Objective To evaluate the changes of the level of cerebrospinal fluid T-tau protein andβ-amyloid 42 in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Methods Computer retrieval was preformed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to-tal tau protein (T-tau) and β-amyloid 42 (Aβ 42) levels among MCI and healthy people in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, CNKI, VIP Data and Wangfang Data. Meta-analyses were conducted on the T-tau and Aβ42 levels using Review Manager 5.2 software. Results Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis results showed that, CSF T-tau protein levels were significantly higher (MD:113.10;95%CI:87.93-138.26) and Aβ42 levels were significantly lower in the patients with MCI, (MD=-146.50;95%CI=-178.70- -114.29) compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conclu-sions T-tau significantly increases while Aβ42 significantly decreases in the CSF in patients with MCI.

Current materials used for maxillofacial prostheses are far from ideal,and how to develop a final prosthetics material is a significant topic in the research of maxillofacial prostheses.In this paper,some pertinent research of silicone elastomeric materials,such as mechanical properties and colorant are reviewed.

Dengzhan Shengmai capsule, as a compound Chinese patent medicine, consists of four herbs: Herba Erigerontis, Ginseng, Ophiopogon, and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, and contains significant components of flavonoids, lignans, saponins, and organic acids. It is widely used clinically to treat cerebrovascular diseases such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and dementia with remarkable efficacy. This study proposes a research strategy for multi-component traditional Chinese medicine metabolites based on prediction databases and unfolds the analysis using Dengzhan Shengmai capsule as an example. Using the UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method, the analytical method was established and detected biological samples such as urine, feces, and bile of rats before and after administration based on the prediction of theoretical metabolites of Dengzhan Shengmai capsule. The possible secondary fragment ion information of metabolites was identified by comparing the detected results with prediction databases. The metabolites were identified based on the archetypal component mass spectrometric cleavage law and multistage mass spectrometric data. 51 metabolites, mainly flavonoid, organic acid, and lignan constituents, were finally identified from rat biosamples based on 306 theoretical metabolites of Dengzhan Shengmai capsule. This study provides a new strategy for the identification of metabolites in vivo and the analysis of metabolic pathways of TCM. The study complied with the procedures established by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and passed the animal experiment ethics examine (No. 00003645).

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) for determining fracture probabilities in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out on 153 type 2 diabetic patients aged over 50 years undergoing dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements.Fracture risk factors including age,gender,height,weight,body mass index,history of previous fragility fractures,parental history of hip fracture,history of smoking,excessive drinking,long-term use of steroid hormone,history of rheumatoid arthritis,the history of secondary osteoporosis diseases,and femoral neck T-score of bone mineral density (BMD) were recorded.FRAX scores with BMD (FRAX/BMD) and without BMD (FRAX/-) were calculated.Therapeutic interventions were recommended if the 10-year risk of fractures was more than 3％ for hip osteoporotic fractures and more than 20％ for other major fractures.Subjects were separated into the identical treatment recommendation group and the different treatment recommendation.Fracture risk factors were compared between groups.Results 133 (6.9 ％) patients had identical fracture risk predictions in the FRAX calculation,regardless of whether BMD join in or not.Age,gender and femoral neck T scores had significant differences between the two groups (all P＜0.001),while other risk factors had no statistical differences between the two groups (all P＞0.05).Conclusions In most middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes,the FRAX/-provides the same prediction as FRAX/BMD value for predicting fracture risk,which shows that fracture risks can be predicted without bone density examination.The FRAX/-has higher predictive values on fracture for people who are younger,male,and has higher BMD.

AIM: To investigate the effect and the mechanism of apolipoprotein (a) [apo (a) ] on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMCs). METHODS: All VSMCs used in experiments were serial subcultured from primary cells and were identified by immunohistochemistry staining of a - actin. Cell growth assay was observed as cell counting and MTT assay. Western blotting was also employed to detect the related mechanism. RESULTS: All cells used in experiments were confirmed as VSMCs. Although apo (a) enhanced VSMCs proliferation, this effect was attenuated by anti -integrin α_vβ_3, LM609.Use these reagents alone had no effect on VSMCs growth. The results of Western blotting demonstrated that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was activated by apo (a) and the expression of total or phosphorylated transforming growth factor β_1 (TGF -β_1) was also decreased. However, these effects described above were all blocked by LM609.CONCLUSION: Apolipoprotein (a) enhances VSMCs proliferation and this effect is mediated by integrin α_vβ_3, which activates FAK and attenuates TGF - β_1 and phospho -TGF - β_1 expression.

Objective To study the incidence of osteopenia in patients with initial systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Investigate the levels of the vitamin D (VitD) endocrine system in peripheral blood of SLE patients and its relation to bone mineral density (BMD). Analyse the relationship between the estrogen receptor (ER) and BMD and evaluate the role of ER in the pathogenesis osteopenia. Methods Serum levels of 25-OH VitD_3 and 1,25-(OH)_2 VitD_3 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The gene expression levels of VitD receptor (VDR) and ER were determined by real-time PCR. BMD measurements in the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and left proximal femur (femoral neck) were performed using dual X-ray absorptiometry before treatment. Results The initial SLE patients had significantly lower BMD values, and higher frequency of bone loss at both sites of measurement compared with normal controls (P < 0. 05). The levels of 25-OH VitD_3 and 1,25-(OH)_2 VitD3 were lower in the initial SLE patients than normal controls(P<0.01 both). There is no difference in the levels of 25-OH VitD_3 and 1,25-(OH)_2 VitD_3 between the osteopenia SLE group and the normal BMD SLE group (P > 0. 05, P > 0. 05). There are no correlations between the Vitd and BMD in initial SLE patients (P>0.05 both). The expressions of VDR gene were significantly increased in the initial SLE patients compared with the normal controls(P<0.01). There was no difference in VDR gene expression between osteopenia SLE group and normal BMD SLE group (P>0.05). The VDR gene expression does not correlate with the bone mass (P>0.05). The levels of ER-β gene expression are higher in the initial SLE group than the normal controls (P<0.01).Conclusions The incipient SLE patients may have lower BMD than expected. SLE patients present abnormal VitD endocrine system and higher ER-β mRNA expression than those in normal controls, but these weren't concerned with osteopenia.

Objective ① To investigate the level of the vitamin D endocrine system in peripheral relationships with bone mineral density (BMD) and the disease activity respectively. Methods The level of the 25-hydroxylate vitamin D3 (25OHD3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)D3] in plasma from 43 SLE patients and 44 normal controls were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression was determinied by real-time PCR in peripheral blood. BMD measurements in the lumbar spine (L1-4) and left proximal femur (femoral neck) were performed using dual X-ray absorptiometry before treatment. The relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and the bone mass were studied. We also discussed the relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and the disease activity. Results The levels of 25OHD3 and 1,25 (OH)2D3 were lower in the initial SLE patients than normal controls (P<0.01, P<0.01). The expressions of VDR gene were significantly increased in initial SLE compared with normal controls (P<0.01). The initial SLE patients had significantly lower BMD values, and higher frequency of osteopenia (35%) at both sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls (P<0.01). The initial SLE patients were divided into two groups by BMD, abnormal group and normal group. There were no differences in 25OHD3, 1,25 (OH)D3 and VDR gene expression (P0.05). There was no correlation between the vitamin D endocrine system and BMD in initial SLE patients. There was no correlation between the vitamin D endocrine system and the disease activity either. Conclusion Vitamin D endocrine system may play an important role in SLE, but the level of VDR gene is not correlated with BMD and disease activity.

OBJECTIVETo explore the operation methods and clinical effects of transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament in treating complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to June 2012,26 patients with acute complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation underwent surgery. Transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional clavical hoot plate and Kirschner wires fixation, were performed in all the patients. Among the patients, 18 patients were male and 8 patients were female, with an average age of 36.7 years old (ranged from 25 to 51 years). The duration from injury to operation was from 3 to 12 days with an average of 5 days. According to the Rockwood classification, 4 cases were grade III and 22 cases were grade V . Clinical manifestation included local swelling, tenderness with snapping, limitation of shoulder joint motion. In preoperative bilateral shoulder joint X-rays, the injured coracoclavicular distance was (16.2 ± 5.0) mm which was significantly wider than that of uninjured sides (7.6 ± 1.0) mm. Clinical results were evaluated according to X-rays and Constant-Murley score.

RESULTSAll incisions obtained primary healing after operation without complication of infection, internal fixation breakage, redislocation. All the patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of 18 months. Kirschner wires and internal fixation plate were removed at 1 month and 8-10 months after operation, respectively. At final follow-up, the motion of shoulder joint recovered to normal and a no pain joint was obtained. According to Constant-Murley score, 24 cases got excellent results and 2 cases good. There was no significant difference after operation between the injured coracoclavicular distance and the uninjured contralateral side [(7.7 ± 1.2) mm vs (7.6 ± 1.0) mm), P > 0.05].

CONCLUSIONTransfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional fixation using hook plate and Kirschner wires is the effective surgical method in treating complete acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Ligaments, Articular ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To discuss the important role of undergraduate students' social practice in medical education.Methods Questionnaires on social practice activity were answered by medical students,and the characteristics and shortages of social practice were analyzed.The development policy was proposed after expert inquiry and comparison with other universities. Results Undergraduate students' social practice in School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University presentd the four characteristics: positive participation,obvious characteristic,abundance items,and wide range of services.But there were insufficiencies in form of action,multiplication of selected topic,socialized operation method,and time arrangement. Conclusion The results suggest that further improvement is necessary in the service quality,advance in the activities' pertinence,development in innovation ability,and enhancement in base construction and support system.

An organic solvent tolerant isolate A213 originating from soil samples were successfully isolated via direct plating method using 10g/L of toluene as the sole carbon source and transparent cycle plate assay method.It was identified as Yarrowia based on its characteris- tics.The results in shake flask cultivation showed that the suitable tipase producing media were(g/L):yeast extract 40,vegetable oil 10, MgSO_4?7H_2O1,KH_2PO_4 5.Under optimal culture conditions (27℃and pH 6.5 ),the maximal lipase activity could reach 67.8 IU/ mL The optimal pH and temperature for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate by crude lipase were pH6.5 and 40℃The enzyme was sta- ble under 70℃and pH 5.5～8.5.Then isolate A213 was found to produce the lipase which can synthesize L-ascorbyl palmitate in tert-amyl alcohol validated by the thin-layer chromatography.