An embryo of 4.3 mm is described. It comes to the laboratory in 10 per cent for-malin as an intact chorion measuring 22 by 16 mm. The embryo is in the shape of theletter C, and its tail is curved. The limb buds are round in shape. There are 4pharyngeal pouches, the 4th being very small. Between the bases of the 1st and 2ndbranchial arches, in the floor of the pharynx, the tuberculum impar has developed. Theotic vesicles are slightly elongated sacs and no longer connected with the covering ecto-derm. The eyes are represented by the optic vesicles and the thickened ectodermal an-lage of the lens. Trachea is still largely a groove in the ventral wall of the pharynx andesophagus. The heart is still in the so-called S shaped stage; the atrium lies on the leftside of the bulb, and has not yet doubled; the sinus venosus is not completely out ofthe septum transversum; in the atrium, near the sinus venosus, the endothelial tube isclosely attached to the wall. There are 4 pairs of aortic arches: the lst pair breaks intocapillaries imbedded in the mandible. The other three join the dorsal aortae which runcaudal and finally unite to form one median dorsal aorta. The anterior cardinal, pos-terior cardinal, common cardinal and vitelline veins, etc. are all paired and symetricallyarranged. The embryo herein described falls in group Ⅷ of Streeter.

Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; genetics

Background and purpose:TGF-?/EGFR autocrine loop is markedly activated in wide malignant tumor. It is closely correlated with the tumorigenesis and development of different cancers. Our study is to investigate the biological behavior and signaling molecule changes in TGF- induced ovarian cancer cell line Caov-3, and to study the effect and molecular mechanism of the activation of TGF- /EGFR autocrine loop in ovarian cancer.Methods:The tetrazolium-based colorimetry assay was used to evaluate the cell growth treated by TGF-?. The vitro invasion assay was used to examine the invasiveness of Caov-3 treated by TGF-?.Expression of EGFR、 ERK1/2、PI3K、AKT、P70S6K were determined by western blotting.Results:Exogenous TGF-? enhanced significantly the proliferation and invasiveness of Caov-3 cells. The proliferation rate of Caov-3 was in a dose-dependent manner to TGF-? within the concentration of 0.5~25ng/ml.Exogenous TGF-? up-regulated the expression of EGFR、PI3K、AKT、P70S6K but not ERK1/2.Conclusions:The activation of TGF-?/EGFR autocrine loop could promote the growth,invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer through PI3K/AKT/P70S6K signaling survival pathway.

Objective To explore the correlation between phenotypes in female with X-linked Alport syndrome(XLAS) and X-inactivation of different tissues.Methods Thirty-six female diagnosed as XLAS were studied,and proteinuria was taken as a marker of the severity of clinical phenotypes.X-inactivation patterns were analyzed in peripheral blood cells of 36 XLAS female and in skin fibroblasts of 12 XLAS female.The X-inactivation analysis was performed by using Hpa Ⅱ predigestion of DNA followed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) of the highly polymorphic CAG repeat of the androgen receptor gene.Results The average X-inactivation levels of the mutant allele decreased while the degree of proteinuria increased,so there was a negative correlation between the degree of proteinuria and the X-inactivation ratios of the mutant allele in blood cells(r=-0.543,P=0.002).However,there was no correlation between the degree of proteinuria and the X-inactivation ratios of the mutant allele in skin fibroblasts(r=-0.131,P=0.701).Conclusions X-inactivation ratios might explain partially the diverse phenotypes in XLAS female patients,which suggested that the prognosis of XLAS female might be predicted via analysis of the X-inactivation in peripheral blood cells.

Objective To investigate the suppression effect of RNA interference(RNAi) on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell line. Methods SKOV3 cells were transfected with synthetic EGFR sequence-specific dsRNA by lipofectamin 2000.The expression level of EGFR mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.The proliferation of transfected SKOV3 cells was detected by WST-1 cell proliferation assay.The abilities of adhesion,migration and invasion were detected by cell adhesion assay,cell migration assay and Matrigel invasion assay,respectively. Results The suppression rates on EGFR mRNA and protein by sequence-specific dsRNA-EGFR were 73.65% and 58.94%,respectively.The cell proliferation was inhibited by 22.54%,35.76% and 31.07%,respectively at 24,48 and 72 h after transfection.The adhesion of sequence-specific dsRNA transfected SKOV3 cells for 30 min and 90 min were reduced by 12.11% and 18.66%,respectively.The migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells were decreased by 25.47% and 22.08%,respectively. Conclusion The down-regulation of EGFR expression of ovarian cancer by sequence-specific dsRNA can lead to the suppression of proliferation,adhesion,migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.

Objective To explore the effects of maternal hypercholanemia on the myocardium changes in rat fetus. Methods Thirty clean SD female rats were equally randomized to three groups after mating successfully.From the 13th to 20th day of gestation,group A and B were injected injected with sodium chloride(NS) as control.Total bile acid(TBA) and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) were measured in the maternal and fetal serum on the 21st day when all rats were killed.Fetal cardiac muscle cells were also collected for examination with light microscope and electronic microscope.Results (1)TBA in maternal and fetal serum were(22.32±8.12)μmol/L and(28.84±8.06) μmol/L,respectively in group A,(9.77±3.56)/μmol/L and(9.34±3.54) μmol/L in group B,and (3.60±1.78) μmol/L and(3.95±1.19) μmol/L in group C.Significant differences were found among groups(P<0.01).(2)Fetal death rates were significantly different among the three groups (P<0.05),with 30.11%,16.85%,and 7.05%,respectively.(3)Fetal cTnl were also found significant difference among groups(P<0.01),with(19.98±7.75)ng/ml,(11.41±3.64)ng/ml and(4.38±1.19)ng/ml,respectively.(4)The integrated scores of fetal necrosis area were significantly different in three groups(P<0.05),with 1.92±0.43,1.36±0.37 and 0.44±0.12,respectively.(5)Under electronic microscope,the number density of mitochondria in group A was lower than that in group C(P<0.05)while the average volume of mitochondria was larger in group A (P<0.05).The average volume of mitoehondria in group B was larger than that in group C(P<0.05) while no difference was found with regard to the number density between the two groups.The number density and average volume of myofibril in group A were lower than those in group C(P<0.05).The number density of myofibril in group B was higher than that in group C(P<0.05) while no difference was found with the average volume.(6)Positive correlations were found in maternal TBA,fetal TBA,fetal cTnI and the integrate of fetal necrosis area when comparing every two of the above factors. Conclusions Fetal myocardium is impaired obviously in hypercholanemia rats.The serum level of TBA and cTnI in fetal rats are positively correlated with each other.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of locking plate (LCP),dynamic hip screw (DHS)and proximal femo-ral nail (PFNA)internal fixation in the treatment of elderly stable femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods A total of 60 pa-tients with stable stable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients were randomly divided randomly into proximal femoral LCP fixation group (group A),the DHS fixation group (group B)and PFNA fixation group (group C).The operative time,blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative weight-bearing time were analyzed among three different groups.Results There were significant difference in blood loss,postoperative weight-bearing time,operative time among three different groups (P < 0.05 ). Group C was significantly better than the group A(P <0.05).Two cases of hip varus deformity,one case of crew loosening and su-perficial infection were appeared among group A.One case of hip varus deformity occurred in group B.One case of suffered refrac-ture occurred in group C.Conclusion LCD fixation,fixation with DHS and PFNA fixation are effective treatment for stable femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the expressions of calcium sensitive receptor (CaSR) and tight junction protein (Claudin)-14 in renal calcium oxalate stone rat model. Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=15) and model group (n=15). The rat model of renal calcium oxalate stone was established by gavaging 1%glycol (2 mL/d) and 2% ammonium chloride. The expression of CaSR protein was detected using immunohistochemical assay. RT-PCR was used to detect the Claudin-14 mRNA expression. The expression levels of CaSR and Claudin-14 protein were de-tected by Western blot assay respectively. The full automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect rat renal function and changes of blood and urine biochemical indices. Results A large stone crystallization was observed under light microscope in model group. The serum levels of Cr, BUN, 24-h urine calcium and urine volume were significantly higher in model group than those of control group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in serum calcium level and urinary pH value be-tween two groups. The expression levels of Claudin-14 mRNA and CaSR protein were significantly higher in model group than those of control group (P<0.01). The Claudin-14 protein expression was specifically higher in renal tissues of model group. There was no Claudin-14 protein expression in control group. There was a positive correlation between CaSR and Claudin-14 protein expression in renal tissues of model group. Also, CaSR and Claudin-14 protein expressions were posi-tively correlated with the 24-h urine volume. Conclusion The increased expressions of CaSR and Claudin-14 involved in the formation of kidney stone by increasing the urinary calcium excretion.

Objective　To study the MRI signs in spinal cord injury. Methods　A tatal of 90 cases of spinal cord injury examined with magnetic resonance(MR)，40 underwent a GE 0.5T superconducting system and 50 with a SIEMENS Open 0.2T. With spine surface coil, all of them were examined with axial and sagittal spin echo sequences, while 10 given extra coronal sequence. MRI findings and its correlation with prognosis of patients were analyzed. Results　Among the 90 cases of spinal cord injury, incomplete and complete transection of spinal cord was found in 14 cases (13.2%), spinal cord edema in 11 (10.4%), intraspinal cord hemorrhage in 27 (25.5%), compression and dislocation in 27(25.5%), malacia in 16(15.1%), and atrophy in 11(10.4%). Conclusion　From the morphologic and pathological changes of spinal cord MRI can not only direct the option of treatment protocols, but may also evaluate the prognosis of spinal cord injuries. Demonstrated by MRI, it suggests that.

Objective To investigate the way of resection of high-sacrum tumors and the reconstruction way of the sacrum. Methods From October 2001 to October 2005,7 patients with high-sacrum tumors were enrolled. After resection, the pelviclring were recormtmcted with Chinese Great Wall pedicle screw system and fibulae graft,corresponding chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given after operation. Results The short-term results were satisfactory with the lumbosacral pain reduced and the neurological function improved in different degrees, however dysuria occurred in 1 ease and 1 case cerebrospinal fluid leakageand 1 case postoperative infection and delayedunion among the 7 eases in this group. In the follow-up period of 6 months to 3 years,4 eases died for tumor recurred or metastasis. Conclusions Surgical procedure,reconstruction of the sacrum and postoperative comprehensive treatment have important effects on the prognosis. Meanwhile,it is operative key to lessen operative hemorrhage,reserve the function of caudal equine and rebuild weight high post function of the pelvis after superior sacrum tumor is removed.