Objective To investigate the factors in association with colorectal disorders in adult recipients of liver allograft. Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out with clinical, microbiological and management data regarding diarrhea in 218 adult recipients of liver allograft from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2006. Results Of the 218 patients, 68(31.2%) of them, who did not history of ulcerative colitis, were found to have diarrhea after orthotopic liver transplantation. Among these 68 patients, diarrhea was probably caused by administration of immunosuppressive agents in 35 cases (51.4%), in 12 cases (17.6%) diarrhea was antibiotics associated, and in 5 cases (7.4%) it was due to intraperitoneal infection. The other pathogenic factors included fungal infection in 3 cases (4.4%), cytomegalovirus infection in 3 cases (4.4%), Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy in 8 cases (11.8%) and some other unknown problem related in 2 cases (2.9%). Diarrhea occurred soon after transplantation in most cases. Of the 68 patients, the symptom of diarrhea occurred in the first 2 months in 45 cases (66.2%), and in the next 4 months in 23 cases (33.8%), i.e. the symptoms occurred 5-180 days after transplantation. Conclusion Immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, fungal infection and cytomegalovirus infection are the top four common causes of diarrhea after orthotopic liver transplantation. The outcome is good with appropriate conservative management.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ),which is an important protein kinase involved in learning and memory,is found in most tissues,but it is present in especially high concentrations in neurons.The relatively high expression of CaMKⅡin nervous system suggests it plays an im-portant role in the function of nervous system.This paper re-views the research development of the molecular structure of CaMKⅡ and its autophosphorylation,subcellular localization and its role in synaptic plasticity.

Objective To investigate the change of serum alpha-L-fucosidase(AFU)and its correlation with the blood glucose and lipid level in small for gestational age(SGA)fetuses. Methods 125 SGA fetuses and 128 fetuses in appropriate for gestational age(AGA)with wet lung were treated in our hospital and were investigated as case control study. The serum of AFU ,blood glucose and lipid were measured and compared within 24 hours after birth in these 2 groups. Results Comparing with the AGA infants ,the SGA babies had lower level of serum AFU,high density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B(P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the serum AFU level has positive correlation with blood glucose,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein, low density lipoproteinand apolipoprotein A(P < 0.05),while it has negative correlation with serum triglycerides in SGA(P<0.05). Conclusions The SGA infants have lower level of serum AFU and lipid metabolic disorders after birth,and its serum AFU level has correlation with its blood glucose and lipid level.

Objective To observe the effects of ulinastatin on the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the lung tissues of rats with acute lung injmy induced by phosgene, and to explore the mechanism of ulinastafin in treating acute lung injury. Method Sixty-four clean grade healthy male SD rots were randomly divided(random number) into eight groups with eight in each group. Group A1 in which rats were exposed to air. Group A2 in which rots wereexposed to air and treated with saline. Group A3 in which rats were exposed to air and treated with dexamethasone. Group A4 in which mrs were exposed to air and treated with ulinastatin. Group B1 in which rots were exposed to phosgene without treatment. Group B2 in which rats were exposed to phosgene and treated with saline. Group B3 in which rats were exposed to phosgene and treated with dexamethasone. Group B4 in which rats were exposed to phosgene and treated with ulinastatin. The expressions of TNF-α in the lung tissues were measured by using immunohistocheistry. Lung tissues were observed grossly and under 200-fold light microscope to identify the positive expressions in kytoplasm. Results In group B1 and group B2, the wet weight, dry weight and wet/dry weight ratio og right lower lobe of lung were higher thai those in group A1 and group A4( P <0.01 ), and those in group B4 and group B3 were significantly lower than those in group B1(P<0.01 ), but still higher than those in group A1 and A4(P<0.01). The gross observation suggested that the surfaces of lung tissues in group A1and group A2 were slick and rose pink without congestion, dropsy or infarction; the surfaces of lung tissue in groups B1 and B2 appeared with congestion, dropsy and many petechia. The surfaces of lung tissue in groups B3 and B4 were similar to those in groups B1 and B2. Under the light microscope, the structure, of lungs in groups A1 and A2 were clear without congestion, effusion or inflammatory cell infiltration. In groups B1 and B2, the engorgement of lung capillary vessels, congestion and tiny thrombosis were found and there abundant edematous fluid and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung stroma and alveolus with focal pulmonary atelectasis in some lung tissue section. The tissues in groups B3 and B4 showed congestion, dropsy, tiny thrombosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, but these changes were slighter than those in groups B1 and B2. The expressions of TNF-α in groups B1, B2, B3, and B4 were significantly higher thanthose in groups A1 and A2( P < 0.01 ), but the expressions of TNF-α IN group B4 was lower than that in groups B1 and B2(P<0.01). Conclusions Ulinastatin could lessen the lung injury by reducing the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α.

AIM: To observe the influence of the selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) and caecosomy/colonic irrigation on gut endotoxin/bacteria translocation following acute severe pancreatitis (ASP). METHODS: Twenty three pigs weighing 16-22 kg were divided into four groups. Group I (n=5): sham-control; Group Ⅱ (n=6): ASP-control; Group Ⅲ (n=6): gntamicin [(8.55?10~5?5.70?10~4) units/time] and nystatin [(1.37?10~5?9.00?10~3) units/time] were fed orally every 8 h for 1 week before the induction of ASP; Group Ⅳ (n=6): caecostomy was performed before the induction of ASP. ASP was induced by infecting 1 mL/kg BW of combined solution of 5% sodium taurocholate and (8-10)?10~6 BAEE units/L of trypsin into pancreas via pancreatic duct. Systemic plasma endotoxin levels were quantified by the chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) technique. Specimens of tissue from mesenteriolum and mesocolon lymph nodes, lung, lymph nodes in hilus pulmonis, pancreas and the samples of both portal and systemic blood were collected before and at 72 h following ASP and cultured for aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria growth. Positive specimens were subcultured and the bacteria identified by standard procedure. RESULTS: Preventive SDD not only effectively reduced the amount of bacteria in stool (P

Objective To study the diagnostic value of thin-slice reconstruction of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT) in solitary pulmonary nodule(SPN).Methods 55 cases of SPN confirmed by pathology were analysed retrospectively.All cases underwent chest MSCT scan and thin-slice reconstruction images were obtained at 10.0 mm,5.0 mm,2.5 mm and 1.25 mm thickness.The detecting rate of CT findings of SPN on different thickness CT images was evaluated,and the effect of thin-slice images and traditional CT scan in diagnosing benign and malignant pulmonary nodules ?2 test.Results(1)In detecting rate of CT findings of SPN,the thin-slice(1.25 mm) reconstruction was better than traditional CT(P

This study was aimed to observe the protective effect of extract from Rhizoma A nemones Raddeanae (RAR) on hepatic fibrosis induced by porcine serum in rats. A total of 68 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, which were the normal group, model group, RAR group, extraction of RAR (EXRAR) group, Fu-Zheng Hua-Y u(FZHY) group. Each rat was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5~0.6 ml of porcine serum twice a week for 15 suc-cessive weeks to establish liver fibrosis model. Intragastric administration was given after the model was successfully established. The FZHY group was given FZHY capsule (0.525 g·kg-1). The RAR group was given RAR decoction (0.7 g·kg-1). The EXRAR group was given EXRAR (0.071 g·kg-1). The model group and normal group were given e-qual amount of physiological saline. The medication was given once a day. And the treatment course was 8 weeks. At the end of the 23th week, rats were sacrificed. Contents of SOD and MDA in blood serum were assayed. The protein expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in liver tissues were detected by SABC. The results showed that compared with the model group, content of MDA decreased in the EXRAR group, RAR group and FZHY group (P<0.05), and content of SOD increased obviously (P<0.05). In the model group, expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 increased, with dark brown dyeing and diffusion area. Expression area and strength of the FZHY group, RAR group, and EXRAR group were ob-viously weak with tasteless interval dyeing and no formation of typical pseudolobule in comparison with the model group. The color rendering index showed that compared with the model group, the protein expression of α-SMA and TGF-β1 decreased obviously in liver tissues of the FZHY group, EXRAR group, and RAR group (P< 0.05). It was concluded that RAR and its extract had a good antifibrosis effect. And the EXRAR had basically the same antifibrosis effect as RAR. It was assumed that the possible mechanism was related with the inhibiting of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and the expression of TGF-β1 as well as the resisting of lipid peroxidation.

Chronic microinflammatory state is common in the patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), which seriously affects the long-term survival rate of MHD patients. It is important to improve the microinflammatory state in MHD patients.

Objective To analyze the status of reference intervals (RIs) of complete blood cell count (CBC) in China and compare them with the published standards.Methods The RIs information of CBC (containing the items of WBC,RBC,Hb,HCT,MCV,MCH,MCHC and PLT) were collected by the External Quality Assessment (EQA)software from laboratories participated in the Second Complete Blood Cell Count EQA Program in 2013,which including the sources of RIs,the lower and upper limits of RIs and the validation information of RIs.The sources and validation information of RIs were analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2007 using all data except those from maternal and child care service center,children's hospital and corporations.The outliers of limits of RIs were excluded according to the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry(IFCC)guidelines,then data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0.The mean of the upper and lower limits of the RIs were compared with the published standards by the t-test.Results Totally 299 (57.72％) of 518 laboratories reported were using RIs according to National Clinical Laboratory Operation Rules,while 112(26.62％)labs were using RIs from instrument/reagent manufacturer instructions,411 (80.00％)labs did not validate the RIs they used,of which 258 (50.00％) did not know how to validate RIs.The deviation of the maximum and the minimum ranged from 16％ to 70％.More than one third laboratories did not separate RIs of RBC,Hb and HCT according to the gender.The upper and lower limits of WBC and MCV of most laboratories were higher,while those of RBC(male/female),PLT and Hb(male) were lower than that from the published standard.The RIs of MCH was narrower than that from the published standard.Meanwhile,HCT,MCHC (male/female) and Hb (female) were near the upper and lower limits of published standards.Conclusions At present,the RIs of CBC used in laboratories is chaotic,which is significantly different from the published standard.On the basis of standardization,the RIs of published standard result from a multi-center study in Chinese people should be preferred.

Objective To explore the effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the hyperoxia-induced lung injury in premature rats. Methods Forty-eight premature Wistar rats were randomized into two groups 12 hours after birth:hyperoxia group (n=24) inhaled 95%oxygen and control group (n=24) inhaled air. Eight rats were sacriifced in each group on day 1, 3, 7 after the treatment and the left lungs were embedded. The pathological changes in the HE stained sections of lung tissues were observed. The expressions of ER related protein ERp57 and c/EBP homologous protein CHOP were detected by immuno histo-chemistry and the apoptosis of lung cells was detected by TUNEL analysis. Results The typical pathological characteristics of acute lung injury were observed in hyperoxia group. The expressions of ERp57 and CHOP were increased with the exposure time in hyperoxia group, and were signiifcantly higher than in control group (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of lung cells in hyperoxia group was signiifcantly higher than in control group (P<0.01). There was signiifcant positive correlation between cell apoptosis index and expressions of Erp57 and c/EBP homogeneous protein. Conclusions ER stress initiated apoptosis participates and plays an important role in the process of hyperoxia-induced lung injury in premature rats.