【Objective】 To explore the effects and mechanism of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway on the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones in rats,so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of kidney stones. 【Methods】 A total of 40 rats were divided into control, SB203580, CaOx and SB203580+CaOx groups, with 10 rats in each group.Intragastric administration of a mixture of 1% ethylene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride was given to the CaOx and SB203580+CaOx groups to construct CaOx models, while intragastric administration of drinking water was given to the control and SB203580 groups.After molding, SB203580 and SB203580+CaOx groups were injected with 5 mg/kg SB203580 peritoneally once a day for 14 days, while the control and CaOx groups were injected with equal volume of normal saline.The renal mass of rats was measured and the renal coefficient was calculated; the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured with an automated biochemical analyzer; the urinary levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipid carrier protein (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the crystal deposition and tissue damage in renal tissues were observed with Von Kossa staining; the apoptosis of renal tubule cells was observed with TUNEL; the expressions of autophagy markers in kidney tissues were detected with immunohistochemical staining; the molecular expressions of autophagy-endoplasmic reticulum stress related pathways in renal tissues were determined with RT-qPCR and Western blot. 【Results】 Compared with the CaOx group, the SB203580+CaOx group had increased body mass after molding (P<0.05); decreased kidney mass, kidney coefficient, BUN, SCr, NGAL and KIM-1 levels (P<0.05); alleviated pathological damage of kidney tissues; significantly reduced black crystal; down-regulated proportion of positive TUNEL cells, positive expression area of LC3B and Beclin-1, mRNA expressions of LC3B, Beclin-1, CHOP and GRP78, protein ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ, and protein expressions of Beclin-1, CHOP and GRP78 (P<0.05); but up-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of p62 (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The p38 MAPK pathway is involved in the formation of CaOx kidney stones in rats.Inhibition of this pathway can reduce the formation of kidney stones, which may be related to the regulation of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To compare the concordance among RECIST, EASL and modified RECIST criteria for the evaluation of tumor response after transarterial chemoembolization of primary liver cancer.Methods Fifty patients with primary liver cancer underwent 2 TACE cycles separated by 30-40 days.Triphasic helical CT or MRI scans were performed at baseline, at 4 weeks after TACE procedure, and 2 independent radiologists evaluated tumor response according to above-mentioned three different criteria. Chisquare test was used to compare the response rate, and kappa coefficients were used to evaluate the coherence. Results When tumor responses were evaluated using the RECIST-EASL and modified RECIST criteria, the numbers of the patients achieved complete response, partial response, stable disease,progressive disease were 0, 10, 30, 10; 6,21,14,9; 6,21,13,10 respectively. The objective response rates for three different criteria were 20%, 54%, 54% respectively ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Kappa coefficients between RECIST and EASL, between RECIST and modified RECIST, between EASL and modified RECIST were 0. 382, 0. 170, and 0. 857 (P = 0. 000). Conclusions RECIST criteria underestimates the extent of tumor response after TACE in primary liver cancer. Both EASL and modified RECIST criteria appear to agree with each other in determining treatment response. Furthermore, the modified RECIST is more convenient in clinical practice compared with EASL criteria.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on type M prostatitis between the combined therapy of acupuncture and isolated-ginger moxibustion and tamsulosin.

METHODSOne hundred and ten patients of type III prostatitis were randomized into an acupuncture and moxibustion group and a tamsulosin group, 55 cases in each one. In the acupuncture and moxibustion group, acupuncture and isolated-ginger moxibustion were adopted. Two groups of acupoints were selected, named (1) Guanyuan (CV 4), Qugu (CV 2) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6); (2) Yaoyangguan (GV 3), Pangguangshu (BL 28) and Zhibian (BL 54). The two groups of points were used by acupuncture alternatively and only one group was selected a day. Isolated-ginger moxibustion was applied to Guanyuan (CV 4) and Zhibian (BL 54), once a day, 10 treatments made one session, and totally 3 sessions were required. In the tamsulosin group, tamsulosin was prescribed for oral administration, 0.2 mg, twice a day for 1 month. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score and expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) score were observed in the patients of the two groups.

RESULTSNIH-CPSI and EPS scores after treatment were all reduced apparently as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all P < 0.05). The improvements in the acupuncture and moxibustion group were more obvious than those in the tamsulosin group (all P < 0.05). In 3 months follow-up, NIH-CPSI score in the acupuncture and moxibustion group was reduced apparently as compared with the tamsulosin group (P < 0.05). The curative rate and total effective, rate were 20.0% (11/55) and 85.5% (47/55) in the acupuncture and moxibustion group, and were 3.6% (2/55) and 61.8% (34/55) in the tamsulosin group respectively (both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combined therapy of acupuncture and isolated-ginger moxibustion achieves the good effect of relieving the symptoms of type III prostatitis and recovery of EPS, better than those treated with tamsulosin. This combined therapy spresents the better long-term efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Prostatitis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Background and purpose:The local tumor control rate of non-small-cell lung cancer treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy is low.Hypofractionated radiotherapy performed by conformal irradiation techniques can improne the local control rate.But further studies for appropriate fraction dose and toxicity for hypofractionation should be done.The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of three-dimensional conformal hypofractionated radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:According to the dose-volume histogram(DVH) V_(20), patients were divided into three groups:① V_(20)≤20%,②20%30%,grade Ⅲ RP was observes in 2 of 5 patients and grade Ⅳ RP in 1 patient who died of lung function failure.No grade≥Ⅲ radiation esophagitis was observed.25 patients were evaluated with 8 complete responses,13 partial responses,3 stable diseases and 1 progressive disease.Conclusions:For three-dimensional conformal hypofractionated radiotherapy V_(20) level should be controlled below 30%,the treatment plan with V_(20)≥30% should be changed to palliative treatment.More studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.

Objective: To establish the qualitative and quantitative standards for Yejuhua Granules (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici). Methods: The identification was carried out by TLC. Chlorogenic acid in preparation was determined by HPLC. The HPLC conditions were:Hypersil column (4.6nm?250 nm 5?L), mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.04% phosphoric acid solution (13∶87). Results: TLC method for the identification of Yejuhua Granules was specific. HPLC for the determination of chlorogenic acid in preparation was simple and quick, accurate and reliable. Conclusion: These methods can be used for the quality control of Yejuhua Granules.

The reform and practice of Preventive Medicine Experiment Center of Fujian Medical University are introduced in this paper. How to construct a preventive medicine experiment center to adapt to modern medicine mode was explored in the aspects of experimental teaching concept,teaching system,teaching team and management system.

Objective: To obtain the diversity and abundance of fast-growing bacteria in the surface water of the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China, different cultivation methods were employed. This study also aims to provide a reference for isolating bacterial samples from seawater sources and preventing marine-derived pathogens. Methods: Based on the principles of taxonomic design, surface seawater samples were collected from six locations along the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China in March, June, October, and December 2021. Then, bacterial enrichment was performed based on traditional cultivation methods for Salmonella, Vibrio, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Actinomycetes, and general marine bacteria. After that, bacterial species identification was conducted by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Results: A total of 1 151 fast-growing cultivable bacteria belonging to 66 genera and 213 species were identified using five different culture protocols. In different cultivation protocols, Bacillus and Klebsiella demonstrated extensive discriminatory advantages and ranked among the top genera in terms of abundance. Protocol 1 had Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter as dominant genera. Pathogenic bacteria detected by protocol 1 included Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, with 37 and 29 strains respectively, while Salmonella enterica was uniquely detected with seven isolates. Proteus, Enterococcus, and Providencia were the dominant genera in protocol 2, and Proteus mirabilis was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 66 isolates. Vibrio cholerae was uniquely detected with six isolates at a higher abundance. Klebsiella, Escherichia, and Acinetobacter were the dominant genera in protocol 3, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 53 isolates, while Acinetobacter nosocomialis was uniquely detected with seven isolates. Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas were the dominant genera in protocol 4, and they showed advantages in isolating and cultivating Marine-derived Vibrio. Exiguobacterium, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus were the dominant genera in protocol 5. Bacillus cereus and Lactococcus lactis were the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 20 and 15 isolates, respectively, while Lactococcus lactis was uniquely detected at higher abundance. Metagenomic sequencing showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly dominant with a gene abundance of 51.11%, followed by Alcanivorax sp. at 12.57%. Conclusion: The surface water of the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China exhibits a rich diversity of bacteria, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being highly abundant in the studied area. Different cultivation methods demonstrate distinct selective advantages in culturing bacterial genera and pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize cultivation conditions for specific marine bacteria.
Humans ; Water ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Seawater/microbiology* ; Escherichia coli ; Enterococcus ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; China

Objective: To obtain the diversity and abundance of fast-growing bacteria in the surface water of the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China, different cultivation methods were employed. This study also aims to provide a reference for isolating bacterial samples from seawater sources and preventing marine-derived pathogens. Methods: Based on the principles of taxonomic design, surface seawater samples were collected from six locations along the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China in March, June, October, and December 2021. Then, bacterial enrichment was performed based on traditional cultivation methods for Salmonella, Vibrio, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Actinomycetes, and general marine bacteria. After that, bacterial species identification was conducted by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. Results: A total of 1 151 fast-growing cultivable bacteria belonging to 66 genera and 213 species were identified using five different culture protocols. In different cultivation protocols, Bacillus and Klebsiella demonstrated extensive discriminatory advantages and ranked among the top genera in terms of abundance. Protocol 1 had Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter as dominant genera. Pathogenic bacteria detected by protocol 1 included Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, with 37 and 29 strains respectively, while Salmonella enterica was uniquely detected with seven isolates. Proteus, Enterococcus, and Providencia were the dominant genera in protocol 2, and Proteus mirabilis was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 66 isolates. Vibrio cholerae was uniquely detected with six isolates at a higher abundance. Klebsiella, Escherichia, and Acinetobacter were the dominant genera in protocol 3, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 53 isolates, while Acinetobacter nosocomialis was uniquely detected with seven isolates. Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas were the dominant genera in protocol 4, and they showed advantages in isolating and cultivating Marine-derived Vibrio. Exiguobacterium, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus were the dominant genera in protocol 5. Bacillus cereus and Lactococcus lactis were the most abundant pathogenic bacteria detected with 20 and 15 isolates, respectively, while Lactococcus lactis was uniquely detected at higher abundance. Metagenomic sequencing showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly dominant with a gene abundance of 51.11%, followed by Alcanivorax sp. at 12.57%. Conclusion: The surface water of the northeast coast of Hainan Island in China exhibits a rich diversity of bacteria, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being highly abundant in the studied area. Different cultivation methods demonstrate distinct selective advantages in culturing bacterial genera and pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize cultivation conditions for specific marine bacteria.
Humans ; Water ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Seawater/microbiology* ; Escherichia coli ; Enterococcus ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; China

Objective To analyze the distribution of various genotypes of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein N ( HCMV gN) in patients with HIV infection; to investigate the effects of HCMV-HIV co-in-fection on disease progression and the relationships between HCMV gN genotypes and disease progression. Methods Patients with active HCMV infection were screened out from 359 patients with HIV infection by using the pp65 antigenemia assay.The genes encoding HCMV gN ( UL73 ) were amplified by nested PCR ( nPCR) .The amplicons were digested by restriction enzymes including MboⅠ, ScaⅠ and SalⅠ.Then, the restricted fragment length polymorphisms were further analyzed on 4%agarose gel.The relationships be-tween HCMV genotypes and the morbidity and mortality of acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) were investigated via a prospective study.Results Among the 359 patients with HIV infection, 28 subjects were positive for the HCMV pp65 antigenemia assay.The HCMV gN genotypes in 20 patients with active HCMV infection were distributed as: gN-3a (4/20, 20%), gN-1 (4/20, 20%), gN-4d (1/20, 5%), gN-4b (1/20, 5%) and mixed infection (10/20, 50%).Patients with HCMV-HIV co-infection were more likely to develop AIDS during the follow-up period (RR=9.78).Patients harboring HCMV gN-1 and gN-4 genotypes would seem likely to have 4.6 times of chance leading to AIDS-associated death than those harbo-ring other HCMV gN genotypes.Conclusion HCMV infection ( especially gN-1 and gN-4 genotypes) might accelerate the progression of HIV infection.