Thoracic radiotherapy is an important means of local treatment for non -small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs)have the effect of systemic therapy.Studies have shown that NSCLC patients with EGFR exons 19,21 mutation have a synergistic effect in the combination therapy .Radiotherapy activates EGFR signaling pathway ,inducing cell proliferation and DNA damage repair,leading to radiation resistance .Therefore,EGFR-TKIs have the effect in increasing radiosensitivity .Lung injury is one of the most common side effects when the two therapies combined .Studies suggest that radiotherapy combined with EGFR-TKIs may have conflicting functions in the development of pulmonary fibrosis ,the discrep-ancy between these studies may depend on the differences in the experimental systems ,the differences in pulmo-nary fibrosis models,as well as the differences between different species and individuals .Therefore,a more com-plete understanding of the etiology for pulmonary fibrosis is necessary to the development of improved treatments .

About 2/3 patients with chest tumor requires radiation therapy .Normal lung tissues inevitably receive a certain amount of radiation during the treatment ,which results in the most frequent complication in tho-racic tumor radiotherapy:radiation-induced lung injury(radiation-induced lung injury,RILI).Usually,radio-logical changes are more common than clinical manifestations .RILI has become the bottleneck in radiotherapy which restricts the improvement of efficacy .At present ,there is no accurate and reliable method to predict the oc-currence of RILI .Once RILI occurs ,the condition is irreversible and treatment in recent decades has been stag-nant.In the present review ,we summarized the RILI predictors and RILI treatment methods .

Objective To study radiation -induced lung damage after lung ionizing radiation and the temporal and spatial release of pro -inflammatory cytokines of interleukin -6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the irradiated lung tissue.Methods BALB/C male mice weighted around 25 g were randomly divided into two groups:radiation group ( R) and control group ( C) ,with 30 mice in R group and10 mice in C group.The thorax of mice was irradiated by 6 MV X-ray with 25 Gy in 5 fractions.The mice were sac-rificed at 12 weeks post irradiation.Lung tissues were collected and embedded in paraffin .After HE staining,lung histopathological changes were detected by immunohistochemistry to detect IL -6,IL-8 and IL-10 expression in lung tissue.Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expressions of IL -6,IL-8 and IL-10 were mainly expressed in macrophages and inflammatory cells .The results showed that the expressions of IL -6 and IL-8 in R group were significantly higher than that in C group .IL-10 expression level was lower than C group.Conclusion After 12 weeks exposing to radiation ,cytokines of IL-6,IL-8 and IL-10 in lung tissue are associated with radiation -induced lung injury .

Radiation therapy is one of the main therapeutic means of thoracic malignant tumors .When re-ceived certain radiation ,lung may cause the common complication of chest tumor radiotherapy -Radiation -in-duced Lung Injury ( RILI) ,which restricts the radiation dose for the tumor region and may affect patient outcomes . RILI is closely associated with multiple cytokines ,such as interleukin family,tumor necrosis factor,transforming growth factor,etc.Currently,research on RILI control methods has also made some breakthrough ,this article elab-orates on this individually .

90%) was a forepart change of gemcitabine-induced lung injury in the first month in G group, but the exudation, proliferation and fibrosis dominated in the 1,3 and 6 months in R+CG group. Hydroxyproline content of lung-irridiated tissue was increased from the 5th month and lasted to months 6,7 and 8, and its content in the R+CG group was higher than that in the other groups(P

Objective To explore the baggy eyelids anaplasty through posterior orbital septum fat displacement. Methods Orbital septum and posterior orbital septum fat were exposed through palpebral margin incision, internal orbital septum fat was released and sutured with arcuate expansion of capsulopalpebral fascia at the middle lower eyelid, which was taken as the function of tighting the flaccid lower eyelid at transverse direction. On such a basis, the muscle and skin were repaired and so did orbital septum and baggy eyelids.Results Ofthe 38 patients with this operation, baggy eyelids anaplasty was performed with satisfactory results.Conclusion The method of baggy eyelids plasty through posterior orbital septum fat displacement could reduce hemorrhage, prevent enophthalmos and decrease baggy eye palindromia, with better long-term effects.

Objective To explore the effect of extracurricular activities based on specialist nursing clinic. Methods Thirty-four undergraduate nursing students of grade 2013 in the Capital Medical University were enrolled in the study. After learning of nursing theories for senile dementia, the extracurricular activities based onspecialist nursing clinicwere carried out. Before and after the second class activities, the caring ability inventory scale and self scale-rating for self-directed learning (SRSSDL) were used to assess 34 students. Result After the activities, students' caring ability and self-directed learning ability were statistically significantly improved (P<0.01). Conclusion The extracurricular activities based onspecialist nursing cliniccan stimulate the learning interest of nursing students and improve their self-directed learning ability and humanistic care ability.

Although surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy have made great progress,pancreatic cancer is still the most fatal malignant tumor,with a 5-year overall survival rate of only about 4% . Many studies have demonstrated that the local recurrence of pancreatic cancer is an important cause of high mortality,and the failure rate after local excision is still as high as 50~80% . There-fore,how to improve the local control rate of pancreatic cancer has been a hot spot of concern. Due to the adjacent organs and tissues (such as bone marrow,spinal cord,kidney,liver,intestine,etc. ),the dose of external irradiation(EBRT) is limited. Increasing local control rates and reducing treatment side effects are trends in future treatments. Intraoperative radiotherapy has the advantages of do-simetry and direct vision treatment to be increasingly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer,becoming an important part of com-prehensive treatment. This article summarizes the clinical research results of intraoperative radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer in recent years,in order to provide the reference for clinicians.

Objective To explore the relationship among peer relationship,self-consciousness and social anxiety in HIV-infected children. Methods Peer Relationship Scale,Piers-Harris Children's Self-con-cept Scale and Social Anxiety Scale for Children were applied to 126 HIV-infected children. Results The score of peer relationship was 53. 0(45. 0,62. 0),the score of self-concept was 52. 0(42. 0,60. 0),and the score of social anxiety was 6. 0(2. 0,9. 0). Peer relationship was positively correlated with social anxiety( r=0. 196,P=0. 029) and negatively correlated with self-consciousness(r=-0. 628,P<0. 01). Self-conscious-ness was negatively correlated with social anxiety(r=-0. 504,P<0. 01). Bootstrap analysis showed that self-consciousness played a complete mediating role between peer relationship and social anxiety,and the media-ting effect value was 0. 377. Conclusion Peer relationship,self-consciousness and social anxiety are closely related. Furthermore,self-consciousness plays a complete mediating role between peer relationship and social anxiety in HIV-infected children.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study examined the association between homocysteine and diabetes mellitus in patients with H-type hypertension and assessed the possible effect modifiers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1,255 eligible participants in the ‘H-type Hypertension Management and Stroke Prevention Strategic International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project’ among rural Chinese people with H-type hypertension. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between homocysteine and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The mean level of total homocysteine (tHcy) in the diabetes mellitus population was 19.37 μmol/L, which was significantly higher than the non-diabetic patients (18.18 μmol/L). When tHcy was analyzed as a continuous variable, the odds ratio (OR) of diabetes was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.35; per interquartile range). When tHcy was stratified according to the quintile, the ORs for diabetes were 2.86 (95% CI, 1.22–6.69) in the highest quintile (tHcy ≥ 20.60 μmol/L) compared to the reference group (tHcy < 12.04 μmol/L). When tHcy was grouped by 15 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L, patients with tHcy ≥ 20 μmol/L had a significantly (P = 0.037) higher risk of diabetes (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.04–3.96) than in those with tHcy < 15 μmol/L. Subgroup analysis showed that the tHcy-diabetes association was unaffected by other variables. CONCLUSION In this study of rural Chinese people with H-type hypertension, the tHcy levels showed a positive association with diabetes mellitus. This independent association is unaffected by other potential risk factors.