OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on enteric nervous injury in rats exposed to malathion.METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were treated with non-load swi mming every other day,three ti mes a week,each one hour,for six weeks.Before exercise,the rats were trea-ted with malathion 100 mg·kg -1·d -1 by oral gavage,six days a week,for six weeks.The activities of seru m acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrocholinesterase(BuChE)were determined.In addition,the s mall intestinal propulsion indexes were measured.Also,the distribution of nerve plexus in ileu m was observed.The i mmunohistoche mical method was used to measure the levels of protein gene-related petide 9.5 (PGP9.5),substance P (SP),and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).RESULTS Co m-pared with normal control,malathion exposure decreased the activities of seru m AChE and BuChE (P<0.01 ),increased the s mall intestinal propulsion indexes (P <0.05).In addition,the levels of PGP9.5 decreased (P<0.05).At the sa me ti me,the levels of SP increased,and the levels of VIP decreased (P<0.05).Aerobic exercise did not change the activites of cholinesterases,but decreased s mall intes-tinal propulsion indexes,increased the levels of PGP9.5,decreased the levels of SP,and increased the levels of VIP.Co mpared with the malathion exposure only,the rats in malathion ad ministration co mbined with aerobic exercise group de monstrated much lower activites of cholinesterase (P <0.01 ),and the s mall intestinal propulsion indexes decreased fro m (89 ±4)% to (79 ±5)%(P <0.01 ).Moreover,the levels of PGP9.5 increased fro m 0.012 ±0.003 to 0.029 ±0.015 (P <0.01 ).At the sa me ti me,the levels of SP decreased fro m0.174 ±0.067 to 0.1 10 ±0.057(P<0.05),and the levels of VIP increased fro m 0.0076 ±0.0029 to 0.01 1 1 ±0.0047 (P <0.05).The levels of above para meters were sa me or close to those of the normal control.CONCLUSION Malathion exposure induced disorders of enteric nervous syste m in rats,and the aerobic exercise abated the toxic response in enteric nervous syste m of malathion exposure rats.However,these effects were not mediated through recovery of cholinesterases inhibition.

Objective To investigate the value of the hippocampal subfield's MRI T2 signal intensity in evaluating the effect of the hydrochloric donepezil for mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods 20 MCI patients with hydrochloric donepezil (treatment group) and 20 patients with placebo (control group) were scanned by MRI using FSE-T2 sequence.The margin of hippocampal subfields was outlined manually for each side to measure the MRI T2 signal intensity.The relationship between hippocampal MRI T2 signal intensity and MMSE scores was analyzed in the treatment group.Results Before the treatment, there was no significant difference of the MRI T2 signal intensity between groups.After the treatment, the MRI T2 signal intensity in the bilateral head of the treatment group was significantly decreased compared with the control group(P<0.05).There was an inverse relationship between the MRI T2 signal intensity of the bilateral hippocampal head and MMSE scores in the treatment group(P<0.05).Conclusion The MRI T2 signal intensity in the bilateral hippocampal head could be regarded as a valuable marker in making clinical diagnosis and evaluating the effect of the treatment for MCI in its early stage.

Treatment of calcaneal fractures has always been the focus of many clinical researchers.The goals of traditional surgical treatment are not only to restore the integrity of calcaneal articular surface but also to reconstruct the anatomy of the calcaneus.More importantly,we need to reduce postoperative soft tissue swelling and incidence of postoperative complications.In recent years,scholars have reported satisfactory clinical efficacy and prognosis resulting from a sinus tarsal approach for treatment of calcaneal fractures.This paper reviews the latest research progress concerning the sinus tarsal approach for treatment of calcaneal fractures at home and abroad,intending to provide helpful information for the clinical surgeons.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism ( PHPT) initially with urinary calculus .Methods The clinical data of 26 patients who diagnosed as PHPT ini-tially with urinary calculus were retrospectively reviewed .Results There were 22 cases with bilateral urinary calculus and 4 cases with unilateral relapsed urinary calculus .Ultrasonography , CT and radionuclide were helpful to determine the location of the neoplasia .24 cases underwent percutaneous nephroscope or ureteroscopy pneu-matic ballistic lithotripsy , 2 cases discharged ureteral calculi by themselves .All patients were performed surgical treatment of PHPT , which was confirmed by intraoperative frozen pathology and postoperative pathological exami -nation.There was great improvement of clinical symptoms after surgical procedures .The preoperative serum calci-um, urine calcium and parathyroid hormone elevated , while serum phosphate decreased .The postoperative indi-cators were just the opposite .The difference had statistical significance ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions Laboratory investigations and imaging studies are very important to diagnose PHPT initially with urinary calculus .The para-thyroid surgery can remarkably reduce the calculus recurrence and improve renal function .

BACKGROUND:Early-onset scoliosis is a kind of disease that seriously affects the growth of children’s spine and development of cardiorespiratory function. The treatment of the disease has always been the focus of many clinical researchers.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the therapy for early-onset scoliosis and explore the spinal fusion, spinal non-fusion, conventional growth rod technology and magnetic control ed growth rod technology of early-onset scoliosis. METHODS:We retrieved PubMed, CENTRAL, EMbase, the ISI Web of Knowledge Databases, VIP, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang Database for related studies published from inception of the database to March 2016. The key words were“scoliosis, growing rod, complications”. The included 54 studies were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For these children of early-onset scoliosis, we should not only maintain the correction of spine deformities, but also protect the ability of spine growth, keeping the normal cardiopulmonary function. In addition to conventional (non-surgical) treatment, there are surgical treatment (such as spinal fusion and growing rod technique) and magnetical y control ed growing rod, a new technology for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. A comprehensive understanding of the effect of surgical treatment on the spine growth and cardiopulmonary function of children with early-onset scoliosis wil help to prevent the occurrence of related complications, so as to obtain a better therapeutic effect.

Objective To explore the added value of T2-signal intensity (T2-SI) in discriminating tumor-infiltration from pure vasogenic edema with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods 55 patients with brain tumors [28 with high-grade glioma (HGG),13 with meningioma,and 14 with metastases] and concurrent peritumoral edema were scanned with DTI.The mean fractional anisotropy (FA),mean diffusivity (MD),longitudinal diffusivity (λ//) and radial diffusivity (λ⊥) in peritumoral edema of different tumors were measured and compared with each other.Results Only the mean FA showed significant difference between edema of HGG and meningioma (P＜0.05).When standardized T2-SI was used as the covariant,FA and λ⊥ showed significant differences among the tumor groups.The adjusted FA in edema of HGG was significantly lower than that of metastases (P＜0.05) and meningioma (P＜ 0.001).The adjusted λ⊥ in edema of HGG was significantly higher than that of meningioma (P＜0.05).Conclusion By controlling the effect of T2-SI,the value of DTI in distinguishing tumor-infiltration from pure vasogenic edema could be improved.

Abstract Child abuse is a global public health problem, which has emerged as a neglected yet pressing issue in global development. Early and accurate identification of abuse at a lower-age group is of great significance for treatment, which might reduce the risk of re-maltreatment and promote children s physical and mental health development. Therefore, by reviewing the clinical characteristics, risk factors and existing abuse identification and screening tools of child abuse, the study aims at providing basic evidence for the development of child abuse risk identification tools and the establishment of child maltreatment system in China, so as to take timely intervention measures to prevent adverse outcomes or reduce their severity.

Objective To compare the safety and effectiveness of drug-eluting balloon (DEB) with paclitaxel and drug eluting stent (DES) in treating in-stent restenosis (ISR).Methods The clinical data of a total of 76 patients with ISR,who were admitted to authors' hospital to receive stem implantation during the period from January 2012 to September 2014,were retrospectively analyzed.According to the therapeutic means,the patients were divided into paclitaxel DEB group (n=32) and paclitaxel DES group (n=44).The general clinical information and coronary artery angiography findings were collected.The patients were followed up for one year;the all-cause mortality,cardiac death,myocardial infarction,in-stent thrombosis,target lesion revascularization,target vessel revascularization,and major adverse cardiac events were documented.Results No obvious difference in the general data of patients existed between group DEB and group DES (P＞0.05).The incidences of left anterior descending artery ISR in DEB group and in DES group were 43.75％ and 47.73％ respectively.The ISR target vessel types of the two groups were quite similar (P＞0.05).No statistically significant differences in ISR type,ISR lesion type and characteristics of in-stent restenosis existed between the two groups (P＞0.05).One-year following-up examinations indicated that no statistically significant differences in all-cause mortality,cardiac death,myocardial infarction,in-stent thrombosis,target lesion revascularization,target vessel revascularization,and major adverse cardiac events existed between the two groups (P＞0.05).Further analysis revealed that no significant difference in event-free survival existed between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion For the treatment of ISR,the use of paclitaxel DEB is safe and feasible,its curative effect is not less than DES.

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum soluble osteoclast-associated receptor(sOSCAR)for cardiovascular adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with acute non-ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction(NSTEMI).Methods From January 2020 to Jan-uary 2022,124 NSTEMI patients admitted to Weifang People's Hospital who underwent PCI were selected as the NSTEMI group,and another 100 healthy volunteers in the same period were selected as the control group.The NSTEMI patients were classified into 31 cases of poor prognosis and 93 cases of good prognosis group ac-cording to whether major adverse cardiovascular events occurred 1 year after PCI.Multivariate Logistic regres-sion model was constructed to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of NSTEMI patients after PCI,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of sOSCAR level on the prognosis of NSTEMI patients after PCI.Results Compared with the control group,serum angiopoietin-2(Ang-2)levels were increased and sOSCAR levels were decreased in the NSTEMI group(P＜0.05).At 1-year follow-up,the incidence of poor prognosis after PCI in 124 NSTEMI patients was 25.00％(31/124).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age and Ang-2 were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis after PCI in patients with NSTEMI(P＜0.05),and elevated left ventricular ejection fraction and elevated sOSCAR were independent protective factors(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of serum Ang-2 and sOSCAR levels combined to predict the prognosis after PCI in NSTEMI patients was 0.865,which was greater than that of serum Ang-2 and sOSCAR levels alone,which were 0.791 and 0.786(P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum sOSCAR level is decreased in patients with NSTEMI and is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients after PCI.Serum sOSCAR combined with Ang-2 has a high predictive value for the poor prognosis of NSTEMI patients after PCI.

Objective:To summarize the clinical diagnosis and treatment process of breast implant associated-anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) in symptomatic patients with textured breast implants in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in order to provide reference for the management of such patients in China.Methods:From January 2019 to September 2021, 23 symptomatic patients with textured breast implants were admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, aged 29-52 years, with an average of 36.2 years. All patients agreed to remove the prosthesis by surgery, and accepted cytology, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical examination of the fluid around the implants and capsule tissue before or during the operation to complete the BIA-ALCL screening process.Results:All 23 patients presented with unilateral periprosthetic fluid accumulation, with fluid volume ranging from 20 to 130 ml, of which 7 cases were combined with periprosthetic contracture. No tumor cells were found in the pathological findings of effusion and the capsule tissue, and the BIA-ALCL pathologic screening results (CD 30 and ALK) were all negative. No bleeding, infection, wound dehiscence and other complications occurred after the operation.Conclusions:A personalized clinical process should be developed for symptomatic patients with textured breast implants. Attention should be paid to imaging and pathological examinations.