intensity 30%VO2max and 75%VO2max. The exercise intensity of subjects was deter mined by the linear relationship between oxygen uptake and heart rate. The state anxiety of the students was assessed with state-trait anxiety scale which have 40 items in a survey questionnaire of two pages. The state anxiety was mainly evaluated with the state anxiety survey questionnaire of items 1-20 under stress condition, and the human emotional experiences were appraised with the trait anxiety survey questionnaire of items 21-40. Each scale was then rated from 1-4, 1 = almost nothing, 2 = a little, 3 = sometimes, 4= approximately always. The questionnaire were handed out and collected respectively in 3 time intervals (immediate, 5 minutes, 20 minutes), before and after exercise the students' heart rate and blood pres sure were tested with PoLar distance cardiotachometer and HeM-741c oMron electronic blood pressure gauge in the same time intervals before and after exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of the effects of different exercise intensities on the state anxiety of female college students taking exercise of different frequencies. Evaluation on their heart rate and blood pressure.RESULTS: Totally 60 survey questionnaires were handed out and 60 col lected with the collection percentage of 100%. ①Variation of state anxiety under different exercise intensity. In infrequent exercise group,as compared with those prior to the test, the state anxiety of subjects in infrequent exercise are descended remarkably (P ＜ 0.01) in 30%VO2max exercise of the 3 time intervals immediate, 5 minutes and 20 minutes, with the descent amplitude: 9.286, 24.44%; the state anxiety was descended as well in the 75%VO2max exercise of the 3 time intervals, but without remarkable descent amplitude. In frequent exercise group, the state anxiety was descended remarkably (P ＜ 0.01-0.05) in 75%VO2max exercise of the 3 time intervals with the descent amplitude: 5.575, 19.5%; the state anxiety was descended remarkably in 30%VO2max exercise for 20 minutes. ② Assessment on heart rate and blood pressure indexes. In frequent exercise group, heart rate showed temporal elevation immediately after test, and soon resumed to previous level before test;diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remained stable. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) showed temporal elevation immediately after test and SBP showed remarkable descent with the greatest degree in 75%VO2max exercise for 20 minutes. In infrequent exercise group, heart rate and SBP showed descent after elevation. SBP showed descent remarkably in 75% VO2max exercise and 30%VO2max exercise for 20 minutes, and more remarkably in 30%VO2max exercise particularly. DBP showed descent remarkably in aerobic exercise 5 minutes or 20 minutes.CONCLUSION: 75%VO2max aerobic exercise can descend noticeably the state anxiety of female college students in frequent exercise group , and 30%VO2max can eff

CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T- cell (Treg) play essential roles in maintaining self- tolerance, immune homeostasis and cancer immune system. Treg can suppress immune responses against self antigens or non-selfantigens such as tumor antigens. The immunosuppressive functions of Treg are widely acknowledged and have been extensively studied. Recent studies demonstrate the existence of Treg at tumor sites, implying that these Treg may induce antigen-specific and local immune tolerance. This review will discuss the ligands, mechanisms of immune suppression of Treg and its potential roles in cancer therapy.

Objective To investigate the expression of phosphorylated RB (pRB) in the invasion front of papillary thyroid carcinoma and the clinical pathological implications. Methods Immunohistochemistry was ap-plied in analyzing pRB expression feature and the clinical pathological implications in a total of 82 patients who underwent total or subtotal thyroidectomy and neck lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Results The displacement of pRB proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was observed in the invasive front of papil-lary thyroid carcinoma , which was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carci-noma. Conclusion Nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of pRB in the invasive front was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Objecfive To explore pathological mechanism and treatment of central hyponatrem-ia. Methods Synchronous assay was made to detect changes of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),endogenous digitalis-like substance(EDLS),antideuretic hormone (ADH),Na+ concentrations in blood and urine as well as osmotic pressure of plasma and urine in 68 pa-tients with traumatic brain injury(TBI). Results Of all,there were 27 patients with hyponatremia,mostly in patients with severe or critical TBI.There found syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidi-uretic hormone(SIADH)in 7 patients and cerebral salt wasting syndrome(CSWS)in 20. Conclu-sions The central hyponatremia in patients with TBI may be related to the increased secretion of EDLS and ADH.The decrease of ANP and BNP in blood has no direct effect on Na+ concentration in blood.In-travenous injection of extrinsic thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH)may inhibit dilutional hyponatremia resulted from increased secretion of ADH in TBI patients.

Objective To get overview about diarrhea condition of HIV/AIDS cases among paid blood donors in our country. Methods One-to-one questionnaire was adopted to investigate a total of 285 HIV/AIDS cases among paid blood donors in Henan province. Diarrhea HIV/AIDS patients were further picked out according to 'Criteria of HIV/AIDS diarrhea'and their syndrome characteristics were analyzed. Results There was 41 diarrhea HIV/AIDS patients in all 285 HIV/AIDS cases (14.39%). Deficiency Syndrome and mixed insufficiency and excess syndrome were predominant Syndromes in these patients. Conclusion The rate of diarrhea in HIV/AIDS cases among paid blood donors of our country was lower than some foreign countries. Such internal organs as spleen, liver, kidney, stomach and lung were mainly involved in the disease.

Objective To analyze cellular immunological function of cancer patients in order to provide an evidence for immunological treatment to malignant tumors.Methods T lymphocyte subgroups(total T lymphocytes,Th,Ts,Th/Ts and NK)were determined by flow cytometry in 54 patients with lung cancer,42 with gynecologic cancer,44 with gastrointestinal cancer and 30 healthy individuals.Statistical data were analyzed by SPSS.Results T helper lymphocytes covered(29.41?9.24)%,(34.62?10.27)%,and(32.48?11.64)% respectively in lung,gynecologic and gastrointestinal cancer,significantly lower than that of health people(P

Objective Using MR defecography to assess the morphological and functional anorectal anomalies related to female outlet obstruction constipation, and evaluate the joint disease of anterior and mid pelvic. Methods One hundred and seven female patients, aged 20 to 84 years ( average, 55 years), were diagnosed as outlet obstruction constipation based on clinical symptoms and signs. They all received MR defecography in our institution. The high compliance homemade balloon was inserted into rectum to simulate stool Then relevant measurements were obtained during rest, squeezing and straining, respectively. Results In all the 107 cases, 70 ( 65.4% ) presented rectocele on dynamic MRI; 28 ( 26. 2% ) presented anismus;60 (56. 1% ) presented cystocele; 59 presented vaginal or cervical prolapse(55. 1% ); and, 54 (50. 5% )presented descending perineum. In 85 females (79.4%) multiple disorders were detected, involving more than one pelvic compartment. Conclusion MR defecography allowed to accurately evaluate the morphological and functional anorectal anomalies related to female outlet obstruction constipation, and the joint disease of anterior and mid pelvic.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to grade hypervascularized mass lesions in CE MR imaging of the breast by analyzing morphology and dynamic characteristics.MethodsCriteria for the evaluation of breast MR findings were used,including the analysis of shape,margin,internal enhancement characteristics,initialenhancementphase,anddelayedphaseenhancementpattern.Atotalof 188 hypervascularized mass lesions were analyzed,and scores were given from 1 to 10 points and then the mass was classified into one of five categories.Next,the score results and pathology results were used to calculate the ROC curve and to find out the optimal benign and malignant diagnosis points.According to these results,the lesions were classified as benign or malignant.The sensitivity and specificity of this classification system were also calculated.ResultsOut of the 188 hypervascularized mass lesions,91 lesions were confirmed to be malignant by pathologic diagnosis and 97 to be benign.The area under the ROC curve was 0.938 ± 0.016.This curve was used to calculate the optimal point of differentiation diagnosis,and it was found to be a score of 5.The 188 lesions were classified into grade Ⅱ of 24 lesions,grade Ⅲ of 72,grade Ⅳ of 54,and grade Ⅴ of 38.Sensitivity for the detection of malignancy using this classification system was 87.91％ and specificity was 87.62％.If the three cases with false negative results of ductal carcinoma in situ of grade Ⅲ were excluded,the specificity increased to 90.90％.Conclusion The classification based on a multifactorial analysis is very helpful in the objective interpretation of breast CE MRI.

An alternative method based on an off-line solid phase extraction ( SPE ) combined with programmable temperature vaporizer-based ( PTV) large volume injection-gas chromatography-flame ionization detection ( LVI-GC-FID ) was developed. The goal of this study was to determine mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons ( MOSH ) in camellia seed oils. The purification condition of SPE columns with silver impregnated the activated silica gel and activated aluminum oxide was optimized. The optimal SPE cartridge was loaded with 10 g of Ag-activated silica gel per 10 g of activated aluminum oxide. The PTV initial temperature was set at 75℃ for 1 min (split 200:1), and heated from 75℃ to 370℃ at 250℃/min. Then the diverter valve was closed for 1 min and opened again with the split flow ratio changing to 50:1 . The injection volume was 40μL. The calibration curve of paraffin oil was liner in the range of 5-500 mg/kg with correlation coefficient of 0. 998. The detection limit (LOD) and the quantification limit (LOQ) of paraffin oils in hexane were 0. 26 mg/kg and 0. 80 mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries from spiked oil samples were between 93 . 3% and 112 . 7%, with relative standard deviation ( RSD ) of 1 . 8%-5 . 2%, the RSD of intra-day and inter-day were less than 2 . 6% . This procedure was applied to analyze the MOSH in 11 commercial camellia seed oils and the contamination was found to range from 6. 8 mg/kg to 76. 7 mg/kg. The method is simple in operation with high sensitivity, good reproducibility and low cost, and suitable for determination of MOSH in vegetable oils.

Objective To understand the infection of ureaplasma urealyticum in genitourinary of secondary infertility of male and ex-plore the relationship between the genotype of individual ureaplasma species and genitourinary infection of them . Methods Based on the multiple-banded antigen genes (MBA) of ureaplasma urealyticum, 10 pairs of oligonueleotide primers targeting the 5'ends of the MBA genes were designed to identify the MBA genes of U. parvum and U. ureaplasma by PCR-based genotyping system. The 10 pairs of oligonucleotide primers could distinguish the two biovars and 14 serovars of U. ureaplasma. Results A total of 278 (48.6%) positive ureaplasma culture were obtained from 572 patients attending our clinic of reproductive medical eenter. These methods were used to identify and genotype U. ureaplasma in 311 (54.4%) of 572 patients with genitourinary infection among them U. parvum (biovar 1) was detected in 37.1% and U. ureaplasma (biovar 2) in 17.8%. serovar 1 was in 12.4%, serovars3/14 in 17.1% serovar 6 in 7.5%; subtype 1 of biovar 2 was in 5.6%, subtype 2 in 8.9% and subtype 3 in 2.8%, respectively. Conclusion The PCR-based genotyping system will facilitate future stud-ies of relationship between individual Ureaplasma species or subtypes in genitourinary of secondary infertility of male. The methods described here are relatively rapid, practicable, and specific for the detection species identification and subtyping of Ureaplasma species.