Objective To explore the effect of interferon-?(IFN-?)on phenotypic transition of human Tenon’s conjunctival capsular fibroblast(HTCF). Methods Cultured HTCF derived from 4 operated human cataracts was induced for 48 hours in absence or presence of IFN-? and/or transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1). Then immunocytochemistry and Western blot technology were used to detect the ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)expression and identificate the cell phenotype. Results In contrast to normal HTCF, IFN-?(10 ng/mL) inhibited the expression of ?-SMA(P

Objective To evaluate neurofunctional and radiographic results of transpedicular screw fixation reduction and anterior column fixation with use of screw-red system in treatment of multiple segment lumbar pedicle and vertebral body fractures combined with spondylolisthesis. Methods A consecutive series of 12 patients with unstable multiple segment lumbar pedicle fracture, vertebral body fracture, spondylolisthesis and neurologic deficit were managed with posterior transpedicular screw fixation including fractured pedicle and anterior screw-rod fixation instrumentation from January 2002 to December 2007. Results Patients were followed up for 24-30 months (mean 26 months). All the patients with incomplete neurologic deficits got improvement by at least one Frankel grade. Transpedicular screw brought satisfactory reduction. At the time of the latest follow-up, no screw breakage occurred. Con-clusions Excellent reduction of unstable multiple segment lumbar pedicle fractures combined with spon-dylolisthesis can attain better reduction and maintenance by means of selective pedicle screw fixation via fractured pedicle and anterior screw-rod instrument.

Objective To investigate the expression of immunohistochemistry of gastrin(GAS),somatostatin(SS),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and Fas-ligand(Fas-L) in the sinus ventriculi of children with pediatric gastritis and to explore the significance of their expression in the pathogenesis of pediatric chronic gastritis.Methods Fifty cases of the sinus ventriculi mucosa samples were enrolled in 3 groups:chronic gastritis,helicobacter pylori(Hp) positive(group A,n=20);chronic gastritis,Hp negative(group B,n=19);control group,normal sinus ventriculi mucosa,Hp negative(group C,n=11).Immunohistochemistry En Vision were carried out including GAS,SS,PCNA and Fas-L.Results In the expression of GAS and SS,the values of group A and B were comparatively higher than those of group C,but there was no significant difference among them in statistics.In the expression of PCNA,the value of group A was comparatively higher and that of group B.The value difference between 2 groups was significant(P=0.019);in the expression of Fas-L,no significant difference was found among these 3 groups.Conclusions Expressions of GAS and SS both increase in children with chronic gastritis and maybe the increase of GAS and SS play a role in the pathogenesis of pediatric chronic gastritis;Hp infection promotes the multiplication of the sinus ventriculi membrana mucosa epithelium cell in pediatric chronic gastritis.

Objective To assess the income status of primary care providers and to explore the determinants of income in a county of Dali. Methods In August 2016, the questionnaire was employed to collect the data of income status of 191 rural health workers and 217 village doctors in the county. Results Through the study, we found that the income of rural health workers in the county was 34, 000 (26, 000, 46,000) yuan with a satisfaction rate of 62.3% (95% CI 55.4%～69.2%) and no change (74.7%) was seen in the income among majorities after implementing the Zero Mark-up Policy for essential medicines. For the village doctors, the income was 20,000 (15,000, 24,000) yuan with a satisfaction rate of 40.6% (95% CI 34.0%～47.1%) and a fall of the income was found in more than half of the doctors after the implement of the policy. Conclusion Health care workers in towns are quite satisfied with their income whereas those in health stations of villages are not content, compared with the average income at the national level. We should increase government's investments on grass-root healthcare team, improve the incentive pay plans and promote the integrated management of health facilities in towns and villages.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system.

METHODSThe appropriate ozone dosage was determined, and then the changes of TOC, UV254 and THM formation potential (THMFP) in the combined system were evaluated.

RESULTSOne mg/L ozone could effectively remove taste and odor and meet the maximum allowable bromate level in drinking water. The pre-ozonation increased THMFP, but the conventional treatment system could effectively reduce the odor. The bio-ceramic filter could partly reduce CHCl3FP, but sometimes might increase CHCl2BrFP and CHClBr2FP. The biological activated carbon (BAC) filter could effectively reduce CHCl3FP and CHCl2BrFP, but increase CHClBr2FP. Compared with other filters, the fresh activated carbon (FAC) filter performed better in reducing THMFP and even reduced CHClBr2FP.

CONCLUSIONThe combined system can effectively reduce taste, odor, CHCl3FP, and CHCl2BrFP and also bring bromate under control.

Bromates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; China ; Chlorine ; Humans ; Odorants ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Ozone ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rivers ; chemistry ; Taste ; Trihalomethanes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Water Supply ; analysis ; standards

OBJECTIVETo study the mutagenicity and teratogenicity induced by ammonium dinitramide(ADN).

METHODSAccording to technical specifications for toxicity determination of chemicals, Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay (Ames assay), in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, sperm malformation test and teratogenesis test were used to detect the mutagenicity and teratogenicity induced by AND.

RESULTSWhen the exposure doses of AND were 8-5000 pg/plate, the result of Ames assay was negative. As compared with control group, the micronucleus rate of mice exposed to 113.8 mg/kg AND significantly increased(P<0.05), the sperm malformation rates of mice exposed to 54.4-272.0 mg/kg AND did not increased significantly. The survival rate of fetuses decreased, the rate of assimilated fetuses increased, the rate of fetus sternum agenesis enhanced in mice exposed to 319 mg/kg AND, as compared with controls. The rates of in the 4th-6th fetus sternum agenesis in groups exposed to 21.3, 79.7 and 319 mg/kg AND were higher than that in control group. The malformation rate of fetus bowels in groups exposed to 319 mg/kg AND was higher than that in control group. The teratogenic index of ADN was 30.

CONCLUSIONAND may be a mutagen and induce the teratogenic effect.

Animals ; Embryo, Mammalian ; drug effects ; pathology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Micronucleus Tests ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Nitrites ; toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; toxicity ; Spermatozoa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Sternum ; drug effects ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the acute, subacute and subchronic toxicity induced by ammonium dinitramide (ADN), and to ascertain the gradation and target organs of acute toxicity induced by AND.

METHODSAccording to technical specifications for toxicity determination of chemicals, the oral tests for acute, subacute and subchronic toxicity induced by AND were performed for 90 days.

RESULTSThe oral LDx for mouse and rat was 568.9 mg/kg and 616.6 mg/kg ADN respectively. The gradation of acute toxicity induced by AND was low level. The results of oral subacute and subchronic toxicity tests (for 28 and 90 days) showed that a gain in weight in group exposed to 123 mg/kg AND was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05), the TBIL and ALT in group exposed to 61.6 and 123 mg/kg AND significantly increased and the ratio of liver weight to body weight obviously decreased, as compared with control group, the number of animals with hepatic pathological changes in group exposed to 61.6 and 123 mg/kg AND was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe gradation of acute toxicity induced by ADN was low level. When the exposure dose of AND was 30.8 mg/kg, the adverse effect was not observed, and the target organ was liver.

Animals ; Body Weight ; Female ; Liver ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nitrites ; toxicity ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toxicity Tests, Acute ; Toxicity Tests, Subchronic

OBJECTIVETo analyze the incidence and mortality of lung cancer patients among residents in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2002 to 2010.

METHODSThe data of lung cancer cases in permanent residents of Yangpu district were collected from the database of the registration and management system in Shanghai city. Temporal trend in the incidence of lung cancer was analyzed by using annual percent change (APC) mode1. The survivals were calculated using SPSS 16.0 and Joinpoint Regression Program 3.5.1 software.

RESULTSA total of 5726 cases of lung cancer were diagnosed from January 2002 to December 2010. Of those, 3865 were males with an average age of onset 70.08 years, and 1861 were females with an average age of onset 70.88 years. The crude incidence rate was 77.36/10(5) in men, significantly higher than 39.31/10(5) in women (U = 24.84, P < 0.01). The standardized incidence rate was 25.23/10(5) in men, significantly higher than 13.47/10(5) in women (U = 13.24, P < 0.01). A total of 5248 cases died of the disease in this period. Of those, 3586 were men. The crude mortality was 71.77/10(5) in men, significantly higher than 35.11/10(5) in women (U = 24.67, P < 0.01). The standardized mortality was 21.72/10(5) in men, significantly higher than 11.08/10(5) in women (U = 13.01, P < 0.01). Both the incidence and mortality rates increased apparently in those older than 45 years. The 1- to 5-year survival rates in all cases were 37.42%, 22.71%, 15.73%, 12.32%, and 10.53%, respectively. The 1- to 5-year survival rates in male cases were significantly lower than those in female cases (P < 0.05 for each comparison). The 1- to 5-year survival rates of the patients whose tumor had been surgically removed were significantly higher than those in the patients without surgery (P < 0.05 for each comparison).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of lung cancer is close to the mortality in the residents of Yangpu District of Shanghai city. Surgical resection treatment improves the prognosis of lung cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the incidence and survival rates of primary liver cancer (PLC) among residents in Yangpu district of Shanghai.

METHODSA total of 9 730 736 permanent residents (male 4 996 390 and female 4 734 346) of Yangpu district in Shanghai were recruited in the study between year 2002 and 2010; among whom 2726 PLC cases were diagnosed and 2427 death cases were certified. The incidence and mortality of PLC were calculated under the analysis of the new PLC cases and death cases between year 2002 and 2010. The rates were standardized by the demographic composition developed in the Fifth Nationwide Census in year 2000, in order to analyze the survival condition of PLC patients and explore the prognosis of surgical excision treatment.

RESULTSAmong the new PLC cases between year 2002 and 2010, 1966 cases were male, whose average age of onset was 59.81; while 760 cases were female, whose average age of onset was 68.93. The crude incidence rate was 39.35/100 000 in male, which was higher than it in female, as 16.05/100 000. The difference showed statistical significance (U = 7.32, P < 0.01). The standardized incidence rates were 21.98/100 000 and 6.96/100 000 in male and female, respectively. The difference showed statistical significance (U = 221.76, P < 0.01). There were 2427 PLC death cases in total, including 1734 male death cases and 693 female death cases. The crude mortality rate was 34.71/100 000 in male and 14.64/100 000 in female, whose difference were statistically significant (U = 6.68, P < 0.01). The standardized mortality rate was 19.16/100 000 in male and 6.06/100 000 in female, whose difference were statistically significant (U = 207.18, P < 0.01). The incidence and mortality rates both increased apparently since males aging over 35 and females over 45. The 1 - 5 year survival rates of PLC patients were 33.95%, 23.11%, 17.04%, 14.42% and 12.29%, respectively. In the surgical excision treatment group (321 cases), the 1 - 5 year survival rates were separately 66.78%, 52.87%, 41.88%, 33.57% and 32.64%; while in the non-surgical treatment group (2405 cases), the 1 - 5 year survival rates were separately 29.04%, 18.58%, 13.30%, 11.16% and 9.01%. The differences in 1 - 5 year survival rates between surgical and non-surgical groups all showed statistical significance (U = 12.78, 10.52, 8.28, 5.56 and 5.12, respectively, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of PLC was close to its mortality in Yangpu district of Shanghai. The male incidence and mortality rates were significantly higher than female corresponding rates. The surgical excision treatment could improve the prognosis of PLC.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacological effects of Liangyuan Pipagao on cough reflex and ciliary action. Liangyuan Pipagao is a compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: Cough was induced by aerosol citric acid in guinea pigs and aerosol capsacin in mice. Excretion function of the airway in mice was determined by phenol red method. Ciliary movement function of frog esophagus was examined by a migration method of charcoal granules. RESULTS: Liangyuan Pipagao inhibited both the citric acid-induced cough in guinea pigs and capsacin-induced cough in mice. ID(50)value 2.64 g/kg (95%Cl1.12 approximately 6.19) and 11.40 g/kg (95%Cl5.76 approximately 22.58) respectively. Further, Liangyuan Pipagao increased phenol red excretion in mice airways and stimulated ciliary action of frog esophagusin a dose-dependent fashion. ED(50) value 7.70 g/kg (95%Cl 4.62 approximately 12.83) and EC(25) value 1.07 X 10(-4) (95% Cl 0.394 approximately 2.92x10(-4)) respectively. CONCLUSION: Liangyuan Pipagao a traditional Chinese medicine may have anti-tussive as well as expectorant actions.