Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Smell

Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy as a bridge between theoretical courses and clinical practice of acupuncture and moxibustion, is important. As the main part ofAcupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy, the training course deals with case analysis, inquiry training and simulation, clinical treatment ability training etc, in order to realize seamless docking classroom and clinical.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the control of drug costs in China. METHODS: Present problems on drug were analyzed. The measures and effect of market mechanisms and policy interventions were analyzed referring to foreign experience on the control of drug expenses. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Because drugs are a special kind of commodity, the combination and complementarity between market mechanisms and policy interventions can effectively control drug costs.

Bone Neoplasms ; Chondrosarcoma ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Nasal Septum ; pathology

Objective To observe the clinical effect of treating refractory ascites by intermittent cycle ascites reinfusion.Methods Having 30 refractory ascites patients of both chronic renal failure and maintenance hemodialysis(MHD),treating them 102 times by intermittent close ascites reinfusion and synchronous hemodialysis,having reinfusion ascites 3000～5000ml each time,checking the change of serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(Bun),and serum albumin before and after hemodialysis(HD) by blood-test,and observing their temperature,weight,belly size,blood pressure,and pulse before and after treatment.Results After treatment,all the patients feel well,have good appetite,and have less swollen belly.The average treatment is 3.2 times.The table shows the patients' weight,belly size,serum albumin,serum creatinie and blood urea nitrogen(Bun) before and after treatment.The difference is obviously distinctive(P

Biomarkers ; Carcinogens ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cumulative incidence of end-stage renal disease(ESRD)in Chinese hypertensive type2diabetic patients with microalbuminuria(DHM)treated with different regimes,and to provide reference for decision makers.METHODS:A peer-reviewed Markov model that simulated progression from microalbuminuria to nephropathy,dou?bling of serum creatinine,ESRD,and all-cause mortality in patients with DHM was adapted to China.Three strategies were compared:(1)early use of irbesartan(i.e.prompt treatment in subjects with microalbuminuria);(2)late use of irebesartan(i.e.as from overt nephropathy);(3)standard hypertension care(with comparable blood pressure control).Cumulative incidence of ESRD,costs and life expectancy were projected for a hypothetical cohort of1000subjects.Treatment-specific progression and mortality probabilities were derived from published trials:IRMA-2(in microalbuminuria)and IDNT(in overt nephropathy).Medical management and cost data per state were obtained from published local sources.A flexible time horizon up to25years and third party payer perspective were used.Future costs and LE were discounted at3%yearly.RESULTS:When compared with standard blood pressure control,early use of irbesartan was evaluated to reduce the cumulative incidence of ESRD from(mean?standard deviation)8%to22%,save RMB30348(US＄3667),and add0.638life years per treated patient.Late use of irbesartan was dominant over control group but dominated by early irbesartan.Break-even occurred after13years.CON?CLUSION:Treating DHM patients by early use of irbesartan is evaluated to reduce the incidence of ESRD,extend life and reduce costs.Treating patients at a later stage is still beneficial,however to a lower extent.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a complex disease process in which injury severity,duration and timing of the antenatal injury are difficult to discern.HIBD triggers a cascade of pathophysiological events (blood-brain barrier damage,oxidative stress,inflammation,glutamate excitotoxicity,energy depletion and cell death) leading to brain damage and neonatal death.Under this background,the changing of biomarkers in different types of biological fluids able to be detected and prognosed HIBD.

Aim ToinvestigatetheexpressionofMT1 in the hippocampus and serum melatonin in the asth-matic rats, and explore the mechanism in the develop-mentofasthma.Methods SixtyadultSDratswere randomly divided into two groups: control group ( n=20 ) and asthma group ( n=40 ) . Asthma rat model was established by sensitization and stimulation with ovalbumin ( OVA ) . Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR ) were used to evaluate the expression of MT1 in hippocam-pus. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) was used to detect serum melatonin level. Results TheexpressionofMT1inhippocampusatgeneand protein levels were significantly elevated in asthmatic group ( P <0. 05 ) compared with the control group,whereas serum melatonin was obviously reduced ( P<0. 05 ) . Compared with day 5 and day 10 in the asth-matic group, there was a significant increase of MT1 in hippocampus on day 17 ( P<0. 05 ) , while there was no significant difference between day 5 and day 10 ( P>0.05).Conclusions MelatoninandMT1maybe involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The up-regula-tion of MT1 in hippocampus with time-dependent pat-tern may be a compensatory response to decreased pe-ripheral melatonin levels for augmenting melatoninˊs neuroprotective and neuroimmunomodulatory effects a-gainst inflammatory reaction and stress in asthma.

Catch-up growth,a phenomenon that occurs after a short time growth-inhibiting condition,has been proved to be strongly associated with insulin resistance.But the mechanism of insulin resistance in the process of catch-up growth is not clear.