Background Increase in ophthalmic optical medical instruments and microsurgical applications leads to retinal photochemical damage and other problems delivery of a variety of devices,so the in-depth study and understanding of its pathogenesis after retina light damage can provide a reference for the clinical treatment of related diseases.Objective This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and relative mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) on mouse retina photic injury by studying the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2)and MMP-9.Methods Fifty-two SPF BALB/c mice were randomized into normal control group,simple light-induced group and EPO pretreatment group by balloting method.The mice of simple light-induced group and EPO pretreatment group were continuously irradiated with 6000 lx diffuse light for 4 hours in a home-made box to establish the models of light-induced damage;while recombinant human EPO (rhEPO)of 5000 U/kg was intraperitoneally injected prior to the light exposure in the EPO pretreatment group.The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were examined at 6,12,36,72,96 hours and 7 days following light-exposure by immunohistochemistry.Results Edema and structural disorder of RPE cells appeared inthe simple light-induced group after light-exposure and aggravated with lapse of light-exposure time,but no similar change was seen until 7 days in the EPO pretreatment group.The immunohistochemistry findings showed that the expression of MMP-2(A value)in RPE cells was less in the normal mice.However,a large quantity of positive cells appeared in RPE layer 36 hours after light-exposure.Compared with the simple light-induced group,the positive expression of MMP-2 protein in EPO pretreatment group was significantly decreased,showing statistically significant differences among these three groups and different time points (Fgroup =3.68,P =0 04; Ftime =9.13,P=0.00).There was hardly any MMP-9 expression in the retina of the normal mice.In simple light-induced group,a few of positive cells appeared in RPE layer 6 hours after light-exposure and reached its peak 12 hours following light-exposure.The gradually down-regulation of MMP-9 expression happened 96 hours later following light-irradiation.The expression tendency of MMP-9 in EPO pretreatment group was similar to the simple light-induced group.Significant differences in expressions of MMP-9 were found among different groups and time points (Fgroup=3.61,P =0.04;Ftime =16.91,P=0.00).Conclusions MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be involved in the mechanism of retina photic injury by down-regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in RPE cells.

Secondary glaucoma is a kind of complications after vitrectomy, its etiologies are various and complex. Ineffective therapies might cause irreversible damage on optic nerves and visual field defect, even the loss in visual function. Nowadays, this project has been paid great attention by various researches both in China and abroad. Both the pathogens and therapies of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy are analyzed as follows.

BACKGROUND:Cytotoxicity of graphene oxide to normal cel s is relatively low, but whether graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin has some effects on malignant cel s is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin on multiple myeloma cel s. METHODS:Multiple myeloma cel line RPMI8226 in logarithmic phase was selected, cultured and divided into four groups, including graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin, doxorubicin and graphene oxide groups as wel as control group with no intervention. After 24 hours of culture, the cel activity was detected by cel counting kit-8 method, and the cel cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Plump-shaped cel s with translucent and clear cytoplasm were found in the control group;cel s with relatively translucent cytoplasm, and even a few shrunken cel s appeared in the graphene oxide group;cel ular morphology was in a heterogeneity, apoptotic bodies appeared in the doxorubicin group;the cel s was significantly reduced in size, presenting more obvious shrinkage and apoptotic bodies in the group of graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin. The cel survival rate in the graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin, doxorubicin and graphene oxide groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and this indicator was significantly lower in the group of graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin than the graphene oxide group (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate in the group of graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin and doxorubicin group was significantly higher than those in the graphene oxide and control groups (P<0.05), respectively. Additional y, there were no significant differences in the cel cycle among groups. These results show that graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin has a stronger cytotoxicity, and can induce apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cel s.

Objective To study the safety and efficacy of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in elderly patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases under the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Methods 320 patients were enrolled in ERCP operation. Both ERAS elderly group (experimental group A, n = 58, above 75 years) and young and middle-aged group (control group B, n=202,below 60 years)underwent enhanced recovery after surgery,meanwhile traditional elderly group(control group C, n = 60, above 75 years) received traditional perioperative management. It had compared multiple clinical indexes between group A with B and group A with C during the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative period. Results The incidence rate of cholangiocarcinoma, multiple complications, nutrition screening ≥ 3 points, ASA scored III degree and Child-Pugh scored A-level in preoperative ERAS elderly patients were higher than that of the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.05); And its incidence rate of nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain,nutritional screening < 3 points and ASA scored I degree were lower than that of the middle-aged group (P < 0.05);the fasting and water- deprivation time of the ERAS elderly group was shorter than that of the traditional elderly group (P < 0.05). The intraoperative operation time of the elderly ERAS group was slightly longer than that of the traditional elderly group (P < 0.05). The duration of electrocardiographic monitoring and the first aerofluxus time of the elderly patients with ERAS were longer than that of the young and middle-aged group (P < 0.05). The success, failure rate, and complication rate of the elderly patients with ERAS were 91.38% (53/58) and 8.62% (5 /58), 3.45% (2/58), meanwhile the young and middle-aged group were 96.53% (195/202), 3.47% (7/202), and 4.95% (10/202), and with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The mild pain in ERAS elderly group was more than that of in traditional elderly group, while the moderate, and severe pain was less than that of traditional elderly group (P < 0.05); The opioid use rate, endoscopic nasobiliary indwelling, first-time ambulation and aerofluxus, total hospitalization, and postoperative hospitalization time of ERAS elderly group was less than the traditional elderly group (P < 0.05). Conclusions With ERAS, the treatment effect of ERCP in elderly patients is similar to that in young and middle-aged people, and it has good safety and effectiveness.

Objective To evaluate the physiological and anatomic basis,indications,surgical skills, prevention of ureter injury and clinic outcomes of using high uterosacral ligament suspension(HUS)for correction of advanced uterine prolapse by the vaginal route.Methods Fifty women with advanced uterine prolapse underwent transvaginal HUS after vaginal hysterectomy with reconstruction of pubocervical and rectovaginal fascia to correct their uterine prolapse between June 2003 and September 2007.The average age of the women was 60.1 years.The mean follow-up period was 24 months(range 4-51 months).The degree of pelvic organ prolapse preoperatively and anatomic outcomes postoperatively were assessed with pelvic organ prolapse quantification system(POP-Q).Results The remnants of the uterosacral ligaments were clearly identified and palpated posterior and medial to the ischial spines by traction with a 24 cm long Allis clamp and used for successful vaginal vault suspension and reconstruction in all 50 consecutive advanced uterine prolapse patients.The ureter injury was avoided by complete knowledge of the ureter's course from the cervix/apex toward its insertion in the sacral region and how far outside of the uterosacral ligament,by uteri palpation and by suturing purposefully placed"deep"dorsally and posteriorly toward the sacrum,as well as by cystoscopy examination of the spillage of urine from both ureters.Mean POP-Q point C improved from 1.5 to-7.5 cm with a median follow-up of 24 months.If the successful HUS was defined as point C≤stage I prolapse,both the objective and subjective cure rates were as high as 100% with a maximum follow-up of 51 months.None of the 50 patients had repeat operation for recurrence of prolapse.There was no major intra-or postoperative complications,such as ureter and other pelvic organ injury.Conclusion HUS with fascial reconstruction seems to be a safe,minimal traumatic,tolerable and highly successful procedure for vaginal repair of advanced uterine prolapse.Because of the use of native tissue as suspension site HUS is more physiologic and cost effective.

Carnosol has been proved to have anti-breast cancer effect in previous research. But its ER subtype's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of carnosol on cell proliferation and its estrogen receptor α and β's specific regulation and mediation mechanisms with ER positive breast cancer T47D cell. With estrogen receptor α and β antagonists MPP and PHTPP as tools, the MTT cell proliferation assay was performed to observe the effect of carnosol on T47D cell proliferation. The changes in the T47D cell proliferation cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of carnosol on ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells was measured by Western blot. The findings showed that 1 x 10(-5)-1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly inhibit the T47D cell proliferation, which could be enhanced by MPP or weakened by PHTPP. Meanwhile, 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) or 1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) carnosol could significantly increase ERα and ERβ expressions of T47D cells, and remarkably increase ERα/ERβ ratio. The results showed that carnosol showed the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of ER positive breast cancer cells through target cell ER, especially ERβ pathway. In the meantime, carnosol could regulate expressions and proportions of target cell ER subtype ERα and ERβ.
Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate of the regulatory effect of Rho-kinase pathway activation on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced contraction of human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in vitro.

METHODSCultured primary HASMCs were divided into control group, AngII group, AngII + irbesartan group and AngII + Y-27632 group with corresponding treatment. AngII-induced contraction of HASMCs was evaluated using collagen gel lattices and observed morphologically using immunofluorescence assay. Western Blotting was significantly performed to examine the protein expression of Rho-kinase signal pathway.

RESULTSAngII-induced HASMC contraction was inhibited by treatments with irbesartan and Y-27632 as shown by gel contraction assay (P<0.001). Y-27632 treatment produced a stronger inhibitory effect than irbesartan on the expression of phosphorylated moesin, a substrate of Rho kinase (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAngII induces the contraction of HASMCs partially as a result of activation of Rho-kinase pathway.

Amides ; pharmacology ; Angiotensin II ; pharmacology ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; Biphenyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; Bronchi ; cytology ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth ; cytology ; Primary Cell Culture ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Tetrazoles ; pharmacology ; rho-Associated Kinases ; metabolism

Platelets are one of essential components of mammalian blood and play an important role in physiological and pathological reactions such as hemostasis, inflammatory response, thrombosis and rejection of organ transplantation. Platelet activation signal is the main physiological transmission mechanism that activates and induces platelets to play a physiological role, which has been the research focus in the field of physiological research in recent years. In this paper, we reviewed the new mechanisms of adhesion receptor-mediated calcium elevation, the new ideas of platelet activation mediated by pattern recognition receptors, and the new concept in platelet cGMP signaling and some other new researches.

Objective To construct a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic head-neck finite element model which ac cords with the anatomical structure,and study its dynamic responses under the extemal force.Methods By using the neck CT images of a Chinese adult male volunteer and obtaining the 3D cervical point cloud data,the finite element model of cervical spine was established using ICEM-CFD and HyperMesh software.This model,including vertebrae,intervertebral discs,facet joints,ligaments and cartilage tissues,and combining with the es tablished and verified head finite element model,was assembled as human head-neck finite element model with detailed anatomical structures.Results The model was validated by data of head-neck axial impact experiments reported in previously published literature.The simulation results showed that the neck deformation,head acceleration,head force and injury positions were preferably consistent with the experimental data.Conclusions The established 3D dynamic finite element model can be used to study head-neck dynamic responses and damage mechanism in the fields of traffic safety and impact injuries.

OBJECTIVETo characterize the role of Smads proteins in alpha 2 (I) collagen (COL1A2) gene expression induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in odontoblast cell line MDPC-23.

METHODSEndogenous Smad protein expression was determined by immunocytochemistry. Smads function and their role in COL1A2 gene expression were investigated in cotransfection experiments using promoter-luciferase reporter gene construct.

RESULTSMDPC-23 cells expressed Smad1, Smad5 and Smad6. BMP-2 promoted the activation of COL1A2 promoter reporter construct. Transient overexpression of Smad1 or Smad5 was enhanced, while overexpression of Smad6 inhibited BMP-2-induced COL1A2 promoter activity. BMP-2 inducibility could be blocked by overexpression of Smad1 or Smad5 dominant negative mutant.

CONCLUSIONSSmad signaling is functioning and appears to be involved in BMP-2-induced COL1A2 collagen transcription in MDPC-23. Smad signaling may play an important role in odontoblast differentiation and dentin extracellular matrix formation mediated by BMP-2.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Collagen ; genetics ; Collagen Type I ; Mice ; Odontoblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Smad Proteins ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics