We analyzed the genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus A4 (CV-A4) based on the entire VP1 coding region. Samples were isolated from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Shaanxi, China from 2006 to 2010. We wished to ascertain the predominant genotype and the relationship between CV-A4 infection and AFP. Sixty-eight non-polio enteroviruses were inoculated onto RD cells (to increase the virus titer) and molecular typing was undertaken. The entire VP1 coding region was amplified. Percentage of CV-A4 was 10.3% (7/68). Analyses of genetic identify and creation of phylogenetic trees revealed that CV-A4 could be classified into A, B and C genotypes. Seven CV-A4 strains from Shaanxi and other CV-A4 strains from China formed an independent evolution lineage located in group 4 and belonged to the C2 sub-genotype. These data suggested that CV-A4 strains of sub-genotype C2 were the predominant genotypes in China. These strains co-evolved and co-circulated with those from other provinces in China, so continued monitoring of CV-A4 (by clinical and genetic surveillance) should be enhanced.
China ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Paralysis ; virology ; Phylogeny ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

BACKGROUNDTo get early laboratory study of type specific antigenicity of herpes simplex virus II.

METHODSPCR and prokaryotic expression technique.

RESULTSHerpes simplex virus II type specific gene fragment was expressed in E.coli and the products can be used as specific antigen for the detection of anti\HSV in the recovery sera.

CONCLUSIONSCloning and express of HSVII type specific antigen found the basis for developing specific diagnosis methods and vaccine of HSV.

Antigens, Viral ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression ; Herpesvirus 2, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; immunology