OBJECTIVE:To probe into the condition of the occurrence of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs) induced by Chinese materia medica.METHODS:A total of 933 ADR cases induced by Chinese materia medica published in 100 different kinds of journals during 2000～2008 were studied retrospectively.RESULTS:A total of 156 kinds of Chinese materia medica were involved in these ADRs,which were administered by 5 routes,with intravenous administration showing the highest incidence at 78.46%. Among all the ADRs,the systemic reactions represented 57.77%.CONCLUSION:It is necessary to popularize the knowledge on safe medication of Chinese materia medica,standardize clinical rational use of Chinese materia medica and its preparations and tighten control and monitoring on the ADRs induced by Chinese materia medica.

A new class of dendrimer polylysine poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid was designed and synthesized. The cationic polymer liposomes were prepared by the lipid film-extrusion and post-insertion two methods with these dendrimer polylysine poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid and other lipids. The structural properties of obtained cationic polymer liposomes were studied by laser light scattering and fluorescence spectrometer. It was demonstrated that the nano sized liposomes with different density of surface cationic charges can be prepared by either lipid film-extrusion or post-insertion methods, but post-insertion process did not affect drug loading, did not influence drug loading capacity and did not induce liposomal morphology and particle size. The density of positive charge does not affect the size and distribution of different liposomes size and distribution. It was the better choice for manufacture because post-insertion method did not cause early release of drug and size changes. Cell binding experiments show that cationic polymer liposomes, especially dendrimer polymer liposomes had higher local charge density, and therefore have dramatic non specific cell targeting ability.

The characteristics and rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia were analyzed. By searching CNKI, VIP, WF, literature regarding acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia from 1980 to 2013 was collected to establish an acupuncture prescription database. The data mining technology was applied to analyze the characteristics and rules of the acupoint selection. As a result, a total of 180 papers were included, involving 148 acupoints. It was found that the acupoints that had high frequency of selection included Hegu (LI 4), Xiaguan (ST 7), Fengchi (GB 20) and trigger points. The acupoints selected were distributed in 14 meridians, in which yangming meridian of hand-foot had a frequency of 41. 58%. The special acupoints including crossing points, yuan-primary points and five-shu points were widely used, accounting for 65. 9%. As for the branch of trigeminal nerve, the top-3 selected acupoints were Yangbai (GB 14), Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Cuanzhu (BL 2) in the first branch, Sibai (ST 2), Quanlian (SI 18), Yingxiang (LI 20) in the second branch, Jiache (ST 6), Xiaguan (ST 7), Dicang (ST 4) in the third branch. In conclusion, it is believed that the clinical treatment of trigeminal neural gia focuses on local acupoints in combination with nerve distribution-based acupoints and distal acupoints, also the special acupoints are emphasized.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Data Mining ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; therapy

Objective To explore the effect of emergency pre-hospital care intervention procedures on patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage treatment. Methods One hundred and eighty patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage rescued in the ambulance of our hospital from June 2011 to June 2014 were selected as the observation group , and another 120 patients of acute cerebral hemorrhage escorted by family members to our hospital during the same period were set as a control group. The patients in the observation group were given guidance nursing, on-site emergency care, emergency care and hospital transit emergency care, and the patients in the control group were given rescue in the hospital. The two groups were compared in terms of effective transit time. Results The effective transit time for the patients in the observation group was (0.87 ± 0.19)h, significantly shorter than the control group (1.26 ± 0.35) h (P<0.05). The complication rate in the observation group was 22.22%, significantly lower than that of the control group (54.17%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Pre-hospital emergency care intervention for patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage can effectively shorten transit time, reduce complications and improve outcome and improve survival, worthy of promotion.

Objective To investigate the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and ultrastructural changes in cultured endothelial cells from human cerebral microvessels under hypoxic conditions.Methods Human cerebral microvessels were isolated from freshly obtained specimens of normal brain adherent to resected cerebral arteriovenous malformations.The expression of factor Ⅷ-relative antigen(FⅧ-RA) in cultured cells was observed with immunocytochemistry.The level of VEGFmRNA in cells and released VEGF protein in cell supernatant were determined by RT-PCR analysis and ELISA respectively when they were exposed to hypoxic conditions(95% N_2,5% CO_2;two hours,four hours,eight hours) or maintained in basal condition.Ultrastructural changes in cells were also observed by electron microscopy.Results In inverted microscope the cultured cells showed contact inhibition and a rounded cobblestone appearance.More than 90% of them were stained strongly with antibodies against FⅧ-RA.Significant VEGF mRNA and protein accumulated when these cells were exposed to hypoxia for 4 hours.However,their VEGF expression was down-regulated after hypoxia for 8 hours and a number of vesicles and swollen mitochondria were present in the cytoplasm.Conclusion The level of VEGF expression may havesignificant relationship with ultrastructural changes in human cerebral endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions.

Objective:To investigate the protective role of heme oxygenase-1 and its reaction product,carbon monoxide against acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups with five in each.The control group received a single dose of corn oil injection.Carbon tetrachloride was injected intraperitoneally(i.p) to establish acute liver injury models in rats.Hemin(50 ?mol/kg) was administered i.p.12 hours before CCl_4 treatment,with an aim to induce HO-1 protein expression in the liver of rats.Carbon monoxide was injected i.p.12 hours prior to CCl_4 injection,resulting in about 8%-12% carboxyhemoglobin concentration in vivo.The expression of HO-1 in the liver of hemin-treated rats was determined by western blot method at different time points.At 24 h after carbon tetrachloride administration,all rats were sacrificed to collect blood samples for the examination of ALT,AST levels and to remove liver tissues for analysis of MDA concentration,SOD activity and caspase-3 activity as well as TNF-a contents.In addition,histopathological changes were investigated and hepatocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method.Results: The administration of carbon tetrachloride to rats caused a marked hepatic damage,characterized by significant elevation of serum ALT,AST levels(2 136.3?163.4 U,1 422.7?221.7 U) and liver MDA con-tent(5.28?0.93 ?mol/g),caspase-3 activitiy(optical density value(4.69)?1.02) and TNF-? level(256.3?27.3 ng/L) combined with a remarkable reduction in liver SOD activity(45.9?14.8 U/mg) as compared with the control rats.Histopathological observations revealed severe damage in the liver and prominent hepatocyte apoptosis took place in CCl_4treated rats.However,pretreatment with hemin could induce high expression of HO-1 protein and exert potent protective effects against liver injury,as demonstrated by a significant decrease in ALT,AST levels(287.1?24.3 U,246.2?21.7 U) and MDA concentration(3.27?1.34 ?mol/g),reduction in caspase-3 activity(optical density value 2.49?1.47) and TNF-? level(132.6?19.5 ng/L),as compared with the CCl_4-treated rats.Moreover,hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury were both attenuated remarkably in the liver of rats pretreated with hemin.In contrast to hemin administration,single injection of exogenous CO produced the same protective effects,as indicated by the remarkable reduction of ALT,AST levels and caspase-3 activity and TNF-a levels.Conclusion: The above results suggest that HO-1/CO system has a potent protective effect on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.Induction of HO-1 expression and low concentration of CO can inhibit the progress of hepatic damage,which might be due to the alleviation of lipid peroxidation and reduction of caspase-3 activity or inhibition of TNF-? level.

Objective:To investigate the role of the expression of E-cadherin(E-Cad) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2(TIMP-2) in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:The E-Cad and TIMP-2 expressions were studied immun ohistochemistrically in 30 specimens of colorectal adenoma and 60 specimens of CRC.Results:The expression rates of E-Cad were 87.10% in colorectal adenoma and 55.00% in CRC, the former was apparently higher than that of the later (P0.05);The significant relationship was observed between low TIMP-2 expression and Dukes stage, metastasis of lymph node and distant organs and poor prognosis.Conclusion:The detection of expression about E-Cad and TIMP-2 may be helpful to judge the malignant behavior and metastasis and prognosis with colorectal carcinoma,furthermore the expression of TIMP-2 may be used to know prognosis of patients.

Objectiye To investigate the value of liver transplantation for the treatment of end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE).Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with end-stage HAE who received liver transplantation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2000 to August 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The operation time,anhepatic phase,infusion of suspension of red blood cells and postoperative complications were observed.Results The median operation time,anhepatic phase and infusion of suspension of red blood cells were 635 minutes(range,490-760 minutes),66 minutes(range,44-240 minutes)and 20 U(range,4-40 U).Liver transplantation was successfully carried out on 7 patients except for 1 patient who received emergent liver transplantation died of severe hepatic encephalopathy,renal failure and coagulation disorder on postoperative day 1.The median follow-up time was 6 months(range,3-29 months).One patient died of septicopyemia in postoperative month 3,1 died of incurable infection of bile duct in postoperative month 5,and 1 died of acute rejection in postoperative month 6.One patient was complicated with stricture of the bile duct anastomosis,and was cured by choledochojejunostomy.The size of the metastatic lesion in the left lung of 1 patient was reduced.One patient who underwent liver autotransplantation had no signs of residual liver disease with good liver function.Conclusion End-stage HAE is an indication for liver transplantation.A minimum dose of immunosuppressive agent and systemic administration of anti-HAE drugs are necessary to prevent the recurrence of HAE and ensure a long-term survival.Liver autotransplantation is the optimal method for the treatment of end-stage HAE,because no immunosuppressive agent is needed after operation.

AIM: To explore the frequency of drug injection of alloxan diabetes on the established model of rabbit.METHODS: Thirty-six healthy rabbits, weighing 2-2.5kg, were randomly divided into one time drug injection group (group A, n=12), two times drug injection group (group B, n=12) and three times drug injection group (group C, n=12). Each rabbit was injected with a total amount of 150mg/kg of alloxan. Fasting blood glucose was measured. The success rate and death rate of each group were also calculated.RESULTS: The success rate of diabetic rabbit model in group B was higher than that in group A (P<0.01) and its death rate was lower than that of group A (P<0.01); the success rate of diabetic rabbit model in group C was highest and the death rate was the lowest in three groups(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Multiple administration of alloxan can improve success rate in establishing diabetic rabbit model with decreased death rate and increased stability.