The tip of the external ear of the rabbit was cut off with one pair of unsterilizedscissors. The newly formed epidermal cells at the site of the wound were examined atdifferent stages during the healing process with ordinary, special and vital staining methods.It was found that in the neighborhood of the growing epidermis, various kinds of connectivetissue elements, including leucocytes, collagenous fibers, macrophages, cartilages, etc., werebroken up into structureless debris of different sizes and forms. These debris graduallytransformed into newly formed naked nuclei, connecting with the previously formedepidermal cells, and these newly formed naked nuclei progressively developed into newlyformed epidermal cells. There was no evidence of mitotic division among the newly formed epidermis butit may be found in the previously formed region. The possibility of the identity of theseconnective tissue debris with the so-called "the living substance" and their transformationinto newly formed cells was discussed.

Sixty-two adult rats were employed, 8 of them served as controls and the remainderwere exposed to whole body X-irradiation in a single dose of 500 r. The animals weresacrificed at intervals of 2, 6, 12 hours and 1, 3, 6, 10, 20, 30 days after irradiation.Specimens of the spleen were obtained from both the experimental and control groups forhistological and histochemical examinations. The data indicate that: 1. A marked decrease in the spleen size and in the number of its Malpighian cor-puscles, and a severe destruction of its architecture with an extensive necrosis of lympho-cytes, occurred within 24 hours after irradiation. Regeneration began on the 6th day andthe spleen became almost normal at the end of the 30th day. Among the various cell-types of the spleen, the radiosensitivity was highest in the lymphocytes and lowest in theplasma cells. The reticular cells were apparently injured during the early stage afterirradiation, though they belonged to the radioresistant series. 2. The decrease in staining intensity of both desoxyribose-and ribose nucleic acidsof the spleen started as early as 2 hours after irradiation and continued to reach itsmaximum in a period of 1--3 days. This result was produced not only by the depletionin cell population, but also by the decrease in nucleic acid content of individual cells. 3. A marked increase in the activity of nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and ade-nosine triphosphatase occurred within 24 hours and it returned gradually to normal fromthe 3rd day to the 10th day after irradiation. 4. There was no significant change in the amount of protein-bound SH-groups ofvarious cell-types of the spleen in each post-irradiation period. 5. No difference was found in the changes produced by irradiation between theanimals fed with normal diet and those fed with phospholipides in addition.

Objective:To explore the effects of body mass index (BMI) and gender on primary lung cancer 18F-FDG uptake param-eters, standardized uptake value (SUV), and standard uptake value of lean body mass (SUL). Methods:Data of 50 patients with prima-ry lung cancer confirmed by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively analyzed. AW4.6 workstation was employed to measure the SUVmean and SUVmax. Meanwhile, PETVCAR (PET Volume Computed Assisted Reading, GE Healthcare) software was used to automatically measure the SULmean, SULmax, and SULpeak. The SUVmean, SUV-max, SULmean, and SULmax of the liver (central region of the right lobe) were also measured automatically by PETVCAR. Afterward, T/N ratios (lesion SUVmax/liver SUVmean, lesion SULmax/liver SULmean, and lesion SULpeak/liver SULmean) of the lung cancer lesions were calculated. Correlations of the 18F-FDG metabolic parameters with BMI and gender of the patients were analyzed. Results:Liver SUVmean and SUVmax demonstrated significant positive correlations with BMI in all the patients (γ=0.38 and 0.36, P<0.05), and the SUVmean and SUVmax were positively correlated with BMI in male and female groups (γ=0.47 and 0.44, P<0.05), respective-ly. By contrast, no correlation existed between the liver SULmean and SULmax and BMI (P>0.05). No significant correlation was not-ed between the SUVmean, SUVmax, SULmean, SULmax, and SULpeak of the lung cancer lesions and BMI (P>0.05). The correlation trend is the same as that in different gender groups. Only the SUVmax T/N ratio of the lung cancer lesions showed a significant nega-tive correlation with BMI (γ=?0.29, P<0.05). The T/N ratios did not correlate with BMI in the different gender groups (P>0.05). Con-clusion:Patient BMI and gender mainly affect SUV values, particularly SUVmax, by contrast, patient BMI and gender did not signifi-cantly influence SUL and T/N ratio (SUL). Hence, SUL can be more suitable to quantitatively analyze and assess treatment response ob-jectively. This result will be helpful to the clinical application and promotion of PERCIST, which evaluates treatment response mainly by SUL.

Objective To explore the reason of colon cancer with appendicitis and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis. Methods We car-ried out analysis retrospectively to analyze 1 094 hospitalized patients with colon cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical Uni-versity from January 2006 to March 2013. Results Among 1 094 colon cancer patients,31 patients who firstly diagnosed with acute appendi-citis received appendectomy,1 patient with appendiceal abscess received non-surgical treatment. Among 31 patients with acute appendicitis,6 patients were found to be with ileocecal tumors during surgeries;24 patients were diagnosed with colon cancer within one year;incision of 1 patient did not heal, with continuous drainage of brown liquid;the appendicitis of 1 patient who received non-surgical treatment was recur-rent. Conclusion As lack of typical symptoms,colon cancer is prone to misdiagnose and diagnose incorrectly when the cancer co-exists with appendicitis and symptoms of appendicitis were showed firstly. Therefore,clinicians should be vigilant for patients with appendicitis. In order to induce the rate of misdiagnosis,it is essential that requesting disease history carefully,timely and relevant inspection and appropriate ex-ploratory surgery for the patients with appendicitis.

Background Major depressive disorder and insomnia often coexist,and the two may share a mechanism of pathogenesis and be affected by common underlying genes with strong pleiotropic effects.Previous genome-wide association studies(GWAS)mainly focused on single-gene morphological characters analysis,which impose limitations on showing possible pleiotropic effects.Objective To identify genetic loci related to insomnia and major depressive disorder,and to examine whether there are common genetic factors underlying both insomnia and depression.Methods The GWAS data for major depressive disorder originates from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium(PGC),which comprises a total of 246363 depressive cases and 561190 controls.The insomnia GWAS data was downloaded from Sleep Disorder Knowledge Portal,involving 1331010 participants.Then the conditional false discovery rate(cFDR)and conjunction cFDR(ccFDR)were utilized to identify the genetic loci associated with major depressive disorder and insomnia,and pathway enrichment analysis was performed to examine the biological functions of these loci.Results A significant pleiotropic effect was detected between major depressive disorder and insomnia.By leveraging pleiotropic enrichment,21 susceptibility loci(17 novel loci)for major depressive disorder and 38 susceptibility loci(28 novel loci)for insomnia were identified with the threshold of cFDR<0.01.A total of 16 pleiotropic loci(15 novel loci)related to both major depressive disorder and insomnia were identified with the threshold of ccFDR<0.05.pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the susceptibility loci were mainly enriched in synaptic transmission pathway,such as postsynaptic density(GO:0014069,P=4.91E-04,FDR=4.84E-03),asymmetric synapse(GO:0032279,P=5.09E-04,FDR=4.84E-03),and regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels(GO:0099072,P=5.11E-04,FDR=1.69E-02).Conclusion A significant pleiotropic enrichment is found between major depressive disorder and insomnia,and the comorbidity mechanism is related to synaptic transmission.

Robots are being more and more used in surgery. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound is newly used in tumor treatment and it is non invasive. In this paper, we introduced a Robot integrated HIFU surgery system and its general flow. Also introduced is an 8 DOF surgical platform, its design, its mechanism and its kinematic analysis. In the end, we give out two spatial working areas individually. Each is the combination of 5 dimensional motions. Compared with other platforms available, this surgery platform is more flexible and accurate and its treatment area is larger. All these advantages make the treatment design easier.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Neoplasms ; surgery ; Robotics ; instrumentation ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods

Objective To investigate the effect of Chinese herbal compound"Jisuikang"on the phagocyto-sis of neuronal debris by microglial cells. Methods To prepare serum containing drugs of JSK and divide them into the low,middle and high dose groups,the blank serum group and LPS+blank serum group. BV2 was labeled by lentiviral vectors containing the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP). To establish the damage neuron model and mix injured neurons with the transfected microglia. To observe the situation of microglia which was affected by serum containing drugs devour the neuronal debris. Results The middle and high dose of JSK showed greater phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index than those of the control group(P<0.001). In comparison of LPS+blank serum group,no significant difference was found in the middle and high dose of JSK. However,to the phagocytic index, which was better than that of LPS+blank serum group(P<0.05). Conclusion JSK may enhance the engulfment of neuron debris by BV2,which could provide a better living environment for the growth of neurons.

Objective: To observe the effects of 8 week inspiratory muscle training on lung function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise performance, body composition and lipid metabolism in obese college students, and to provide a reference for optimizing rehabilitation plan for obese patients. Methods: A total of 58 obese college students were randomly divided into experimental group(n=28) and control group(n=30). The experimental group received inspiratory muscle training with 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure(P Imax), 3 times a week for a total of 8 weeks. Except for the intensity set to 5% P Imax, other parameters in the control group were the same as those in the experimental group. Lung function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise performance, body composition and blood lipids were measured before and after intervention. Results: The completion rates of the training program (adherence) in the experimental group and the control group were 98.0% and 99.2%, respectively. No serious adverse events occurred during intervention. After intervention, P Imax and 6 minute walk test (6MWT) distance increased (t=-7.44, -4.11, P<0.05), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate decreased after 6MWT (t=2.13, 2.63, P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in lung function, body composition and blood lipid level in the experimental group (P>0.05). There was no significant change in the above indexes in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Eight week inspiratory muscle training can effectively improve inspiratory muscle strength and exercise performance in obese college students, whereas it had no effects on expiratory muscle strength, lung function, body composition and blood lipid profiles.

BACKGROUND:Acute myocardial infarction can cause cardiac remodeling and heart failure,as well as skeletal myopathy,affecting patients'quality of life.Exercise therapy is an important rehabilitation method for patients with heart failure;however,the optimal exercise prescription has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of different exercise modes(aerobic exercise,resistance exercise)on skeletal muscle remodeling in rats with acute myocardial infarction induced heart failure and to explore the possible mechanism,so as to provide a basis for optimizing the exercise rehabilitation program. METHODS:Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,myocardial infarction group,aerobic exercise group and resistance exercise group.Coronary artery ligation was used to create model of heart failure.After 3 months,animals in the aerobic exercise group and resistance exercise group underwent 12 weeks of corresponding exercise mode interventions,while those in the sham operation group and myocardial infarction group were kept quietly in mouse cages.After the experiment,maximal running speed and maximal weight-bearing load were measured by graded treadmill exercise test and ladder-climbing test respectively,and heart structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography.The heart was isolated,and hematoxylin-eosin staining and Sirius red staining were performed to detect cardiac remodeling.For the gstrocnemius muscle,ATPase staining was performed to observe changes in muscle fiber type and cell cross-sectional area,dihydroethidium method was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species levels,enzyme-linked immunosorbent method was used to determine malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activity,western blot was used to determine the expression of ubiquitin-proteasome system proteins,and the number of activated satellite cells(Pax7+/MyoD+)were detected by double immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Exercise performance:Compared with the sham operation group,maximal running speed and maximal weight-bearing load in the myocardial infarction group decreased(P<0.05);compared with the myocardial infarction group,the maximal running speed of the aerobic exercise group and the maximal weight-bearing load of the resistance exercise group increased(P<0.05).(2)Cardiac remodeling:Compared with the sham operation group,infarction area,myocardial cell cross-sectional area,and collagen content in the myocardial infarction group increased(P<0.05),while leftventricular ejection fraction and shortening fraction decreased(P<0.05);compared with the myocardial infarction group,there was no statistical difference in the above parameters in both aerobic exercise resistance exercise groups(P>0.05).(3)Skeletal muscle remodeling:Compared with the sham operation group,gastrocnemius muscle mass,gastrocnemius muscle mass index,cell cross-sectional area,superoxide dismutase activity,glutathione peroxidase activity,and the number of activated satellite cells decreased in myocardial infarction group(P<0.05),while reactive oxygen species content,malondialdehyde content,and the protein expression of ubiquitin,MuRF1 and MAFbx increased(P<0.05);compared with the myocardial infarction group,gastrocnemius muscle mass index,superoxide dismutase activity,the number of activated satellite cells increased in both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise groups(P<0.05),while reactive oxygen species content and the protein expression of ubiquitin,MuRF1,and MAFbx decreased(P<0.05);compared with the aerobic exercise group,gastrocnemius muscle mass,gastrocnemius muscle mass index,cell cross-sectional area,reactive oxygen species content,malondialdehyde content,the number of activated satellite cells increased in resistance exercise group(P<0.05),while superoxide dismutase activity,glutathione peroxidase activity down-regulated(P<0.05).To conclude,aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can both improve exercise performance of rats with heart failure,and the mechanism is related to reducing oxidative stress,inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome system activity and activating satellite cells to improve skeletal muscle remodeling.Aerobic exercise has a better effect on improving skeletal muscle oxidative stress,while resistance exercise has a more significant effect on promoting skeletal muscle regeneration.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of RhoA in regulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion level in breast cancer cells and in the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxia.

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the effect of V14RhoA plasmid transfection-induced RhoA activation and RhoA knockdown on VEGF secretion level in breast cancer MCF-7 cells under hypoxic condition. A MCF-7/HUVEC co-culture model was established to assess the effect of the changes in RhoA expressions in MCF-7 cells on HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation under hypoxia.

RESULTSUnder hypoxic condition, RhoA activation promoted VEGF secretion in MCF-7 cells, and RhoA knockdown inhibited VEGF secretion. In the co-culture model, RhoA activation in the MCF-7 cells enhanced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and RhoA knockdown inhibited these changes.

CONCLUSIONUnder hypoxic condition, RhoA indirectly influences HUVECs to affect tumor angiogenesis by regulating VEGF level in breast cancer cells.

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; secretion ; Humans ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; secretion ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein ; metabolism