ObjectiveTo observe the preventive effect of type Ⅱ collagen on experimental rat articular cartilage damage induced by T-2 toxin,to explore molecular biomarkers of articular cartilage damage and repair,and to provide a theoretical basis for control of articular cartilage damage.MethodsEighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to their body weights:negative control,positive control,high-dose intervention,and low-dose intervention groups,20 rats in each group.Animals in negative control group were fed with standard rat chow,and animals in other three groups were fed with T-2-toxin-contaminated chow( 100 ng/kgfeed).Animals in negative and positive control groups drank distilled water,animals in high-dose intervention and low-dose intervention groups drank water containing type Ⅱ collagen(0.5,5.0 g/L,respectively).These rats were sacrificed after 3 and 5 months,respectively,and bilateral knee joints were collected.Histopathologic changes in hyaline cartilage were examined by light microscope,serum levels of type Ⅱ collagen carboxyl terminal peptide (CTX-Ⅱ ),cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).ResultsHE staining showed,that the positive control articular chondrocytes were disarranged,deformated,degenerated,with necrosis and extensive areas of chondrocyte loss;but the two intervention groups only showed fibril formation and swelling and surface cartilage cells became round,flat cartilage cells decreased in number,and cartilage cells clustered and so on early pathological changes of osteoarthritis.At the ends of 3 month and 5 month experiment,the levels of serum CTX- Ⅱ in different groups were,negative control[(18.77 ± 4.61),(25.07 ± 9.17)μg/L],high-dose intervention[ (21.11 ± 5.02),(33.20 ± 9.74)μg/L ],low-dose intervention [ ( 19.87 ± 4.53 ),( 29.73 ± 9.32 ) μg/L ] and positive control [ ( 24.43 ± 5.23 ),( 39.17 ±10.49 ) μg/L ] ; the levels of serum COMP were,negative control group [ (5.43 ± 2.75 ),( 6.38 ± 2.23 ) μg/L ],highdose intervention group[ (17.27 ± 4.77),(20.32 ± 4.74)μg/L],low-dose intervention group[(20.13 ± 5.07),(19.44 ± 4.92)μg/L] and positive control group[ (21.37 ± 4.72),(24.52 ± 4.26)μg/L].At the end of 3 month,compared with negative control group,the level of serum CTX- Ⅱ in other three groups increased,but only positive control group increased significantly(P ＜ 0.05) ; at the end of 5 month,compared with negative control group,the level of serum CTX-Ⅱ in other three groups increased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),and the level of CTX-Ⅱ in the two intervention groups was significantly lower compared with that of positive control group(all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with negative control group,the level of serum COMP in other groups increased significantly at the end of 3 month (all P ＜ 0.05) and only the level of serum COMP in high-dose intervention group was significantly lower compared with that of positive control group(P ＜ 0.05).At the end of 5 month,compared with negative control group,the level of serum COMP in other three groups increased significantly,the difference were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of serum COMP in the two intervention groups were significantly lower than that of positive control group(all P ＜ 0.05).At the ends of 3 month and 5 month,the content of urinary DPD in negative control group were[ (3.47 ± 2.20),(4.14 ± 1.06)μg/L],positive control group[ (4.09 ± 2.48),(4.33 ± 3.43)μg/L],high-dose intervention group[ (3.86 ± 2.31 ),(5.72 ± 3.89)μg/L] and low-dose intervention group[ (3.58 ± 2.77),(4.23 ± 2.90)μg/L].The difference between the 4 groups were not statistically significant (F =2.608,2.436,all P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsType Ⅱ collagen could effectively reduce the level of serum CTX-Ⅱ and COMP in experimental rats and delay the process of articular cartilage damage induced by T-2 toxin.

ObjectiveTo study the impact of jogging mode on T-2 toxin-induced articular cartilage injury in rats,and to evaluate the role of movement in the development of bone and joint disease.MethodsA hundred Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:negative control group(free activities in the cage),positive control group(firee activities in the cage),high-regulation group(regular exercise,the treadmill speed of 24 m/min),lowregulation group (regular exercise,the treadmill speed of 12 m/min) and the random group(random exercise,the treadmill speed of 12 or 24 n/min).The negative control group was fed on commercial grain fodder and other groups were fed on grain fodder contaminated with T-2 toxin.At the end of 5,10 weeks,the histopathological changes of hyaline cartilage were detected by optical microscope,and the level of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was determined.ResultsArticular cartilage lesions in each experimental group was evident,presented as cartilage cell degeneration,necrosis,karyopyknosis deeply stained,cells arranged in disorder and cell proliferation,articular dryness,and so on.Compared with the positive control group,the cartilage surface cells of rats in the movement groups showed degeneration,necrosis and loss of cells obviously.The injury in high-regulation group was the most serious than that in other movement groups,with the surface and the middle layer lesions,and a large area of cartilage necrosis,and loss of matrix collagen; cartilage degeneration,polarity disappeared,cell proliferation-based disorder showed in random group.The pathological changes of rat articular cartilage damage worsened with the extension of experimental period.The serum levels of COMP at week 5 in experimental groups were higher than that of both the negative control group and the positive control group,and the difference was statistically significant (F =15.733,P ＜ 0.05 ); compared with negative control group [ (11.55 ± 0.89)μg/L],the COMP levels in high-regulation group,low-regulation group,random group[(13.95 ± 1.23),(14.96 ± 1.29),( 12.99 ± 1.43)μg/L] were significantly higher(all P ＜ 0.05); compared with the positive control group[(12.32 ± 1.38) μg/L],the COMP levels in high-regulation group and low-regulation group were significantly higher(all P ＜ 0.05) ; and compared between the exercise groups,the COMP levels in low-regulatinn group were higher than that of random group(P ＜ 0.05).At week 10,the changes were in the same trend as that of week 5,and the difference between groups was statistically significant (F =6.144,P ＜ 0.05) ; and compared with the negative control group [(10.59 ± 1.93)μg/L],the COMP levels in high-regulation group,low-regulation group,random group [ ( 13.72 ± 2.67 ),( 14.94 ± 1.06 ),( 13.21 ± 1.58 ) μg/L] were significantly higher(all P ＜ 0.05) ; compared with the positive control group[ (11.45 ± 0.12)μg/L],the COMP levels in low-regulation group were significantly higher (P＜0.05); but compared with the exercise groups,the difference were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).ConclusionsHigh-intensity regular running and irregular intensity running can increase the articular cartilage damage,and injury of articular cartilage by low-intensity treadmill exercise is not significant.

Chinese medical thesaurus was constructed setting knowledge element as the core and knowledge classification as the basis. In making the full use of our previous traditional knowledge classification research on traditional knowledge protection of TCM, the ancient literature of TCM knowledge classification system was constructed. The construction of TCM ancient books thesaurus plays a vital role in ancient Chinese medicine resource description, intelligent retrieval and knowledge discovery. This article disscussed the necessity of constructing Chinese medical thesaurus and the problems need to pay attention to in the process of building from three points of the Chinese medical thesaurus construction idea, plan, and the relevant system construction.

Objective To observe the effect of autophagy inhibitor on the activation of alcohol induced hepatic stel-late cells, and the mechanisms thereof. Methods HSC-T6 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups, includ-ing blank control group, alcohol group, 5 mmol/L 3-MA+alcohol group (low alcohol group) and 10 mmol/L 3-MA+alcohol group (high alcohol group). RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and typeⅠcollagen. The levels of LC3Ⅱ,α-SMA and typeⅠcollagen were detected by Western blot assay. The cell viability of HSC-T6 was detected by MTT assay. Results The mRNA expressions ofα-SMA, typeⅠcollagen and the protein of expressionsα-SMA, typeⅠcollagen and LC3Ⅱwere significantly up-regulated in alcohol group compared with those of control group (P<0.05), while the expressions of those parameters were significantly down-regulated in 10 mmol/L 3-MA+alcohol group (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels ofα-SMA and typeⅠcollagen were significantly decreased in two 3-MA-treated groups compared with those in alcohol group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the 5 mmol/L 3-MA+alcohol group,the protein expressions ofα-SMA, typeⅠcollagen and LC3Ⅱwere significantly decreased in10 mmol/L 3-MA+alcohol group (P < 0.05 ). Compared with the alcohol group,there was significantly lower proliferation activity in all two 3-MA-treated groups (P<0.05). Conclusion 3-MA can inhibit the protein expression of LC3Ⅱ,α-SMA and typeⅠcollagen induced by alcohol in HSC-T6 cells, and inhibit the proliferation of HSC cells.

Objective To evaluate the effects of endogenous NO on the chemosensitivity of human breast cancer cell. Methods MCF-7 cells were cultured as monolayer, incubated with cytokine IL-1β. The pro-duction of NO was detected by NO assay. The expression of iNOS protein was measured by Western blotting. Establishing control group and experimental group, the chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells incubated by L-NMMA and L-Arg to ADM and 5-Fu was studied by MTT assay. Results There was a positive correlation of dose-dependence between NO production and IL-1β concentration. MCF-7 cells expressed plenty of iNOS by induetion of IL-1β. There was no significant difference on iNOS whether L-NMMA and L-Arg existed or not. Incubating MCF-7 cells with 0. 5 μmol/L or 1 μmol/L ADM, the survival rate of experiment group was remarkablely decreased(P < 0.05) ; L-NMMA significantly increased survival rate of experiment group(P < O. 05) ; L-Arg decreased survival rate of experiment group(P < 0.05). Conclusion The induction of IL-113 in MCF-7 cells can increase the production of endogenous NO, which increases MCF-7 cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy.

SWNTs are a mixture of 1/3 metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) and 2/3 semiconducting SWNTs (s-SWNTs). It is desirable to separate the metallic SWNTs from the semi-conducting ones. In this study m-SWNTs was separated by using a poly[(m-phenylenevinylene)-alt-(p-phenylenevinylene)] (PmPV) derivative and used as photo-thermal media instead of SWNTs. The separation effects of m-SWNTs were evaluated by Raman spectra, molecular modeling and TEM images. The effects of m-SWNTs on MCF-7 cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated with MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. m-SWNTs were separated with high purity. A strong inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth was observed with the m-SWNTs under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Our results will be helpful for the potential applications of m-SWNTs in clinical photothermal cancer therapy.
Apoptosis ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Light ; MCF-7 Cells ; drug effects ; Models, Molecular ; Nanotubes, Carbon

Objective To explore the correlation between high-risk human papillomavirus(hr-HPV) viral load and severity of cervical lesion. Methods One thousand eight hundred and six women undergoing both hr-HPV DNA test by hybrid capture Ⅱ(HCⅡ) and colposcopic biopsy for histologic results were enrolled in this study.Correlation between hr-HPV viral load and pathological findings was investigated. Results Of 1 806 cases,641(35.5%) patients were positive for HPV DNA.23.2%(301/1299) of women with normal diagnosis had HPV infection,significantly lower than cervical lesion including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and cervical cancer(P=0.000).Associations(odds ratio) among severity of cervical lesion and viral load were calculated.The significantly increased risk only existed between cervical cancer and CIN1 on high viral load(odds ratio,8.5;95% confidence interval,1.0-71.4;P=0.049).Furthermore,viral load values in CIN1,2,3 and cervical cancer were calculated and median analysis revealed non-significant difference(P=0.712). Conclusion The hr-HPV viral load can distinguish cervical lesion as CIN and cervical cancer from normal one,while the prediction of the severity of cervical lesion may be inadequate and need further investigations.

Objective To investigate the effect of indomethacin on prevention of heterotopic ossification (HO)after operative treatment of acetabular fractures.Methods Fifty patients with acetabular fractures received in our department operative treatment through Kocher-langenbeck(K-L)approach and oral administration of in- domethacin afer operation from February 2001 to August 2003.Forty-eight of them were successfully followed up for incidence of HO and their clinical functions were assessed.The results were compared with those of 40 patients who had been treated with the same operative procedures but without oral administration of indomethacin in our depart- ment from March 1993 to May 1998.The patients who could not tolerate the drug were not included.Results The follow-ups averaged 22.8 months(range,6 to 39 months).HO occurred in eight cases.The incidence of HO was 16.7%(8/48).According to Brooker evaluation of HO,five cases were rated as degreeⅠ,three as degreeⅡ, and none as degreeⅢorⅣ.The incidence of severe HO was 0.In the control group,the incidence of HO was 35.0%(14/40)and the incidence of severe HO was 10.0%(4/40).The differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Oral administration of indomethacin after operative treatment of acetabular fractures can inhibit HO.

Objective To explore the effect of electroacupuncture on CD 34 +VEGFR2 +endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived vessels and stromal cell-derived factor-1α(SDF-1α)/CXCR4, and study its mechanism of promoting an-giogenesis in hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia /reperfusion .Methods A total of 180 healthy male adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group, model (I/R) group, electroacupuncture (I/RE) group, I/RE plus AMD3100 (A specific antagonist of CXCR4) group (I/REA) and AMD3100 (I/RA) group. The rats received filament occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 2 hours followed by reperfusion .Electroacupunc-ture was applied to “Baihui” (GV20)/“Siguan” (Hegu LI 4/Taichong LR 3) acupoints for 30 min, once a day.The mR-NA expression of SDF-1αand CXCR4 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) .Double immunofluorescence was used to stain CD 34 +VEGFR2 +EPC-derived vessels.Results Compared with the sham group, the mRNA expressions of SDF-1αand CXCR4 were significantly upregulated in I/R and I/RE group ( P<0.05 ) , but that in I/RE group was more significantly increased than I/R group(P<0.05).In addition, the mRNA expression of SDF-1αand CXCR4 were highly increased on day 1 in the I/REA group than that of I/RE group, but decreased than that of I/RE group on day 7 after reperfusion (P<0.01).CD34 +VEGFR2 +EPCs-derived vessels were obviously increased on 3d and 7d in the I/RE group compared with that of the I/R group, and significantly decreased on 7d in the I/REA group compared with that of the I/RE group ( P<0.01) .Conclusions Electroacupuncture can effectively promote an-giogenesis through upregulating the expression of SDF-1αand CXCR4 in rat ischemic hippocampus after focal cerebral is-chemia/reperfusion.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the outcomes and adverse effects of sequential therapy of BTD and MPT regimen for the newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients no eligible for high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Methods Thirty-six patients were involved in this study and the patients were treated with tandem therapy of BTD and MPT regimen. The patients were treated with BTD regimen as induced therapy no less than 2 cycles. When the patients got PR or above PR,they were treated with MPT regimen as consolidation therapy which was no less than 2 cycles. Then,the patients who achieved PR or partial PR were received MPT chemotherapy regimen as consequent treatment. After that,low dose thalidomide was used as maintenance therapy. The outcomes and adverse effects were retrospectively evaluated. Results Thirty-six patients were treated with BTD regimen as induced therapy. The results were that 7 patients (19.4 %) achieved CR,8 (22.2 %) VGPR,14 (38.9 %) PR and the OR rate was 80.6 %. The patients (n=29) who achieved no less than PR was treated with MPT regimen as consequent therapy. The results were that four patients were in progression and the others were stable. Twenty-five patients were treated with low dose thalidomide as maintenance therapy. The median progression-free survival (PFS) did not reached yet until last follow-up (median follow-up time was 16.5 months). One-year overall survival rate was expected 86.0 % and 3-year expected overall survival rate was 77.0 %. The main regimen-associated toxicities included thrombocytopenia,peripheral neuropathy (PN),Herpes Zoster,gastrointestinal symptoms,anemia,neutropenia,constipation,fatigue,rash and so on. The incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events was low. Conclusion Sequential therapy of BTD and MPT regimen can be used as the front-line therapy for the newly-diagnosed multiple myeloma patients no eligible for high dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation.