The term vasculogenic mimicry describes the formation of fluid-conducting channels by highly invasive and genetically dysregulated tumor cells. The molecular mechanisms of vasculogenic mimicry may be associated with phenotypically interconversion, tumor-extracellular matrix interactions and abnormality in signal pathway of tumor cells. It is recently discovered that in hepatocellular carcinoma vasculogenic mimicry may be associated with the invasive and metastatic potential of tumor cells, as well as poor clinical outcome. This article reviews the present research progression of vasculogenic mimicry in hepatocellular carcinoma.

0.05 ). But CD8 +CD28 -T suppressor cells from colitis rats was significantly higher than that from controls (spleen: 11.3% ? 2.3% vs. 5.6% ? 1.0% ; colon: 6.5% ?5.4% vs. 1.1 %? 0.6% , P 0.05 ; colon: 7.5% ? 4.2% vs. 16.9% ? 4.1% , P

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Asthma ; therapy ; Female ; Humans

Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Pharynx ; innervation ; physiopathology ; Sensation

Background Researches showed that microRNA (miRNA) is involved in the pathogenesis and development of many tumors and plays a cancer-suppressing-gene like role or cancer-gene like action.Uveal melanoma (UM) is a common ocular malignant tumor in aduh,and the mechanism of UM pathogenesis and metastasis is still not elucidated.Understanding the differential expression of miRNAs in UM is expected to provide a basis for targeting treatment of UM.Objective This study was to screen and compare the expression profiles of miRNAs in epithelial type and spindle type of UM.Methods The use of specimens of UM and donor eyes was approved by Ethic Commission of Capital Medical University.The specimens of epithelial type (4 specimens) and spindle type (4 specimens) of UM confirmed by histopathology and immunochemistry were collected in Beijing Tongren Hospital from March 2013 to October 2015.The expression profile of miRNA was assayed by miRNA array.Normal uveal specimens were obtained from 8 donors as controls.The differentially expressing miRNAs were screened by intergroup differential folds of ≥2.The genes targeting differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using multiples online software and the potential signal pathway was further analyzed by bioinformatics method.The microarray outcomes were validated by real-time quantitative PCR.Results Spindle cell type and epithelial cell type of UMs were verified by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Immunochemistry showed that HMB45,melanin-A and S-100 were positively expressed in the two types of UM.Compared with the normal uveal tissue,109 differentially expressed miRNAs,including 29 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated miRNAs were seen in the spindle cell type of UM,and in the epithelial cell type of UM,50 differentially expressed miRNAs were found,including 23 up-regulated and 27 down-regulated miRNAs.In spindle cell type of UM,the up-regulated miRNAs were miR-146a-5p,miR-25-3p and miR-29b-l-5p,and down-regulated ones were miR-126-5p,miR-183-5p and miR-96-5p.In epithelial cell type of UM,the up-regulated miRNAs were miR-155-5p,miR-210 and miR-378a-5p,and down-regulated ones were miR-199a-5p,miR-143-3p and miR-143-5p.In addition,the mutual up-regulated miRNA in both spindle cell type of UM and epithelial cell type of UM were miR-132-3p,miR-21-5p,miR-34a-5p and miR-34b-5p,and mutual down-regulated ones were miR-125b-2-3p,miR-126-3p,miR-199a-3p and miR-214-3p.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the targeting genes predicted by differentially expressed miRNAs participated in a number of biological pathways,including cancer-related pathway,mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway,Wnt signal pathway and intercellular adhesion,endocytosis,prostatic cancer,colorectal cancer pathways.Conclusions Many differentially expressed miRNAs exist among spindle cell type of UM,epithelial cell type of UM and normal uveal tissue.These miRNAs participate in or regulate the biological behaviour of UM via different signal pathways.

Objective To study the function of ginsenoside Rg3 on proliferation in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on Cx26 gene expression and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in MCF-7, cultured in vitro. MethodsHuman breast cancer cells MCF-7 was exposed to ginsenoside Rg3 at differential concentrations for 24 h, respectively. The cell proliferation inhibition was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of Cx26 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR in experimental groups and control goup. The GJIC function of MCF-7 cell was examined with scrape-loading dye transfer assay.ResultsHuman breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was exposed to ginsenoside Rg3 at a concentration of 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 μg/ml, respectively.The inhibition ratio was 3.1%, 5.2 %, 16.0 %, 26.3 %, 29.1% respectively after 24 h. Compared with control group, the concentration of 40 μg/ml above could significantly inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation (P ＜0.05), so the experimental groups were exposed to ginsenoside Rg3 at a concentration of 40, 80, 160 μg/ml,respectively. The expression of Cx26 mRNA in every experimental group compared with control group was enhanced when MCF-7 cell was exposed to ginsenoside Rg3 at a higher concentration. It was observed that Lucifer yellow fluorescent staining was limited to a single cell in control group through fluorescent microscope,but Lucifer yellow fluorescent transfered through gap junction cells to neighboring cells, then came into being flake fluorescent staining in experiment groups. ConclusionGinsenoside Rg3 can enhance the expression of Cx26 mRNA in MCF-7 cell and restore the gap junctional intercellular communication, which may be one of important mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg3 in antitumor.

Objective To measure the macular function of the fellow eye in patients with unilateral retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods A total of 24 cases of unilateral RVO were diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),and multifocal ERG (mfERG) was recorded by RETI scan.The mfERG data of 24 fellow eyes of those RVO patients,and 18 normal control eyes were analyzed and compared.The parameters included the amplitude density,latency of the P1 and N1 wave in 6 concentric circles and 4quadrants of the mfERG graphics.Results The amplitude densities of P1 and N1 wave in first and second concentric circles of RVO fellow eyes were significantly lower than normal eyes (t=4.520,2.147;P＜0.05).There was no significant difference (P＞0.05) of P1/N1 latency in any concentric circles or quadrants between RVO fellow eyes and normal eyes.Conclusion The central fovea of the RVO fellow eyes was functionally impaired.

Objective To study the persistence and replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in Epstein Barr virus (EBV) transforming peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from patients with he patitis C as well as variation of hypervariable regions (HVR) of the HCV genome. Methods PBMC from one patient with hepatitis C was infected by EBV and then transformed into lymphoblasts capable of being propagated indefinitely. Then, HCV RNA of the cultured cells and supernatants was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) every month and in situ PCR to identify the location of HCV RNA in the cells. The HVR genome sequences of HCV in the first and the ninth month subculture cells were identified by sequence analysis. Results HCV plus strand RNA could be detected in the cultured cells for as long as 1 year. The HCV plus strand RNA could be identified in supernatants and the minus strand RNA were also observed in the cultured cells intermittently. In situ PCR showed that the blue black positive signals of HCV RNA located mainly in cytoplasmas of EBV transforming B cell but negative in nucleous. The positive signal was not found in negative control cells by in situ RT PCR. HCV HVR genome sequence after half year was found to have two regions of a high degree of variability in 1491 to 1583 nucleotide (384 to 414 amino acid) and 1761～1781 nucleotide (473 to 479 amino acid). But, compared the HCV HVR genome sequence in first month subcultured cells with that in ninth month, there was not significant difference. Conclusion HCV may exist in the cultured cell line for a prolonged period wihtout HVR genome sequence changed.

Objective To investigate the role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-Ⅰ , ⅠⅠ , platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF)-AA,-BB and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in various stages of the pulmonary development in rats. Methods All lung tissues of fetal and neonatal rats were collected at the gestational age 18, 20, 21 d, and 1, 4, 7, 10 and 21 d after birth. The expression of IGF-Ⅰ , IGF- ⅠⅠ , PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. The levels of IGF- Ⅰ , IGF-ⅠⅠ , PDGF-A, PDGF-B and KGF mRNA were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The peak expression of IGF-Ⅰ was at 4, 7 and 10 d after birth. IGF-ⅠⅠ was detectable early in fetal lung development and decreased gradually until 21 d after birth. The changes of IGF- Ⅰ , ⅠⅠ mRNA were similar to IGF- Ⅰ , ⅠⅠ polypeptides. The PDGF-A,PDGF-B mRNA were abundant early in fetal lung development. The steady state of PDGF-A chain mRNA was significantly different only at 7 d (0. 97?0. 23,P0. 05). The PDGF-AA polypeptide was abundant early in fetal lung development, and the expression peak was found in 1, 4 and 7 d after birth. KGF mRNA was higher in the fetal samples than that of rats after birth, but no difference in postnatal rats at all time points. Conclusions Peptide growth factors may play a critical role in the development of lung in rats.

Objective To evaluate and compare two definitions for metabolic syndrome(MS)issued by International Diabetes Federation(IDF)and by Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Branch(CDS).Methods An epidemic survey and physical examination were conducted among 481 subjects randomly selected from 3 354 subjects(above 40 years old)by cluster sampling.Results The prevalence rate of MS by IDF or by CDS definition were 40.96% and 38.05%,respectively.Kappa value was 0.51,P0.01).Metabolic disorder ratio for above 3 items by IDF was higher than that of CDS criterion.Conclusion The IDF diagnostic criterion for MS and CDS are in good accordance and applicability.The MS diagnostic criterion of IDF is better at diagnosing centricity obesity than that of CDS.