Objective To investigate the incidence of Keshan disease(KSD) in Shandong province and to supply evidence for scientific control of the disease.Methods According to the scheme of KSD monitoring in Shandong province,the KSD cases were searched in 7 counties,and representative 3 counties and 6 villages were selected as key monitoring sites.In each site,about 420 residents were checked by asking detailed disease history,physical examination,and electrocardiography (ECG) tracings.Suspected cardiac abnormalities were taken chest posteroanterior X-ray film.At the same time,residents hair and food samples were collected to detect selenium levels in internal and external environments,and residents' income and per capita share of grain and other basic information were collected.Results ①Two hundred and fifty-nine medical units were searched,1132 cases of myocardial disease were found out and 638 suspected cases were identified and 142 chronic KSD cases were diagnosed.②In the 6 monitoring sites,2538 residents were surveyed and 91 cases of KSD were detected(of which 77 cases of potential,14 cases of chronic),the detection rate was 3.58％.A total of 2127 residents were traced ECG and the incidence of abnormal ECG was 24.5％ (521/2127),of which ST-T changes,T-wave changes,sinus bradycardia,sinus arrhymia,sinus tachycardia,and atrial premature beats et al were more common.Of the 75 X-ray films,39 cases had enlarged heart(in which 21 of mild,13 of moderate,5 of severe).③A total of 406 hair and grain samples were collected,respectively,and the selenium content of hair was approaching the level of appropriate,and the selenium content of food was still low.The annual per capita incomes of each site were between 3000 - 5900 Yuan,and residents main staple food was flour.Conclusions KSD in Shandong province is in a relatively stable situation.But latent and chronic KSD cases can still be detected.The internal environment selenium levels are elevated since the local living standards and dietary nutrition are improved.

Cassiae Semen is a common traditional Chinese medicine, and contents of anthraquinones of Cassiae Semen different significantly from area to area. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), only contents of aurantio obtusin and chrysophanol were used to evaluate the quality of Cassiae Semen, another data could be added later. Ten batches of Cassiae Semen from different areas were determined, and total anthraquinones, total free anthraquinones and total combined anthraquinones contents were assessed by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, contents of aurantio obtusin, rhein, aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were determined by HPLC. After that, principal components analysis was used to evaluate these data determined previous by dimension reduction analysis. At last, the result suggests that three main components were found out, it shows that content of aloe emodin could be used to evaluate the quality of Cassiae Semen as well as contents of aurantio obtusin and chrysophanol. And Cassiae Semen from Hebei province posseses higher quality than Cassiae Semen from other different areas. All these results can provide a good reference for quality evaluating of Cassiae Semen medicinal materials at a certain extent.
Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Cassia ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Principal Component Analysis

Objective To analyse the causes of perinatal death and explore the preventive measures to reduce the perinatal mortality.Methods The cases with perinatal death in this hospital from January 2005 to December 2006 were reviewed to analyse the causes of death by categorization and sum-up.Results There were 166 cases with perinatal death and the mortality rate was 27.08‰,including 126 cases with fatal death,which accounted for 75.90%.In the analysis of dead causes,the first one was birth defects,which suffered 69 cases,41.57% of all,and mostly were with fetus edema syndrome.The cord factors had been elevated to the second cause,which suffered 51 cases,30.72% of all.Conclusion Improving the consciousness of gestational monitoring and self-care,strengthening the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling,controlling the perinatal birth defects,monitoring mother and fetus by poly-parameter and stopping the pregnancy in time can reduce perinatal death effectively.

The symbiotic bacterium exists in the intestines of entomopathogenic nematodes and is a potential biological agent.Systematic classification of these bacteria is scarce in China.In this paper,seven strains of symbiotic bacteria from local entomopathogenic nematodes were identified by both observation of mor-phology,physiological,biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA fragments.

Four kinds of ionic liquids [BMIM] Br, [BMIM] BF4, [BMIM] PF6, [HMIM] PF6 were used to analyze the content of oleanic acid and paeoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora with ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with HPLC. The chromatographic column, Purospher star RP-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm), was used. Acetonitrile and water (90:10) as mobile phase was used to determine the content of oleanic acid with a gradient elution and flow rate at 1.00 mL · min(-1), detection wavelength at 210 nm, chromatographic column temperature at room temperature. Paeoniflorin content was determined using acetonitrile and water (18:82) as mobile phase with a gradient elution and flow rate at 1.00 mL · min(-1), detection wavelength at 250 nm, the chromatographic column temperature at room temperature. The result show that oleanic acid has the highest extraction yield when the conditions are solid-liquid ratio of 1:80 (g · mL(-1)), and the [BMIM] Br methanol solution concentration of 0.6 mol · L(-1). Under the optimal extraction conditions, the content of oleanic acid from 0.24 to 3.76 μg showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 97.20%. Paeoniflorin has the highest extraction yield when the conditions are solid-liquid ratio of 1:130 (g · mL(-1)), and the [C4 MIM] PF6 methanol solution concentration of 0.6 mol · L(-1). Under the optimal extraction conditions, paeoniflorin content from 0.42 to 4.20 μg showed a good lin- earity (r = 1.000), the average recovery was 98.84%. This method is simple and reliable, its repeatability is also very good. It has important significance in the study P. lactiflora of ionic liquid microextraction.
Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Ionic Liquids ; chemistry ; Monoterpenes ; analysis ; Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Ultrasonics

Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Robotic Surgical Procedures

Objective To measure the serum selenium levels in patient with Keshan disease(KSD)and in healthy controls in Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia KSD areas,to monitor the long-term dynamic changes of hair and serum selenium levels in Shandong KSD areas,and to provide scientific basis for preventing KSD.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in KSD areas of Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia in 2009.The research subjects which come from KSD areas were 77 cases and 63 healthy controls from Shandong;35 patients and 36 healthy controls from Sichuan;and 17 patients and 18 healthy controls from Inner Mongolia.Additional 33 healthy people from Jinan city were selected as controls of non-KSD areas.Blood and hair samples were collected and selenium levels were measured by 2,3-diaminonaphthalene fluorescence spectrometry.Retrospective method was used to analyze the hair and serum selenium data collected between 1976 and 2004 in Shandong KSD areas.and these data were eompard with the data of 2009 to observe the long-term dynamic changes.Results ① The serum selenium levels of KSD patients in Shandong and Inner Mongolia were significantly lower than that of healthy subjects of KSD areas[(0.0773±0.0113)vs(0.0895±0.0256),(0.0347±0.0107)vs(0.0469±0.0161),t=3.52,3.87,all P<0.01].No significant difference was found between KSD patients and healthy people in Sichuan[(0.0792±0.0162)vs(0.0774±0.0103),t=0.55,P>0.05].②The serum selenium levels of KSD patients in Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia KSD areas were lower than that of non-KSD area[(0.0988±0.0231)mg/L,q=6.74,5.83,19.47,all P<0.01].The serum selenium levels of healthy people in Sichuan and Inner Mongoha KSD areas were significantly lower than that of non-KSD area(q=6.68,16.36,all P<0.01).The serum selenium levels of healthy controls in Inner Mongolia were lower than that of in Shandong and Sichuan(q=13.63,14.74,13.62,1.46,all P<0.01).③From 1976 to 2009,the hair and serum selenium levels of Shandong resident were increased 1.68 times(0.343/0.128-1)for hair and 0.98 times(0.091/0.046-1)for serum,respectively.But there was no significant difference between the average growth rate of hair and serum selenium levels(χ2=1.38,P>0.05).Conclusions ①The hair and serum selenium levels of KSD patients are lower than that of healthy controls in non-KSD area.②The serum selenium levels of Shandong,Sichuan and Inner Mongolia are different between KSD patients and healthy controls in the diseased areas.③The hair and serum selenium data of Shandong resident show an upward vend over the past 30 years.We suggest to continue the comprehensive measures of adding selenium in KSD areas.

Objective To study the relationship between coronary arteriographic and fluorescence fundus angiographic characteristics in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease.Methods The study was carried out by the analysis of the data from coronary arteriography and fluorescence fundus angiography in 203 type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease in different groups divided according to age or total cholesterol level. Logisitic regression analysis was applied to explore various risk factors to angiographic characteristics.Results With advancing age,there were more involvement of 3 coronary vessels or the left main branch along with stageⅢretinopathy,but less single vessel diseases in the coronary arteries and less stageⅠretinopathy.The difference in coronary angiographic and fluorescence fundus angiographic characteristics between groups with different total cholesterol levels was not significant.Logistic regression analysis suggested that coronary artery diaease was related to age,sex and blood glucose and triglyceride levels while diabetic retinopathy was related to blood glucose level and age.Conclusion There is great difference in coronary arteriography and fluorescence fundus angiography among different age groups.Aging may aggravate the lesions both in the coronary arteries and fundal vessels in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart diseease.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical efficacy of suture anchors in treating acute injuries of medial collateral ligament (MCL) of knee at degree III.

METHODSTwenty-seven patients with degree III acute MCL injuries of knee were treated with suture anchors from January 2007 to June 2011. There were 15 males and 12 females, aged from 19 to 56 (averaged 32.6) years old. The time from injury to operation was 3 to 10 days, averaged 6 days. Symptoms and physical signs before and after treatment were observed, Lysholm scoring were used to evluated clinical efficacy.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 16 to 30 months with an average of 21.6 months. The stability of knee joints was good in all patients. Abduction stress test was negative when the knee joint was straightened at 0 degrees and flexed at 30 degrees. The average degree of flexed knee (67.00 +/- 5.80) degrees preoperatively was lower than that of postoperatively (136.50 +/- 6.30) degrees at 1 year. According to Lysholm scoring, preoperative scores ranged from 30 to 43 points, averaged 36.46 +/- 1.48; 1 year after operation ranged from 87 to 100 with an average of 91.50 +/- 3.80 and higher than postoperative. Twenty patients got an excellent results, 5 good and 2 fair.

CONCLUSIONSuture anchors in treating acute injuries of medial collateral ligament of knee at degree III has following advantages: small range of tissue dissection, easy to operate, reliable fixation and less complications.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Collateral Ligaments ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Suture Anchors

3-8 years old group(group C2) with 50 cases] were detected.A gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue(GnRHa) stimulation test was performed in 140 girls with IPT.The 140 girls were divided into 3 groups:IPT group,CPP group,and peripheral precocious puberty group(PPP group).Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitneg tests were performed on the data between every groups.Results For basal LH levels,there were significant diffe-rences between IPT1 group and group C1,among IPT2 group,CPP group and group C2(Pa0.05).For peak LH/FSH ratios,there was significant difference between IPT2 group and CPP group(P