The characteristics and rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia were analyzed. By searching CNKI, VIP, WF, literature regarding acupuncture for trigeminal neuralgia from 1980 to 2013 was collected to establish an acupuncture prescription database. The data mining technology was applied to analyze the characteristics and rules of the acupoint selection. As a result, a total of 180 papers were included, involving 148 acupoints. It was found that the acupoints that had high frequency of selection included Hegu (LI 4), Xiaguan (ST 7), Fengchi (GB 20) and trigger points. The acupoints selected were distributed in 14 meridians, in which yangming meridian of hand-foot had a frequency of 41. 58%. The special acupoints including crossing points, yuan-primary points and five-shu points were widely used, accounting for 65. 9%. As for the branch of trigeminal nerve, the top-3 selected acupoints were Yangbai (GB 14), Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Cuanzhu (BL 2) in the first branch, Sibai (ST 2), Quanlian (SI 18), Yingxiang (LI 20) in the second branch, Jiache (ST 6), Xiaguan (ST 7), Dicang (ST 4) in the third branch. In conclusion, it is believed that the clinical treatment of trigeminal neural gia focuses on local acupoints in combination with nerve distribution-based acupoints and distal acupoints, also the special acupoints are emphasized.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Data Mining ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; therapy

Objective To explore the methods of preparing whole blood control of seven trace elements (magnesium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc,lead,calcium) in laboratory and evaluate its performance.Methods Heparin sodium anticoagulant calf whole blood was used as substrateMetal salt or standard solution with target concentration of each element was added.And whole blood control product was made after process of anticorrosion,mixing and sub-packaging.Antibacterial effect was observed,uniformity and stabilitywasevaluatedaccording to CNAS-GL03 and matrix effects was evaluatedaccording to CLSI EP14.SDI (standard deviation index) and detection coefficient of variation (CV)were calculated to evaluateapplication effectiveness.Results Laboratory preparation of whole blood control reached target concentration,sterility tests was qualified,results of uniformity and stability indicated that the substrate was even and stable at least for one year.Besides,matrix effects of other six elements can be ignored except lead.Historical and inter-laboratory comparisons had shown that laboratory preparation of whole blood control has no obvious difference with commercial ones in performance.Conclusion The formulation and evaluation scheme of whole blood control of seven trace elements (magnesium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc,lead,calcium) was feasible and can be used as commercial ones for elementary tests in medical laboratory.

Objective To investigate the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and ultrastructural changes in cultured endothelial cells from human cerebral microvessels under hypoxic conditions.Methods Human cerebral microvessels were isolated from freshly obtained specimens of normal brain adherent to resected cerebral arteriovenous malformations.The expression of factor Ⅷ-relative antigen(FⅧ-RA) in cultured cells was observed with immunocytochemistry.The level of VEGFmRNA in cells and released VEGF protein in cell supernatant were determined by RT-PCR analysis and ELISA respectively when they were exposed to hypoxic conditions(95% N_2,5% CO_2;two hours,four hours,eight hours) or maintained in basal condition.Ultrastructural changes in cells were also observed by electron microscopy.Results In inverted microscope the cultured cells showed contact inhibition and a rounded cobblestone appearance.More than 90% of them were stained strongly with antibodies against FⅧ-RA.Significant VEGF mRNA and protein accumulated when these cells were exposed to hypoxia for 4 hours.However,their VEGF expression was down-regulated after hypoxia for 8 hours and a number of vesicles and swollen mitochondria were present in the cytoplasm.Conclusion The level of VEGF expression may havesignificant relationship with ultrastructural changes in human cerebral endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions.

Objective To investigate the effect of manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) at 7.0T for tracing nerve tracts in rat brain in vivo. Methods With brain stereotactic apparatus, 0.4 μl Mncl_2 with aqueous solution of 1 mol/L was injected into the right somatosensory cortex of 9 SD rats. MR scan was performed for tracing corticospinal tracts and other coherent nerve tracts pre-, and 24, 48, 72 h, 7 days post-injection with 7.0T micro-MRI system, respectively. Results Corticospinal tracts were showed in intact after Mn~(2+) administration from somatosensory cortex, thalamus, cerebral peduncle to pons at the time point of 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days, while the best tdisplaying was achieved at 24-48 h after Mn~(2+) administration. Simultaneously a small quantity of Mn~(2+) reached the opposite somatosensory cortex through the corpus callosum. Conclusion MEMRI for tracing rat nerve tracts can be showed clearly with 7.0T MRI. The location of manganese-enhanced corticospinal tracts in agreement with the rat brain atlas in stereotaxic is in agreement with that Paxinos' published. MEMRI can display the relationship between the two sides of hemisphere, and may play an important role in investigating the brain function and nerve plasticity after nerve injury in vivo.

The effect of cholesterol ester transfer protein(CETP) on SR-B1 mRNA expression in mouse liver was investigated.The results demonstrated that CETP transgenic mice showed lower serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels but higher total cholesterol and cholesterol ester content in liver when compared with wild type mice(P＜0.05).The expression of SR-B1 mRNA in liver of CETP transgenic mice was significantly lower as compared with the control group(P＜0.05).

Objective To assess the effectiveness of the combined treatment model for Wilms'tumor and to improve treatment results.Methods Fifty-five patients diagnosed with Wilms' tumor between July 1981 to June 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Eighteen patients were diagnosed by preoperative ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy,and 53 patients were confirmed by postoperative pathology results.Seven cases were in clinical stage Ⅰ,19 cases in clinical stage Ⅱ,21 cases in stage Ⅲ,six cases in stage Ⅳ and two cases in stage Ⅴ.Thirty-five cases had histopathological subtype,30 cases had the favorable type,and five cases had the unfavorable type.Among the 55 patients,kidney tumor resection was performed on 48 cases,wide edge partial nephrectomy was performed on two cases,tumor enucleation was performed on one bilateral renal tumor case,kidney tumor resection with pulmonary metastasectomy was performed on two cases,and two cases had no surgical procedures.Eighteen cases received preoperative chemotherapy,40 cases received postoperative chemotherapy,and 12 cases received postoperative radiotherapy.Patients were grouped according to age,stage,histological type,treatment model,treatment course and whether or not they had radiotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier method was used in the evaluation and comparison of over survival (OS),disease free survival (DFS) and relapse free survival (RFS) of the different groups to reveal the relationship between different grouping factors with the prognosis of Wilms' tumor. ResultsThe median of follow-up was 34 mon ( ranging from 3 to 355 mon).The 3-year OS,5-year OS and 2-year DFS were 77.6％,69.0％ and 52.4％,respectively.The differences of OS in different stages ( P =0.006 ),DFS between pure operation group and combined therapy group ( P =0.004 ) and RFS between radiotherapy group and no radiotherapy group ( P =0.03 ) were significant,P ＜ 0.05.ConclusionsThe normative multi-disciplinary treatment model for patients with Wilms' tumor can achieve good results and is well tolerated.

Objective To explore the clinical prognostic significance of arterial blood lactate level and early lactate clearance rate in elderly septic patients. Methods Totally 82 elderly septic patients who were admitted into emergency department were enrolled.Their arterial blood lactate levels were tested at admission and 6 hours later. Early lactate clearance rate was calculated as following:(lactate level of admission minus lactate level of 6 hours later) /lactate level of admission ×100 ％. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at admission,and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHE Ⅱ ) score was evaluated in the first 24 hours.28 days after admission was the end of research.Patients were divided into survival group (n=59) and death group (n=23).Taking 10％ as cut-off,patients were divided into high lactate clearance (≥ 10％) group (n=59) and low lactate clearance (＜10％) group (n=23).Values of arterial blood lactate level,APACHE Ⅱ score and early lactate clearance to predict the prognosis of elderly septic patients were determined by ROC curves. Results Arterial blood lactate level was lower in survival group than death group[(2.4± 1.7)mmol/L vs.(3.9±3.2)mmol/L,P＜0.01].Early lactate clearance was higher in survival group than death group [(339.0 ± 28.0) ％ and (300.0 ± 81.0) ％,P ＜ 0.01].Mortality of high lactate clearance group was decreased as compared with low lactate clearance group [18.6％ (11/59) and 52.2％ (12/23),P＜0.01].The thresholds of early lactate clearance to predict mortality of elderly septic patients were 24.0％ (sensitivity 72.9％,specificity 65.2％) which was more valuable than APACHE Ⅱ score ( sensitivity 65.2 ％,specificity 57.6 ％). Conclusions Arterial blood lactate level and early lactate clearance were meaningful predictors for prognosis of elderly septic patients.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for 28-day mortality of elderly patients with non-cardiac critical ill in emergency intensive care unit (EICU). Methods A total of 70 elderly non-cardiac critically ill patients (age≥60 years) in EICU were enrolled, and the blood samples were collected to detect BNP level after the patients' admission to EICU. After 28 days, the mortality was assessed. Results Twenty-two patients (31.4 %) died during 28 days observation, whose BNP levels were significantly higher than that of the survivors [ln BNP: (6.4 ± 1.2) ng/L vs. ( 5. 1 ± 1.5 ) ng/L, P＜ 0. 05] ; BNP level had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0. 759 (95% CI: 0. 636-0. 882, P＜0.05) for predicting mortality,and the optimal cut point of BNP was 342 ng/L (sensitivity 77.3%, specificity 68.7%).Conclusions BNP level could be a predictor for 28-days mortality for elderly non-cardiac critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of detoxifying and blood circulation activating Chinese herb extraction of polygonum cuspidatum and hawthorn on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque integral and plaque stability related serum indexes of patients with carotid atherosclerosis.

METHODSixty and four cases of carotid artery atherosclerosis patients were assigned randomly to 2 groups: detoxifying and blood circulation activating treatment group (treatment group, 32 cases) and control group (32 cases). Patients in treatment group were treated with capsules of extraction of polygonum cuspidatum and hawthorn, 1 pill po, bid (dosage of administration: polygonum cuspidatum extraction 5.33 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), hawthorn extraction 5.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)); patients in control group were treated with lovastatin 20 mg po, qd (dosage of administration: 0.33 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)). The course of treatment was six months. To observe changes of IMT, plaque integral, and detect the level of plaque stability related serum indexes such as Hs-CRP, MMP-1 and TIMP-1.

RESULTAfter 6 months of treatment, in control group one patient quit the clinical trial because of liver dysfunction and one patient was rejected because of having not followed the therapeutic regimen. 32 cases in treatment group and 30 cases in control group were analyzed. The results showed that IMT and plaque integral of treatment group decreased significantly after the treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference compared with control grope. Serum Hs-CRP, MMP-1 and MMP-1/TIMP-1 decreased after the treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the treatment group was superior to control group in decreasing serum Hs-CRP (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDetoxifying and blood circulation activating Chinese herb extraction of polygonum cuspidatum and hawthorn has good effect of anti-atherosclerosis and promoting plaque stability. Its mechanism might be related with anti-inflammation and inhibiting degradation of extracellular matrix, and deserves further studies.

C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; blood ; drug therapy ; Crataegus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fallopia japonica ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Safety ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; blood

Six kinds of saponins (I, II, VII, PA, H) content of 22 samples of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis collected from different regions of Yunnan province were determined by HPLC, data was analyzed by SPSS 17. The results showed that the effect of altitude on saponin content was not significant, and the effect of growth area of saponins in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was significant, saponin content in sample from west Yunnan was significantly higher than that of samples from other regions.
Altitude ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Saponins ; analysis