The Proposal for the Standardization of Urinary Sediments Examination and the expert consensus have provided effective and timely instruction on urinalysis normalization,but there are still some puzzles about the methods and requirements on quality improvement for urinalysis normalization.This paper is discussing about some issues referring to American and European urinalysis guidelines,which include establishment of examination procedure,specifications and methods of testing system evaluation,specimen stability,the influence of sample centrifugation,the usage of sample staining,confirmation tests,requirements on result reporting,internal quality control and external quality assessment.These discussions will contribute to the quality improvement of urinalysis in clinical laboratories.

With the quick development revelant techniques, proteomics is a very active subject in modern biological fields. The key techniques of proteomics are two dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. From the new point of view, proteomics may play a vital role in the early detection of neoplasm by looking for tumor specific protein and elucidating the relationship between the change of expression and different phases of tumorigenesis. The article briefly review the relevant technique, strategy and application for the early diagnosis of in digestive system tumors.

Scleral buckling surgery is a main surgical method for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and it is the basic skill of retinal surgeons. As a kind of classic treatment, retinal surgeons must recognize and understand the essence and connotation of scleral buckling surgery, master and apply skillfully, improve the success rate of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and use the minimum amount of surgical combination to achieve anatomical retinal reattachment and restore visual function as much as possible.

Insulin-like growth factors, their receptors and insulin-like growth factor binding protein constitutes insulin-like growth factor system. Studies in vivo and vitro suggest that they can regulate cell growth and proliferation. Insulin-like growth factors have a potent mitogenic effects which dependent on interaction between insulin-like growth factors and their receptors. IGFBP family contains six high-affinity members with variable functions and mechanisms of actions. In addition to functioning as simple carrier proteins, IGFBP can inhibit or promote IGFs by IGF-dependent or IGF-independent mechanism. Recent findings show that the IGFBP is correlated with the initiation and progression of tumor growth.

Objective To study the relationship between chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),reduced upon activation of normal T cell expressed and secreted chemokine(RANTES) and experimental allergic neuritis(EAN).Methods EAN models were induced in Wistar rats by immunization with rabbit sciatic nerves homogenate and complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA).Expressions of MCP-1,RANTES in the sciatic nerves of experimental rats were detected by immunohistochemistry technology at different time.Results The maximum MCP-1 positive cells in the sciatic nerves were detected at 9th d.The expression of MCP-1 in EAN group was obviously higher than that in control group at 9th,15th and 21th d(all(P

Objective To explore the etiology and clinical prevention regime for hepatitis B virus reinfection in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods One hundred and twenty eight orthotopic liver transplantation recipients with hepatitis B virus related end-stage liver diseases were analyzed retrospectively. The patients' primary diseases included chronic fulminant hepatitis B, end-stage liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. All the patients were given lamivudine pre-transplantation to prevent hepatitis B virus reinfection. Single lamivudine was administered post-transplantation in 3 cases; lamivudine combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin were given in 125 cases. Adefovir dipivoxil was administered to the patients with hepatitis B virus reinfection. All the patients were followed-up for 3～48 months. Results Two out of the three patients who received single lamivudine developed hepatitis B virus reinfection. The reinfection occurred in one patient 6 months after orthotopic liver transplantation, and the other patient was found to be reinfected 9 months after transplantation. Five out of the 125 patients who received lamivudine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (small dosage) developed hepatitis B virus reinfection. To 3 patients with hepatitis B virus reinfection adefovir dipivoxil was given, and hepatitis B virus-DNA negative conversion was observed after three months of treatment. Conclusions Treatment with lamivudine and low dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin post-transplantation may offer an effective prevention against hepatitis B virus reinfection. Adefovir dipivoxil is effective for patients with reinfection of hepatitis B virus by suppressing its variant replication.

Tumor thermal ablation therapy has been the common minimally invasive technique because of its excellent efficacy and safety,and has become a promising clinical minimally invasive treatment.But there are still limitations in its therapeutic range.Moreover,as an effective local treatment,the technology is bound to a cooperation with tumor system treatments.This review provides an overview of the concept of tumor thermotherapy and thermal ablation,and the possible mechanism of the synergistic effect of the thermal ablation with chemotherapy,including hyperthermia changing the blood supply to improve drug distribution,hyperthermia increasing drug intake,hyperthermia modifying the cytotoxicity of many chemotherapeutic agents,combination therapy improving the rate of complete ablation and promoting cell apoptosis.

Objective:To observe serum cystatin C (Cys C)level in patients before and after off-pump coronary ar-tery bypass grafting (OPCABG),and explore its relationship with coronary artery lesion.Methods:A total of 321 patients,who received OPCABG in department of heart surgery of our hospital from Aug 2013 to Nov 2013,were selected.According to number of diseased coronary vessels,they were divided into single-vessel group (n= 11), double-vessel group (n=33)and multi-vessel group (n=277).Double antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to measure serum Cys C level in all groups.Results:The Cys C levels in single-vessel group, double-vessel group,multi-vessel group before OPCABG were (0.732 ± 0.286)mg/L, (0.807 ± 0.265)mg/L, (0.911±0.273)mg/L respectively,there were significant difference (F=3.942,P =0.038);and after OPCABG were (0.616±0.198)mg/L,(0.607±0.201)mg/L, (0.646±0.166)mg/L respectively ,there were no signifi-cant difference (F=0.493,P =0.617),namely there was no significant relationship between coronary artery disease extent and Cys C level after OPCABG,P >0.05. Conclusion:There is no significant relationship between original coronary artery disease extent and serum cystatin C level after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,namely off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is an effective therapeutic measure for patients with coronary heart disease.

Objective To investigate which subfamily genes of T cell receptor (TCR) V? expand predominantly during the course of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). Methods Using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization techniques,the expression levels of TCR V? 2,6,8,10,14 in the peripheral blood,lymph nodes,peripheral nerves of group EAN and those of the control group were compared. Results In group EAN,the expression of TCR V? 6?8 mRNA increased at the early phage(41.1?1.1 and 74.4?1.9 vs 25.9?1.5 and 26.1?1.6) and became more significantly at the peak of the disease,and resolved to normal at the recovery phage in the lymph nodes.But they amounted up gradually from the early stage to the peak,and then decreased a little in the infiltrating T-lymphocytes in peripheral nerves,the difference was significant.In addition,the expression of TCR V? 8 was notably higher than that of TCR V? 6 in the levels of mRNA. Conclusion The subfamilies of TCRV? genes which restrict the development of EAN due to recognizing the specific antigens are TCRV? 8 and TCRV? 6. T lymphocytes specifically expressing TCR V?6?8 genes are activated and clonally proliferated in the lymph nodes,and then migrate to the involved peripheral nerves,which might induce a series of immune lesions consequently.

Objective:To explore the role of nuclear transcription factor and the effect of nasal tolerance on EAN.Methods:75 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Group NS, EAN, EANL, EANM, EANH. The expression of IFN-?, TGF-?1, IL-10 mRNA and P65 protein were detected in spleen by using of RT-PCR and western blot.Results:The expression of IFN-? mRNA were the highest at early phase, those of TGF-?1 and IL-10 augmented significantly at recovery phase. In Group EANM and EANH, the severity of clinical signs and the infiltration of inflammatory cells decreased. IFN-? mRNA and P65 protein expression was lower than that in Group EAN, however, IL-10 and TGF-?1 mRNA increased markedly. At the same time, the expression of P65 protein were positively correlated with those of IFN-? mRNA, negatively correlated with those of TGF-?1 and IL-10 mRNA.Conclusion:NF-?B may play a vital role in EAN. Nasal administration of antigen may effectively prevent Wistar rat from inducing EAN in some degree, which may associate with the inhibition of NF-?B.