OBJECTIVE:To investigate the problems commonly occurred in outpatient prescriptions and to evaluate pharmacists’ role in the checking and intervention of prescriptions.METHODS:Questionable prescriptions recorded by outpatient pharmacists in their routine prescription checking from June,2004 to October, 2004 were classified and statistically analyzed. RESULTS:On average,the questionable prescriptions accounted for 0.35% of all the prescriptions dispensed by pharmacists. Of the questionable prescriptions,usage problems accounted for 43.0%,dosage accounted for 39.4%,volume dose accounted for 9.7%,frequency accounted for 2.7%.The results in prescribed frequency were significantly different before and after pharmacists intervention(P

[Objective] To discuss the reasonable treatment and skil of gal bladder calculus.[Method] Select 81 cases of such patients, take their clinical data as examples for analysis foundation;and choose relative documents for evidence of theoretic analysis.[Result] 77 cases were successively operated of laparo-scope, 3 transferred for laparotomy owing to difficult anatomy of Colot triangle, 1 made probe of choledoch because of choledocholithiasis;compared with documents results, the incision length, bleeding, operaiotn time, in-hospital time and complications of laparoscope operation, transferred laparotomy in the study were similar to relative documentary reports, the differences had no statistical meaning;the intranperative bleeding, operation period, in-hopital time, complications were better than documents, the differences had statistical meaning. [Conclusion] The correct pre-operation evaluation of disease condition, operation chance and methods selection, 3 operation points were the key of successful operaiton.

ObjectiveTo observe the short term efficacy and safety of cryoplasty in treatment of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. MethodsTwenty five patients (27 limbs) scheduled for lower extremity artery balloon angioplasty were randomized to cryoplasty [ group CRYO, 10 patients with 8 male,age ( 76 ± 8 ) years]or conventional balloon angioplasty [ group COBA, 15 patients with 13 male, age ( 68 ±4) years], In CRYO group, the average lesion length and stenosis were (6.7 ±0.9) cm and, (91±6)％, respectively. The average ankle-brachial index (ABI) was 0. 46 ±0. 07 before treatment. According to Fontaine clinical stages, 7 patients (7/10) in this group were staged Ⅱ and the other 3 (3/10) were staged Ⅲ. According to Trans Atlantic Inter Society Consensus (TASC), 8 patients (8/10) were classified as TASC type A and the other 2 (2/10) were TASC type B. In COBA group, the average lesion length and stenosis were (6. 5 ± 0. 7 ) cm and ( 89 ± 7 ) ％, respectively. The average ABI was 0. 48 ± 0. 08 before treatment.According to Fontaine clinical stages, 13 patients (13/15) were stagedⅡand the other 2(2/15) were staged Ⅲ. And, according to TACS, 13 patients (13/15) were classified as TASC type A and the other 2 (2/15) were TASC type B. The clinical symptoms and signs had no significant difference between the two groups ( P ＞ 0. 05 ).Clinical status was evaluated according to Rutherford classification.The clinical efficacy on the 2nd and 30 th day after the operation was compared using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. ResultsTechnical success was achieved in all patients both in CRYO group (10/10) and in COBA group (15/15). None patient in CRYO group occurred postoperative complication.One patient in COBA group ( 1/15 ) occurred vessel wall dissection. In CRYO group, clinical status were remarkably improved in 8 patients (8/10) and moderately improved in 2 patients (2/10) ; while, in COBA group, they were remarkably improved in 13 patients ( 13/15 ) and moderately improved in 2 patients ( 2/15 ). The average ABI was 0. 84 ± 0. 04 in group CRYO and 0. 84 ± O. 05 in group COBA ( P ＝ 0. 20).The average stenosis was (29 ± 4) ％ in group CRYO and (32 ± 4) ％ in group COBA ( P ＝ 0. 55 ). No significant difference was detected between the two groups.Both the average ABI and stenosis presented statistically significant difference between pre-operation and post-operation in both groups ( P ＜ 0. 01,respectively).Conclusions Cryoplasty is safe for the treatment of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease, which showed a good short-term result in this research.

Objective To measure the macular function of the fellow eye in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods A total of 24 cases of unilateral RVO were diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),and multifocal ERG (mfERG) was recorded by RETI scan.The mfERG data of 24 fellow eyes of those RVO patients,and 18 normal control eyes were analyzed and compared.The parameters included the amplitude density,latency of the P1 and N1 wave in 6 concentric circles and 4quadrants of the mfERG graphics.Results The amplitude densities of P1 and N1 wave in first and second concentric circles of RVO fellow eyes were significantly lower than normal eyes (t=4.520,2.147;P＜0.05).There was no significant difference (P＞0.05) of P1/N1 latency in any concentric circles or quadrants between RVO fellow eyes and normal eyes.Conclusion The central fovea of the RVO fellow eyes was functionally impaired.

Objective To explore the expression of FOXM1 in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and the relationship between FOXM1 expression and the clinical pathological factors,clinical response to target-therapy in NSCLC remained unknown.Methods A total of 80 NSCLC patients were recruited into this study,FOXM1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and analyzed with the clinical pathological factors and clinical response to target-therapy.Results The positive rate of FOXM1 expression was 41.25%.The positive expression of FOXM1 had no significant difference in patients with different age,gender,cancer staging,smoking history(P>0.05),but had significant difference in patients with different degree of differentiation,lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Survival time in patients with positive FOXM1 expression was significant shorter than that with negative FOXM1 expression(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of FOXM1 closely correlated with patients histological differentiation,lymph node metastasis,progress-free survival time in patients with positive FOXM1 expression was significantly shorter than those with negative FOXM1 expression.

BACKGROUND:Long-term patency rate of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels is stil the most important issue to be solved.
OBJECTIVE:To review the materials and fabrication technologies of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels as wel as endothelialization of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels.
METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed (2000-2013) and Wanfang database (2003-2013) was done for relevant articles using the key words of“smal-caliber, vascular graft, electrospun, layer-by-layer assembly, endothelialization”in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 125 articles were retrieved, and final y, 41 were included for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At present, smal-caliber vascular graft materials include natural biological materials, biodegradable polymers, composite materials and xenogeneic biomaterials. Preparation technologies of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels mainly include electrospinning, self-assembly, rapid prototyping, and gel spinning. Numerous methods can elicit endothelialization of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels, but each method has its flaws and cannot ensure long-term patency radical y. With the development and diversification of preparation technologies and in-depth study of endothelialization of vascular prostheses, the long-term patency of smal-caliber artificial blood vessels wil gradual y be resolved.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of hand-assisted laparoscopic one-stage operation for colorectal cancer with single hepatic metastasis.Methods The clinical data of 6 patients of colorectal cancer with single hepatic metastasis treated with hand-assisted laparoscopic one-stage operation between Aug 2009 and Mar 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Result Procedures were completed successfully in all cases and there was no conversion to open surgery.The mean operation time was (183 ±45) min,the mean blood loss in operation was (165 ±70) ml,the mean time to intestinal function recovery was (69.4 ± 10.5) h,and the average length of stay was (9.5 ±3.2) d.There was no major intraoperative or postoperative complications.All the patients received chemotherapy and up to 30 months follow-up found good condition in all but one dying of widespread intraabdominal tumor metastasis.Conclusions Handassisted laparoscopic one-stage operation for colorectal cancer with hepatic metastasis is feasible and safe.

Objective To observe the eftccts of the extract of termitarium on the climbing ability and life span of Parkinson disease (PD)drosophila(Ddc GAL4/+ ;UAS-wild type α-synuclein/I ),and to explore its mechanism of anti- PD. Methods The termitarium was extracted by ethanol.PD drosophilas overexpressed α-synuclein were fed with 1,10 and 100 mg of termitarium per 100 g culture medium.The climbing ability and life span of drosophilas and pathological changes of its brain tissue (Congo red staining) were observed and compared among different concentrations. Results Termitarium enhanced the climbing ability of PD drosophilas and the most significant improvement appeared from 18 d to 36 d after eclosion,increasing with more termitarium concentrations and growing age of PD drosophilas.Termitarium also prolonged the life span among which male and female drosophila were longer 31.82 ％ ～ 3.34 ％,1.47 ％ ～ 3.34 ％ as compared with PD drosophila control (all P＜0.05).The brain cells number in the PD drosophilas were increased and empty bubble was decreased by rermitarium, accompanying with improvement of behavior and life span.Conclusions Termitarium can improve behavior and prolong life span of PD drosophilas.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) exists in different regions of rat gastric mucosa in different densities, and ANP can inhibit the spontaneous contraction of gastric smooth muscles in rat, guinea pig and human.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ultrastructural localization of ANP-synthesizing cells and the correlation between ANP-synthesizing cells and microvessel density in rat gastric mucosa.DESIGN: Single sampling study.SETTING: Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College. MATERIALS: Eighteen adult male Wistar rats of clean grade, weighing 300-350 g, were used in this study.METHODS: This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica Immunology, Chengde Medical College from October 2004 to July 2007. The ultrastructural localization of ANP-synthesizing cells in rat gastric mucosa was performed by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy technique. The area density of ANP-synthesizing cell distribution was calculated by histochemical technique (saffron solution and toluidine solution staining included). Microvessels of rat gastric mucosa were revealed distinctively by tannic acid-ferric chloride staining method and scanning electron microscope technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The ultrastructural localization of ANP-synthesizing cells in rat gastric mucosa.②The distribution characteristics of gastric microvessels in different regions of rat gastric mucosa.③The distribution characteristics of ANP-synthesizing cells in rat gastric mucosa.④Correlation between ANP-synthesizing cell distribution and microvessel density.RESULTS: ① Ultrastructural localization of ANP-synthesizing cells: It was confirmed that ANP-cells were the enterochrochromaffin (EC) cells. ② Observation of microvessels: The microvessels were stained successfully by tannic acid-ferric chloride and scanning electron microscope technology. Microvessels of gastric mucous were in wriggled way and cut in different cross-sections. They could be clearly observed in distinct three-dimensions. The microvessel density was the largest in the basal glands of rat gastric mucous. ③ Distribution of ANP-synthesizing cells: It was identified that EC cell was only a chromaffin cell in the rat gastric mucosa. The chromaffin granules (brown granules) were localized in the cytoplasm of EC cells. Negative staining for chromaffin granules was detected in the submucosa and smooth muscle. EC cells had different distribution densities in different regions. The density order of EC cells was gastric cardiac region ＞ gastric pyloric region ＞ gastric fundic region in mucosal layer. ④ Correlation between ANP-synthesizing cells and microvessel density: Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between ANP-synthesizing cells and microvessel density in the gastric cardiac region(r = 0.53, P ＜ 0.05, n=18), and there was a negative correlation between above-mentioned two indices in the gastric pyloric region(r = 0.38, P ＞ 0.05 , n=18)and in the gastric fundic region(r = -0.29, P ＞ 0.05, n=18).CONCLUSION: ANP-synthesizing cells are the EC cells of gastric mucosa. There is a positive correlation between ANP-synthesizing cells and microvessels in the rat gastric cardiac region, while there is a negative correlation between ANP-synthesizing cells and microvessels in the rat gastric pyloric region and in the gastric fundic region.

Objective To investigate the preventive effects of anti-viral therapy in combination with transcatheter arteria chemoembolization (TACE) on recurrence of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after operation. Methods According to selection standards, 49 patients treated in this hospital from January 2003 to June 2009 were enrolled in this study and divided into a control group and combined group.The cumulative tumor-free survival rate, cumulative survival rate, the 1-, 2- and 3-year recurrence rates and cumulative recurrence rates were determined in all the patients and compared between the 2 groups. Results The cumulative tumor-free survival rate and cumulative survival rate were significantly higher in the combined group than in the control group (P=0. 019, 0. 008). The 1-, 2-, and 3-recurrence rates were 24% vs. 38.9%, 28% vs. 33.3%, and 28% vs. 22.2% in the combined group and control group, respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative recurrence rates were 24% vs. 38. 9%, 52% vs. 72. 2%, and 80% vs.94. 4% in the combined group and control group, respectively. Conclusion Anti-viral therapy in combination with TACE can exert significant preventive effects on recurrence of HBV-related HCC after operation.