Objective To study the prevalence and subtype of hemorrhagic transformation (HT ) among patients with different subtypes of acute cerebral infarction ,and investigate its clinical significance .Methods 977 patients with acute cerebral infarction from January 2008 to December 2011 were divided into groups according to the stroke subtypes :large-artery atherosclerosis(LAA) , cardioembolism(CE) ,small-artery occlusion(SAO) ,undetermined cause(UND) ,and other determined cause(OC) .HT included hemorrhagic infarction (HI) and parenchymal hematoma (PH) .The baseline data were registered and the prevalence and subtype of HT between different groups were compared .Results The rates of hypertension were the highest in LAA ,The rate of diabetes was the highest in SAO ,The rate of atrial fibrillation was the highest in CE .The rates of hyperlipidemia had no significant difference a-mong different subtypes of CI .The HT incidence of LAA ,CE ,SAO ,OC ,UND were 12 .8% ,31 .1% ,6 .6% ,4 .5% ,5 .5% respec-tively ,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =61 ,P<0 .01) .As to the subtype of HT ,PH was more common in CE group (χ2 =31 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Distribution of risk factors ,HT prevalence and classification are different in different subtypes of acute cerebral infarction ,the differences might be related to the distribution of different risk factors .

BACKGROUND:Shape memory polymer is a new type of functional material. The applications of shape memory polymers in the biomedical field have increasingly been paid close attention. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics and applications of shape memory polymers. METHODS: SpringerLink and China Journal Ful text Database were searched for articles related to shape memory polymers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As a new type of inteligence material, shape memory polymers have lots of advantages compared with shape memory aloy and shape memory ceramics, such as low density, light weight, low cost, high shape-recovery rate, easy to regulate the shape memory temperature, to dye, to shape and to be stimulated under expected switch temperature. Especialy for polyurethane, the structure-property relationships are extremely easy to control, the shape memory temperature can be set in a wide range from-30℃ to 70℃, and it has the biocompatibility. Due to these, shape memory polymers have great potentials in applications of biomedical engineering. But the comprehensive properties of the developed shape memory polymers are not satisfactory. For example, the polynorbornene has big recovery stress, fast recovery velocity and high recovery precision, but its relative molecular mass is very big, the molecularchain is long, and processing is difficult. Furthermore, most of shape memory polymers have smal recovery stress, slow recovery velocity, low recovery precision and unsatisfied repeat memory effect. The key problems for shape memory polymers include optimization of the function of shape memory and improvement of the comprehensive properties based on the technologies of molecular design and material modification.

Objective To analyze the levels and clinical significances of IL-18,Caspase-3 and nerve tissue-specific protein S-100B at different disease extent and different stages of infants with hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods This study was clinical experimental studies.Sixty-seven infants with HIE (23 cases of mild HIE,23 cases of moderate HIE,21 cases of severe HIE) from February 2008 to June 2009 in Hebei Children's Hospital were enrolled.The levels of IL-18,Caspase-3 and S-100B protein in all samples were measured at acute phase (1 d,3 d) and recovery phase (7 d) by ELISA method.Twenty healthy full-term neonates were selected as the normal control group.Multi-factor analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test was used for statistical analysis.Results The levels of the three indicators in the moderate and severe group were higher than the normal control group.In the moderate group,IL-18 levels were(132.15 ± 9.87),(150.31 ± 15.04) and (87.91 ± 9.93) ng/L,Caspase-3 levels were (5.79 ±0.64),(7.36 ± 1.57)and (3.79 ±0.61) μg/L,S-100B levels were(6.82 ±0.61),(9.62 ± 1.29) and (10.76 ± 1.64) μg/L.In the severe group,IL-18 levels were (160.23 ± 16.03),(189.86 ± 18.32) and (107.35 ± 13.02) ng/L;Caspase-3 levels were (6.86 ± 1.02),(9.54 ± 1.43) and (5.25 ± 0.71) μg/L;S-100B levels were(8.90 ± 0.32),(12.54 ± 0.89)and(13.53 ± 0.75) μg/L.In the normal control group,IL-18 levels were (71.08 ± 11.52),(72.53 ± 11.05) and (71.93 ± 11.30) ng/L; Caspase-3 levels were (2.84 ± 0.52),(2.98 ± 0.53) and (2.87 ± 0.52) μg/L; S-100B levels were (1.50 ± 0.25),(1.62 ±0.30)and(1.53 ±0.29) μg/L IL-18 levels,Caspase-3 levels and S-100B levels in severe group were higher than the moderate group and the mild group were higher than the mild group.IL-18 levels were (73.46 ± 4.77),(77.59 ± 4.02) and (72.87 ± 6.92) ng/L ; Caspase-3 levels were (3.13 ± 0.31),(3.63±0.40) and (3.26 ±0.45) μg/L;S-100B levels were(3.68 ±0.40),(5.851 ±0.63) and(6.95 ± 0.58) μg/L in the mild group.S-100B levels in the mild group were higher than that in the normal control group.The IL-18 and Caspase-3 levels were risen in the third day to the first day in the acute phase of the moderate group and severe group,decreased in the recovery phase.Serum S-100B protein levels in the acute and recovery phase increased gradually,and there was no correlation between the three indicators (r-=0.321,0.14,0.48,P=0.438,0.974,0.911 respectively).Conclusions IL-18,Caspase-3 and S-100Bwere involved in the pathophysiological process of HIE.The levels were closely related to the severity and disease progression of HIE,the severer of the illness,and the higher of the levels.Dynamic monitoring the changes of the three indicators may contribute to an early diagnosis,condition monitoring and prognosis of HIE.

Objective To observe the effect of aspirin on phtelets activation markers in patients with coronary heart disease and set up a diagnostic criteria of aspirin resistance.To preliminarily predict the incidence of aspirin resistance in hospital patients.Methods The subjects were divided into 3 groups:aspirin group(103 cases),control group(24 eases),and healthy control group(23 cases).Using whole blood samples,we detected the ratio of CD62P,PAC-1 expression by flow cytometry(FCM)before and after 7-day treatment and compared the changes of CD62P and PAC-1 expression ratio,then calculated the inhibition ratio of platelets glycoprotein,set up the diagnostic criteria of aspirin resistance with receiver operator characteristic curve(SOC)and calculate the incidenee of aspirin resistance in hospital patients.Results The statisticsl reaults are listed as below:in asptirin group,before treatment CD62P(10.16±6.80)%,PAC-1(14.66±10.56)%,and after treatment CD62P(5.70±4.28)%,PAC-1(8.93±7.08)%,P＜0.01.In control group,before treatment CD62P(9.14±6.52)%,PAC-1(17.67±11.53)%,and after treatment CD62P(7.81±5.72)%,PAG-1(14.97±8.05)%,P＜0.05.According to ROC,the inhibition ratio of CD62P＜21.5% or PAG-1＜17.7% was individually set up asdiagnostic criteria of AR.Our study indicate that the incidence of aspirin resistance in hospital CHD patients is 17.5%.Conclusion There exists platelet activation in CHD patients.CD62P and PAC-1 could be considered as the sensitive index of platelet activation and used in the evaluation of anti-platelet therapy.Aspirin can decrease the expression of CD62P and PAC-1,and inhibit the activation of platelet.According to this study,aspirin resistance really exists in CHD patients.By FCM,the diagnostic criteria of aspirin resistance in CHD is the inhibition ratio of CD62P＜21.5% or PAC-1 ＜17,7% due to aspirin.The incidence of aspirin resistance in hospital CHD patients is 17.5%.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but it is not tolerated well by all patients. In China, some studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicinal herbs (TCMHs) may increase efficacy and reduce toxicity when combined with EGFR-TKI, but outside of China few studies of this kind have been attempted.

Objective To type Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae) isolated from children, and provide scientific basis for the correct selection of S.pneumoniae vaccine.Methods 182 strains of S.pneumoniae were collected from Children's Hospital of Hebei Province in 2014, species of strains were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), types of strains were analyzed with multiplex PCR.Results PCR detection showed that cpsA gene amplification of 182 strains were all positive;multiplex PCR detection revealed that except 8 strains were not typed, the main types of the remaining 174 strains were 19 F (n=68, 37.36%), 19A(n=33, 18.13%), and 6A/6B (n=26,14.28%), the other types were 35B, 14, 6C/6D, 23F, 15B/15C, and so on.Conclusion The main types of 182 strains of S.pneumoniae are 19 F, 19A, and 6A/6B, which provide scientific basis for the correct selection of S.pneumoniae vaccine for this province.

Objective To investigate the effect of Chinese herbal compound"Jisuikang"on the phagocyto-sis of neuronal debris by microglial cells. Methods To prepare serum containing drugs of JSK and divide them into the low,middle and high dose groups,the blank serum group and LPS+blank serum group. BV2 was labeled by lentiviral vectors containing the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP). To establish the damage neuron model and mix injured neurons with the transfected microglia. To observe the situation of microglia which was affected by serum containing drugs devour the neuronal debris. Results The middle and high dose of JSK showed greater phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index than those of the control group(P<0.001). In comparison of LPS+blank serum group,no significant difference was found in the middle and high dose of JSK. However,to the phagocytic index, which was better than that of LPS+blank serum group(P<0.05). Conclusion JSK may enhance the engulfment of neuron debris by BV2,which could provide a better living environment for the growth of neurons.

OBJECTIVETo research the isolation method, identification and screen for bioactivities endophytic fungi from ginkgo.

METHODEndophytic fungi from ginkgo were separated. By means of microdilution method, activities of endophytes against pathogenic fungi were tested. Then, using DPPH, the antioxidant activities were measured.

RESULTNine strains (16.1%) showed antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus fumigatus. Among these bioactive strains, the growth of T. rubrum was strongly inhibited by T-1-2-1, as the MIC80 was equal to fluconazole, the positive control. Five strains (8.9%) showed antioxidant activities. Among them sample T-3-2-2 and T-6-5-7 showed the strongest antioxidant activities.

CONCLUSIONEndophytic fungi of ginkgo would be potential and rich resources for drug development.

Antifungal Agents ; pharmacology ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; drug effects ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; drug effects ; Fluconazole ; pharmacology ; Fungi ; chemistry ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Ginkgo biloba ; microbiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Trichophyton ; drug effects

Objective:To screen the neutralizing epitope of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and determine the specific minimum amino acid sequence that triggers immunity for providing a theoretical basis for the development of synthetic peptide vaccines.Methods:EV71 neutralizing antibody-specific binding clones were panned and sequenced using a phage display random 12-peptide library to obtain the key sequences of neutralizing epitopes. A series of peptides containing the key sequences with N-terminal acetylation (AC) and C-terminal linking to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were synthesized. Serum samples were collected after immunizing mice with the modified peptides. Then the immunogenicity of the peptides and the neutralizing activity of serum samples were analyzed by Western blot, ELISA and neutralization test.Results:After three rounds of panning, cloning and sequencing, KQEKDL was identified as the key motif. The serum samples collected from the mice immunized with the modified series of peptides containing key motifs had different degrees of binding ability to EV71 and VP1 protein. The serum samples of mice immunized the synthetic peptide containing only the minimum key motif (AC-KQEKDL-KLH) had the strongest response to the other three peptides and EV71 and the highest neutralizing titer.Conclusions:The EV71 neutralizing epitope was successfully screened using the phage display random peptide library. The key motif of KQEKDL might be the specific minimum amino acid sequence that triggered the immune system. This study provides a theoretical basis for better understanding the immune response mechanism, evaluating the immunogenicity of the antigens and further research and development of polypeptide vaccines.

Objective To investigate the iodine intake level and the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Harbin City,and to study the correlation between the concentration of urinary iodine and the prevalence of thyroid nodules.Methods In Harbin,18 communities were randomly selected and specimens were collected from fasting morning urine from 2015 to 2017.The urine iodine concentration (UIC) was detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry,and the thyroid nodule was examined by B ultrasound.Results A total of 2 552 residents aged (45.79 ± 12.06) years old agreed to participate in the study,including 371 males and 2 181 females.The median UIC in all participants was 159.8 μg/L,there was a significant difference in urine iodine frequency distribution among age groups (x2 =40.097,P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,the median UIC in male was 166.6 μg/L,and in female was 156.2 μg/L.There was a significant difference in UICs between male and female (U =2.122,P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence of total thyroid nodules in all participants was 48.75％ (1 244/2 552),and the standardized rate was 40.55％.Significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid nodules was observed among age groups (x2 =114.922,P ＜ 0.01),and there was a positive and significant correlation between the detection rate of thyroid nodules and increasing age (xtrand =111.746,P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,in male,41.24％ (153/371) had thyroid nodules,with standardized prevalence rate of 41.13％,and in female,50.02％ (1 091/2 181) had thyroid nodules,with standardized prevalence rate of 49.20％.Likewise,there was a significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid nodules between male and female(x2 =9.790,P ＜ 0.01).The detection rate of thyroid nodules in the iodine deficient population (urinary iodine was 0-＜ 100 μg/L) was 55.58％ (244/439),and the incidence of thyroid nodules in the iodine adequate or optimal population (urinary iodine was 100-＜ 200 μg/L) was 46.68％ (591/1 266).Conclusions The total iodine level of the population in Harbin City of Heilongjiang Province is at adequate level.The detection rate of thyroid nodules is high and it is increased with age.The detection rate of thyroid nodules is higher in female than male.Regular detection of urine iodine and adjusting iodine nutrition will help prevent thyroid nodules.