Animals ; Chronic Disease ; drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends ; Primary Prevention ; methods

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of repaglinide and gliclazide in the treatment of elderly type 2 di-abetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods:A total of 225 T2DM patients with the age over 60 were enrolled and randomly divided into repa-glinide group (n=112) and gliclazide group (n=113). The repaglinide group was given repaglinide 0. 5~2 mg, po, tid, while the gliclazide group was given gliclazide modified release tablets 30~120 mg, po, qd,both with the treatment course of 12 weeks. The level of FPG, 2h PG, HbAlC, TC and TG and the side effects were observed and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results:The level of FPG, 2h PG, HbAlc and TC in the two groups showed significant decrease after the treatment (P<0. 01 or P<0. 05), and the level of 2h PG was decreased more significantly in the repaglinide group (P<0. 05). There were no significant differ-ences in the total effective rate (91. 8% vs 86. 2%), hypoglycemia incidence (4. 5% vs 8. 2%) and ADR incidence (6. 4% vs 10. 1%) in the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Both repaglinide and gliclazide show safe and reliable efficacy in the treatment of elderly T2DM.

Objective To investigate the usage of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs),epileptic seizures,pregnancy outcomes and infant feeding practices among pregnant women with epilepsy,and provide scientific evidence for eugenics.Methods The clinical characteristics of 350 pregnant women with epilepsy from Shaanxi Provincial Epilepsy & Pregnancy Register from October 2012 to July 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 350 patients with 376 pregnancies were included in the final analysis.Among 376 pregnancies,272 pregnancies (72.3％) were under the treatment of AEDs.Of them,246 pregnancies (90.4％) were on monotherapy,26 (9.6％) on polytherapy.Only patients during 179 pregnancies (47.6％) took folic acid in the first trimester.Seizure frequency increased in patients during 123 pregnancies (32.7％),of whom patients during 43 pregnancies (35.0％) did not use AEDs.Although other patients during 80 pregnancies (65.0％) took AEDs,regular pharmacokinetic monitoring was absent.A total of 170 pregnancies (45.2％) attained seizure-free.Seizure frequency decreased in 42 pregnancies (11.2％) and remained unchanged in 24 pregnancies (6.4％).The rates of cesarean section and natural delivery were 43.8％ (158/361) and 56.2％ (203/361),respectively.Totally 4.5％ (17/376) pregnancies had adverse pregnancy outcome,and 1.9％ (7/376) had fetal malformations.The most common congenital malformation was heart malformation,which was observed in two offspring.One offspring developed dysostosis,one developed chromosome abnormality,and another developed cerebellum deformity.In addition,one twin developed conjoined deformities.Breastfeeding rate was 52.6％ (190/361).Conclusions In Shaanxi province,AEDs compliance,pharmacokinetic monitoring and usage rate of folic acid still need to be improved in pregnant women with epilepsy.Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-OOC-16009277

?AlM: To investigate the expression of miR-181 in the lens tissue of cataract and the regulating mechanism of miR-181 on apoptosis of human lens epithelial cell.
?METHODS:Real time q-PCR was used to measure the expression of miR-181 in the anterior lens capsules of age - related cataract and human lens epithelial cell apoptosis model. miR- 181 mimic and inhibitor were transfected using Lipofectamine 2 000 to regulate the expression of miR-181, and then Real time q-PCR was used to verify transfection efficiency. Flow cytometry was used to detect the change of cell apoptosis rate.
? RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of miR-181 was significantly higher in both the anterior lens capsules of age-related cataract and human lens epithelial cell apoptosis model; the relative expression of miR-181 in lens epithelial cells transfected with miR-181 mimic was increased, whereas decreased in cells transfected with miR-181 inhibitor;the apoptosis rate of cells transfected with miR - 181 mimic was increased, while reduced in miR-181 inhibitor group. Each result was statistically significant (P<0. 01).
?CONCLUSlON:High expression of miR-181 is detected in anterior lens capsule of age-related cataract. miR-181 might play a certain role in the pathogenesis of cataract via promoting human lens epithelial cell apoptosis. miR-181 probably becomes a new approach for the nonoperative treatment of cataract, but the concrete mechanism still needs to be further studied.

To explore the correlation between the ecological factors and the contents of podophyllotoxin and total lignans in root and rhizome of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, podophyllotoxin in 87 samples (from 5 provinces) was determined by HPLC and total lignans by UV. A correlation and regression analysis was made by software SPSS 16.0 in combination with ecological factors (terrain, soil and climate). The content determination results showed a great difference between podophyllotoxin and total lignans, attaining 1.001%-6.230% and 5.350%-16.34%, respective. The correlation and regression analysis by SPSS showed a positive linear correlation between their contents, strong positive correlation between their contents, latitude and annual average rainfall within the sampling area, weak negative correlation with pH value and organic material in soil, weaker and stronger positive correlations with soil potassium, weak negative correlation with slope and annual average temperature and weaker positive correlation between the podophyllotoxin content and soil potassium.
Berberidaceae ; chemistry ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Climate ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ecosystem ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Podophyllotoxin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Soil ; chemistry ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo testify the TCM theory on "qi-stagnation causes blood stasis" and explore the method of using adrenaline to establish an acute and chronic blood stasis animal model.

METHODSWistar rats were divided into 5 groups, the blank group (un-modeled), the model group A (modeled with once subcutaneous injection of 0.1% adrenaline), the model group B (modeled with once a day of subcutaneous injection of 0.01% adrenalinei for consecutive seven days), the Salvia group (treated with salvia after modeling) and the Chuanxiong group (treated with Chuanxiong after modeling). The model was established by simulating the anger and anxious status to form acute and chronic blood stasis model respectively and the treatments of Salvia and Chuanxiong was used to testify the syndrome type. Hemorrheologic parameters of the rats were measured.

RESULTSCompared with that in the blank group, the low sheared rate of whole blood viscosity increased, and the RBC deformability and aggregation index raised in both model group A and B (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with that in Group A, in the Salvia group, the in vitro thrombus lengthened (P < 0.01), with its dry weight, wet weight increased (P < 0.01) after treatment, but the above-mentioned parameters in the Chuanxiong group were not changed at all.

CONCLUSIONOne time large dosage and multiple times of small dosage adrenaline subcutaneous injection to simulate angry and anxious status could produce blood stasis animal model. This fact provides an experimental basis for "Qi stagnation causes blood stasis" theory in TCM.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation Disorders ; chemically induced ; Blood Viscosity ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Fourteen psychrotrophic bacteria were isolated from swamp soil collected in Ruoergai plateau wetland,and their generation time and degrading ability of livestock wastewater CODcr was determined.The results showed that the generation time was within 4.9 h to 11.6 h.Based on the generation time,9 psychro-trophic strains(NLJ1,NLJ6,NLJ7,NLJ9,NLJ10,NLJ11,NLJ12,NLJ13 and NLJ14),whose generation time was within 4.9 h to 5.6 h,were chosen to treat livestock wastewater.The results suggested that these 9 strains had different CODcr disposal ability when treating livestock wastewater singly at 6?C for 6 h,and strains NLJ6,NLJ7,NLJ9,NLJ10,NLJ11 and NLJ13 had good ability to degrade livestock wastewater,the CODcr degrading rate was about 60%~70%,hence,they were used as high efficient strains;However,the CODcr degrading rate of the other strains was less than 50%.After inoculating mixture culture of these six strains into the distilled livestock wastewater,after 6 h's treating,the CODcr degrading rate reached to 85.42%.Furthermore,activated sludge collected from Yaan,Dujiangyan and Chengdu were inoculated by the mixture culture of those six strains,and used to treat livestock wastewater for 6 h.The results showed that the average CODcr degrading rate was 81.67%,76.32% and 70.56%,respectively;Variance analysis showed that there was no significant differentiation between each treatment,which revealed that those six psychrotrophic strains had good adaptability to different source of activated sludge.

Objective As brucellosis epidemic is constantly rising in Harbin in recent years,we analyze the epidemic and surveillance results at municipal surveillance spots of brucellosis from 2008 to 2012,to find out the epidemic characteristics of Harbin brucellosis,and to provide scientific evidences for development of countermeasures.Methods Brucellosis surveillance data which were collected from the National Diseases Surveillance Information Management System from 2008 to 2010,the epidemic characteristics of Harbin brucellosis (including regional,time and population distribution) and the municipal surveillance results in Harbin (including epidemiological investigation and serological surveillance) were analyzed.Results A total of 1348 cases of brucellosis were reported in Harbin from 2008 to 2012,and the incidence of brucellosis increased from 1.79 per 100 000 to 4.62 per 100 000; in addition to Pingfang District (2008-2011) and Fangzheng County(2009 and 2011),all eighteen districts (counties or cities) in Harbin had reported epidemic in the past five years,the highest incidence was in Yilan (382 cases),and the incidence was significantly increased in Shuangcheng(111 cases) and Binxian(73 cases) in 2012; the time of onset focused on March to July,which accounted for 62.54％(843/1348) of annual incidence; age distribution,mainly young adults aged 30 to 60(71.59％,965/1348); gender distribution predominantly male (75.45％,1017/1348) ; occupational distribution farmers(84.87％,1144/1348),and the number of infected students and house workers were also high in the past five years(4.23％,57/1348 and 2.52％,34/1348).In the municipal surveillance spots from 2008 to 2012,13 010 cases were surveyed,of which 2695 cases received serological test,the positive rate was 3.93％ (106/2695),and the positive rate was increasing year by year.Conclusions The incidence of Harbin brucellosis is increasing year by year,onset season mainly in the spring and summer,young men with a high incidence,and farmers are main professional people.Brucellosis has also occurred among students,domestic workers,which should be vigilant.Therefore,we should further strengthen surveillance,timely analyze and report the epidemic,and provide a scientific basis to ensure each measure of eliminating the sources of infection put in place,vigorously develop health education,strengthen inter-departments cooperation,and control the spread of epidemic.

Objective To investigate the value of three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in assessment of left ventricular (LV) strains. Methods Thirty healthy young adults examined by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) and 3D-STI. And the results of LV measurements were compared, which included mean peak systolic longitudinal strains, radial strains and circumferential strains. Also, the time consumption of these two methods was compared. Results The time needed for 3D-STI in acquisition and analysis of the images were (309.3±23.4)s, (305.5±11.2)s, while the time for 2D-STI were (490.6±14.4)s, (1261.4±39.9)s. The differences were signiifcant(t=-21.81, 69.94, both P<0.01). The global mean peak systolic radial strains was (48.59±7.68)%by 3D-STI and (33.25±7.27)%by 2D-STI. The difference was signiifcant(t=9.16, P<0.01). The global mean peak systolic longitudinal and circumferential strains were (-17.66±3.14)%, (-17.13±2.29)% by 3D-STI and (-21.35±2.46)%, (-21.97±3.84)% by 2D-STI. The differences were signiifcant(t=5.33, 5.99, both P < 0.01). The 3D-STI strains were different at different levels of LV. The longitudinal, circumferential and radial 3D-STI strains were largest at middle levels. However, 2D-STI strains didn′ t show such trend. Peak strains measured by 3D-STI and 2D-STI showed high inter-observer and intra-observer agreement in Bland-Altman chart. Conclusion 3D-STI is a novel, convenient and reproducible method to evaluate the strains of LV.

Objectives To discuss the clinical characteristic, cause and measures to prevention and control of nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods Retrospectively analyzed an nosocomial infection outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae in NICU. Results From Sept. 3, 2010 to Oct. 3, 2010, there were 7 cases of hospital infection in 12 cases of sputum cultured Klebsiella Pneumoniae. The gestational age (GA) of 7 hospital infection cases was 28.5±2.6 week. The birth weight of infection cases was 941.4±309.8 g. The onset of infection was at 31.7±12.8 d of hospitalization. The nosocomial incidence was 2.41%in the hospital, which was 5.79%in preterm infants, 50.00%in GA<28w infants, and 42.86%in extremely low birth weight infant (ELBW). All sputum culture results were displayed as multi-drug resistant of Klebsiella pneumoniae, penicillin and third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic resistance rate of 75%to 100%. The resistance rates to penicillin and cephem antibiotics were 75% -100%, carbapenems was 58.3%, piperacillin/tazobactam was 25.0%. All nosocomial patients were cured. Conclusions GA<28w and ELBW infants are at increased risk of nosocomial infection in NICU. The emergence of carbapenems resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae has been increasing with the widespread use of carbapenems. Hospital infection can be controlled by standardized medical behavior, which can decline the nosocomial infection incidence and mortality of preterm infants in NICU.