Objective:To deeply analyze the public health emergency reports of mumps in China, provide the basis for scientific prevention of mumps.Methods:Descriptive epidemiology and Poisson regression analysis were used to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of reported emergencies of mumps.Results:The total number of reported mumps emergencies in China from 2004 to 2020 was 5 229. Overall tendency of the number of reported emergencies was regarded as decreasing with fluctuation. Chongqing, Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Gansu were the top five regions in the total number of reported emergencyies.The level of reported events was mainly general, most of reported emergencies occurred in primary and secondary schools. The events were reported more timely, the responding time was long (the minimum 30 d). After one dose of mumps vaccine was carried out nationwide in 2008, the number of reported emergencies in each year did not exceed the level of 2008, the number of reported events in Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin with 2 dose of mumps vaccine was less than that of other regions, In 2008-2020, the number of reported emergencies of mumps was higher than that of measles and rubella in the same period, which indicated that 2 dose immunization had a certain effect on preventing the outbreak of measle and rubella. The lowest reported number of emergencies of mumps reached in 2020, suggesting that China has taken strict precautions against Coronavirus Disease 2019 and prevented the outbreak of mumps at the same time.Poisson regression of mumps outbreak revealed that the number of outbreaks was related to the reported incidence rate and vaccination strategy in each region. The emergency possibility of 1 dose vaccination was 3.924-32.284 times of 2 doses.Conclusions:Vaccination is an important means to prevent the outbreak of mumps. With the implementation of the immunization strategy of two doses of mumps vaccine in China from June 2020, the number of emergency reports of mumps is expected to further decline.