Objective To determine the prognostic factors in patients with stage pT3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) after esophagectomy, and to compare the effects of different treatment modalities on the prognosis of patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 480 patients with stage pT3N0M0 TSCC from 2007 to 2010 to determine the prognostic factors in the patients, and to compare the effects of different treatment modalities on their prognosis.Survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was performed using the Cox model.Results Of the 439, 333, and 278 patients who completed the 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-up, respectively, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 90.0%, 68.7%, and 57.9%(median 87 months, 95% confidence interval (CI=74.7-99.4), respectively, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 82.3%, 60.4%, and 52.3%(median 71.3 months, 95%CI=55.1-87.5), respectively.In order to account for the different constituent ratios of some clinical and pathological data between the three groups of patients, 55 patients in each group were matched using propensity score matching (PSM)(all P>0.05).It was found that the post-PSM 1-,3-, and 5-year OS and DFS were significantly different between patients who received surgery only, postoperative chemotherapy (POCT), and postoperative chemoradiotherapy/radiotherapy (POCRT/RT)(P=0.000 and 0.006,respectively).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age, lesion location, and treatment modality were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS (P=0.029,0.004,0.000 and P=0.009,0.003,0.002), and the length of lesion was also an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.003).Conclusions Although the rate of post-operative treatment failure is still high among patients with stage pT3N0M0 TSCC, POCRT/PORT can improve the prognosis and the 5-year OS and DFS of these patients.However, further large-sample prospective studies will be required to confirm these findings.

Objective To investigate the failure model of patients with stage pN0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) after surgery alone and to discuss the feasibility of postoperative radiotherapy.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 473 patients with TESCC who received surgery alone from January 2007 to December 2010.The feasibility of adjuvant radiotherapy for pN0 TESCC patients was investigated through the failure model of postoperative patients.Results Of all patients,there were 57 cases with chest-regional recurrence (12.1％),most of which occurred in the mediastinal lymph nodes(52 case).There were 42 (8.9％) patients were identified as distant metastasis (DM),of which 13 cases were found to have both local recurrence and DM,and the total failure rate was 20.9％.The chest-regional recurrence rate of upper TESCC was statistically significantly higher than middle and lower (x2 =7.469,P ＜ 0.05),but DM rate had no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The chest-regional recurrence rate and DM rate of the advanced T stage were significantly higher than those of the early T stage(x2 =10.247,7.886,P ＜ 0.05).The result of univariate analysis showed that disease site,the degree of adhesion,postoperative stump were significant factors of chestregional recurrence rate (x2 =14.232,9.486,7.546,P ＜ 0.05).Gender,smoking and preoperative weight loss ≥5 kg significantly influenced DM (x2 =10.823,10.275,6.065,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the T stage was the significant influence factor of chest-regional recurrence and DM(x2 =15.994,12.885,P ＜0.05).The result of multivariate analysis showed that T stage and postoperative stump were independent factors of chest-regional recurrence (P ＜ 0.05).Smoking was an independent factor of DM (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There was a high rate of chest-regional recurrence in patients with stage pN0 TESCC who received surgery alone.Postoperative radiotherapy was recommended for patients with upper TESCC,advanced T stage,severe local adhesion,positive margin in and postoperative stump.Male,smoking and preoperative weight loss≥5 kg were associated with higher DM rate.

Objective To investigate the failure mode in patients with stage pT3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) after surgery,and to discuss the significance and feasibility of postoperative radiotherapy according to the failure mode.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 227 patients with stage pT3N0M0 TESCC who met the inclusion criteria from January 2007 to December 2010.Their postoperative failure mode was analyzed,and,with reference to relevant research,the significance of postoperative radiotherapy and its target patients were explored.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS),local recurrence (LR),and distant metastasis (DM) rates,and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis.The Cox model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results After surgery,there were 58 patients (25.6％) with LR in the thoracic cavity and 27 patients (11.9％) with DM,and 10 patients had both LR and DM.Twentynine (50％) of the 58 patients had recurrence in the thoracic mediastinal lymph nodes.The results of univariate analysis showed that the 3-and 5-year OS rates of patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer were significantly lower than those of patients with middle and lower esophageal cancer (P =0.000),and the chest-regional recurrence rate was significantly higher in the former group than in the latter two groups (P=0.047);the 3-and 5-year OS rates of patients with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma were significantly lower than those of patients with moderately and well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (P =0.005),and the DM rate was significantly higher than in the former group than in the latter two groups (P=0.000).The results of multivariate analysis showed that lesion site and the degree of pathological differentiation were independent prognostic factors for OS (P=0.014 and 0.010);lesion site was the independent prognostic factor for chest-regional recurrence (P=0.046);the degree of pathological differentiation was the independent prognostic factor for DM (P=0.000).Conclusions For patients with stage pT3N0M0 TESCC after two-field esophagectomy,the most common failure mode is chest-regional recurrence,especially in patients with upper thoracic esophageal cancer.Therefore,postoperative radiotherapy is suggested for upper-thoracic TESCC.

Objective To evaluation and comparison the curative effect of different adjuvant therapy and prognostic factors with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after surgery,and to find the best treatment for them.Methods A total of 863 patients with thoracic ESCC underwent surgery in the fourth hospital of Hebei Medical University,From January 2007 to December 2010,To analyze the influence factors of the patient′s independent prognosis and the effect of postoperative adjuvant therapy on the prognosis of patients.The 1:1, after the tendency of a total of 261 cases were used PSM method (87 cases/group).The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate OS,DFS and log-rank test and monovariable analysis,Cox model was used to multivariable analysis.Results The sample size in 1,3,5 was 123,589,863 cases.The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of all patients were 89.7%,62.1%,51.7% and 76.8%,52.1%,44.2%,respectively.The 1,3,5-years of OS and DFS were 956%,73.3%,61.1% and 85.6%,61.1%,54.4%,78.9%,38.9%,31.3% and 67.8%,27.8%,20.0%,92.2%,55.6%,44.4% and 67.8%,44.4%,36.7%(all P=0.000) among postoperation chemoradiotherapy (POCRT),postoperation chemotherapy (POCT) and postoperation radiotherapy (PORT) after pairing with PSM.The result of COX analysis showed that the degree of inflammatory adhesion,pTNM stage and the number of positive lymph nodes were the independent prognostic factors in patients with OS (P=0.002,0.000,0.007).The history of drinking,pTNM stage and treatment model were the independent prognostic factors of DFS (P=0.009,0.000,0.012).Conclusions Patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after surgery to receive adjuvant therapy has a good effect,compared with PORT and POCT,POCRT can significantly improve the OS and DFS,and POCRT was the independent prognostic factors of DFS.

Objective To analyze the failure patterns and prognostic factors of radical surgery in patients with T1-4N0-1M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC),and the implications for the target area design of postoperative therapy.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1 191 patients with TESCC who underwent radical surgery at our institution.The failure patterns,the prognostic factors,as well as the effects of lesion locations and N stage on the failure patterns were analyzed.Results The thoracic-region recurrence rate and the distant metastasis rate was 31.7％ and 16.4％ in all patients.The multivariate analysis showed that the lesion locations,the degree of inflammatory adhesion,T staging,N staging and the rate of lymph nodes metastasis were independent factors affecting the regional recurrence (P ＜ 0.05).Gender,tumor differentiation and the rate of lymph nodes metastasis were independent factors affecting distant metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).The intrathoracic lymph nodes recurrence rate of upper/middle TESCC was significantly higher than that of the lower TESCC (x2 =6.179,P =0.046),while the abdomen lymph nodes recurrence rate of the lower was significantly higher than that of upper/middle TESCC (x2 =15.853,P ＜ 0.05).The recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate of stage N1 patients were significantly higher than that of N0 patients (x2 =7.764-56.495,P ＜ 0.05).The abdomen lymph nodes recurrence rate of stage N1 patients was significantly higher than that of N0 in upper TESCC (x2 =7.905,P ＜0.05).The supraclavicular and intrathoracic lymph nodes recurrence rates of stage N1 patients were significantly higher than that of N0 patients in middle TESCC (x2 =12.506,18.436,P ＜ 0.05).The supraclavicular lymph nodes,anastomosis and abdomen lymph node recurrence rates of stage N1 were significantly higher than that of N0 patients in lower TESCC (x5 =5.272,4.878,18.006,P ＜ 0.05).The anastomotic recurrence rate of stage T3+4 was higher than that of T1+2 in middle/lower TESCC (x2 =4.341,7.154,P ＜ 0.05),and the abdominal lymph nodes recurrence rate of stage T3 +4 was higher than that of T1 +2 in lower TESCC (x2 =5.366,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The lymphatic drainage regions for postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) are selective.We suggest that abdominal lymph nodes drainage area should be noted for the stage N1 patients with upper TESCC,and the supraclavicular lymph nodes drainage area should be noted for the N1 patients with lower TESCC.In addition,the anastomosis is suggested to be included in PORT target area for stage T3/T4 middle/lower TESCC patients.

Objective To compare the prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinona of the upper thoracic esophagus after radical resection with and without postoperative chemoradiotherapy (POCRT).Methods From January 2007 to December 2011,168 patients with upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma who were treated in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively included in this study.According to the different treatment method,they were divided into simple surgery group (86 cases) and POCRT group (82 cases) respectively.Based on SPSS statistical software,the group data composition,prognostic analysis and multivariate prognostic analysis were performed by x2 test,Log-rank method and Cox regression model,respectively.Results The 1,3,5 year-survival rate,recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate were 83.9％,52.4％,43.5％,26.5％,40.8％,43.4％ and 5.3％,11.4％,16.9％,respectively.The result of multivariate analysis showed that gender,T stage,N stage and treatment method were independent prognostic factors of overall survival (P =0.020,0.008,0.005,0.000);N staging and treatment method were the independent prognostic factors of local/regional recurrence (P =0.001,0.003);differentiation and T staging were the independent prognostic factors of distant metastasis (P =0.045,0.020).The intrathoracic regional recurrence rate of operation only group and POCRT group patients were 44.2％ (38/86) and 29.3％ (24/82) respectively,where the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.110,P ＜ 0.05).The rate of metastasis were 19.8％ (17/86) and 13.4％ (11/82) respectively without significant difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusions The recurrence rate of patients with upper thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical resection was still high.Postoperative chemoradiotherapy can improve the overall survival rate and reduce the recurrence rate,but whether it can reduce the patient's distant metastasis rate needs further study.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for abdominal lymph node recurrence after radical surgery in patients with middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TE-SCC),and to design the target volume for postoperative radiotherapy based on the results.Methods A retrospective study was performed among 913 patients with middle TE-SCC undergoing radical surgery who were admitted to our hospital from 2007 to 2012.Influencing factors were analyzed for abdominal lymph node recurrence after treatment.The efficacy was compared between different treatment methods in the high-risk population.Comparison of categorical data was made by chi-square test.The overall survival rates (OS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by the univariate log-rank analysis.The influencing factors for abdominal lymph node recurrence were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression equation.Results After treatment,37 patients had abdominal lymph node recurrence,yielding a recurrence rate of 4.1％.A total of 53 recurrent sites were found.The univariate analysis showed that no/low differentiation,pT3+4 stage,no less than 3 positive postoperative lymph nodes,and positive postoperative abdominal lymph nodes were influencing factors for abdominal lymph node recurrence (P =0.032,0.001,0.009,0.000).The multivariate regression analysis showed that pathological T staging and positive postoperative abdominal lymph nodes were influencing factors for abdominal lymph node recurrence (P=0.011,0.000).For patients with pT3+4 stage disease and positive postoperative abdominal lymph nodes,postoperative radiotherapy improved OS and local control rates but failed to reduce the distant metastasis-free rate.Conclusions T staging and positive postoperative abdominal lymph nodes are important risk factors for abdominal lymph node recurrence after radical surgery in patients with middle TE-SCC.Postoperative adjuvant therapy is recommended for patients with pT3+4 stage disease and positive postoperative abdominal lymph nodes.

Objective To compare the efficacy between different modalities in the treatment of positive lymph nodes after radical resection for squamous cell carcinoma of thoracic esophagus(TESCC),and to explore the best treatment mode. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to calculate survival rates. The log-rank test and Cox model were used for univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses,respectively. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed among 548 patients with TESCC who were admitted to our hospital and had positive lymph nodes after radical resection. The efficacy of different treatment methods was evaluated. Propensity scores(PSM)were used to make 1-to-1 patient matching between different treatment groups to further analyze and figure out the best treatment model for patients. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)rates. The log-rank test was used for survival analysis and univariate prognostic analysis. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results In all patients,the 1-,3-,and 5-year OS rates were 79.9%, 38.1% and 28.5%,respectively,while the 1-,3-,and 5-year DFS rates were 68.5%,39.8% and 32.5%, respectively. After 1-to-1 matching based on PSM,there were no differences in general clinical pathological data between the four groups. After PSM,there were significant differences in 1-,3-,and 5-year OS and DFS rates between the surgery alone group,the postoperative radiotherapy group,the postoperative chemotherapy group,and the postoperative chemoradiotherapy(POCRT)group(P=0.000,0.000).There were significant differences in OS and DFS rates between patients with stage N1,N2,and N3disease(P=0.000,0.000).The result of the Cox multivariate analysis showed that treatment method and N staging were two independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS(P=0.001,0.000,0.025,0.016). Conclusions Patients with positive lymph nodes after radical resection for TESCC have a poor prognosis. Moreover,the prognosis becomes worse with the increase in metastatic lymph nodes. POCRT may improve the survival in those patients. Prospective studies are needed to further confirm those conclusions.

AIM: To investigate the effect and mechanism of hypoxia inducible factor-1α on intestinal mucosal barrier in sepsis. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, sepsis group, sepsis+HIF-1α stimulant (sepsis+DMOG group), sepsis+HIF-1α inhibitor (sepsis+Bay87-2243 group), 6 rats in each group. Sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). The levels of inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, oxidative stress markers MDA and antioxidant factors SOD and CAT were detected by ELISA and the expression of HIF-1α in intestinal mucosa was detected by Western blot. The pathological damage of intestinal mucosa was detected by HE staining. RESULTS: Inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors and HIF-1α were significantly up-regulated in septic rats (P<0.05). The contents of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA in plasma were significantly decreased by intraperitoneal injection of DMOG (P<0.05); the levels of SOD and CAT in plasma were increased (P<0.05), HIF-1α was up-regulated (P<0.05), and the pathological damage of intestinal mucosa was alleviated, with decreased Chiu's score (P<0.05). Oral administration of Bay87-2243 gave the opposite result. CONCLUSION: HIF-1α has a protective effect on intestinal mucosal injury in sepsis. The mechanism may be related to the alleviation of inflammatory response and inhibition of oxidative stress.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an uncommon non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with poor prognosis. This study aimed to depict the genetic landscape of Chinese PCNSLs. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 68 newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSL samples, whose genomic characteristics and clinicopathologic features were also analyzed. Structural variations were identified in all patients with a mean of 349, which did not significantly influence prognosis. Copy loss occurred in all samples, while gains were detected in 77.9% of the samples. The high level of copy number variations was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 263 genes mutated in coding regions were identified, including 6 newly discovered genes (ROBO2, KMT2C, CXCR4, MYOM2, BCLAF1, and NRXN3) detected in ⩾ 10% of the cases. CD79B mutation was significantly associated with lower PFS, TMSB4X mutation and high expression of TMSB4X protein was associated with lower OS. A prognostic risk scoring system was also established for PCNSL, which included Karnofsky performance status and six mutated genes (BRD4, EBF1, BTG1, CCND3, STAG2, and TMSB4X). Collectively, this study comprehensively reveals the genomic landscape of newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSLs, thereby enriching the present understanding of the genetic mechanisms of PCNSL.
Humans ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics* ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology* ; Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Lymphoma/genetics* ; Genomics ; China ; Central Nervous System/pathology* ; Bromodomain Containing Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics*