Problems and insufficiency in Infectious Disease teaching were analyzed and several improvement measures were proposed to emend the teaching outline,to strengthen the construction of teaching material,to improve teaching staff quality and to improve class and experiment teaching quality.

Objective To improve the poor water-solubility of nimodipine,nimodipine-loaded PLEG copoly- met nanopartieles were prepared to avoid the sedimentation of its crystal from water,which could also shun the blood vessel stimulation caused by ethanol,a cosolvent,in the injection.Methods Solvent evaporation method was used to prepare water-dispersing nimodipine-loaded nanoparticles,whose lyophilized powder was further prepared,with PLEG2000 as drug carrier.Particle size,Zeta potential,embedding ratio,drug loading,shape and redispersion ability of the lyophilized powder were determined.Results Concerning the lyophilized nanoparticle powders,the particle sizes were 136nm,the Zeta potentials were -29.90mV,the embedding ratio was 67.9% and the drug loading was 6.17%.Conclusion Prepared nimodipine-loaded nanoparticles solved the problem of poor water-solubility of ni- modipine basically.It also avoided the recrystallization process of the drug and reduced the blood vessel stimulation caused by ethanol in the injection.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Qingyi Granule (QYG) on high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) expressions in liver and renal tissues of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) rats.

METHODSFifty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the sham-operation (SO) group, the SAP group, and the QYG group according to random digits table. Rats in the SAP group were induced by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate (STC). Liver and renal pathological changes were observed by HE staining. Serum contents of amylase (AMS), MDA, IL-1, and HMGB1 were detected by ELISA. HMGB1 protein expressions in liver and renal tissues were tested by immunohistochemistry. HMGB1 mRNA expressions in liver and renal tissues were detected by reversed transcription PCR.

RESULTSThe pathological scores, serum levels of AMS, MDA, IL-1 and HMGB1, and protein and mRNA HMGB1 expressions in liver and renal tissues were increased more obviously in the SAP group than in the SO group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). All of them could be down-regulated by QYG intervention, with the most significant effect seen at 72 h (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in a time-effect relationship.

CONCLUSIONSHMGB1 participated in SAP complicated liver and renal injuries. QYG could effectively inhibit HMGB1 expressions, thereby attenuating SAP complicated liver and renal injuries.

Amylases ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; HMGB1 Protein ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1 ; Kidney ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Taurocholic Acid

Animals ; Antibody-Producing Cells ; drug effects ; Female ; Immunity ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phenols ; toxicity ; T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the reliability of a novel rating scale, unified multiple system atrophy rating scale, section Ⅰ(UMSARS-Ⅰ) in the evaluation of illness severity in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). Methods A retrospective analysis and a prospective follow-up study were conducted by using UMSARS-Ⅰ in 46 patients with MSA, and the Schwab and England scale was employed and illness severity was graded. The reliability, validity and sensitivity to change of UMSARS-Ⅰ in evaluating the illness severity of MSA were estimated. Results UMSARS-Ⅰ enjoyed high internal consistency (standard Crohnbach's ?=0.88) and sound content, criterion-related, construct and discriminant validity in the evaluation of illness severity of MSA, and a moderate sensiti-vity to change was found(effect size=0.61). Conclusion UMSARS-Ⅰ is a reliable and multidimensional semi-quantitative scale in the measurement of severity and progression of impairment in MSA.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers ; analysis ; Workplace

ObjectiveTo analyze cerebral hemorrhagic infarction (HI) and relative factors with the database of Standard Stroke Registry (SSR).Methods1 487 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted within 3 days after onset were analyzed with SSR.ResultsHI was observed in 11% of patients, of whom 51% were diagnosed as having cardiogenic embolism. In patients with supratentorial infarction of cardiac origin, 28% had HI (mild 67%, moderate 23, hematoma 10%). On multiple logistic regression analysis, independent factors related with HI were found to be age, prosthetic cardiac valve and NIHSS scores at admission. Patients with more severe HI were associated with a poorer outcome at discharge. Clinical outcome tended to be better in patients receiving thrombolytic agents than in those without receiving agents, while the incidence of HI was slightly more frequent in the former.Conclusion It is confirmed that the SSR database is useful for understanding and analyzing the status of stroke diagnosis and management throughout the nation, and revisions are needed in some formats.

OBJECTIVESince glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common hereditary hemolytic erythrocyte enzyme deficiency, most cases have single nucleotide mutations in the coding region, and current test methods for gene mutation have some missed detections, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of RT-PCR sequencing in the detection of gene mutation in G6PD deficiency.

METHODSAccording to the G6PD/6GPD ratio, 195 children with anemia of unknown cause or who underwent physical examination between August 2013 and July 2014 were classified into G6PD-deficiency group with 130 children (G6PD/6GPD ratio <1.00) and control group with 65 children (G6PD/6GPD ratio≥1.00). The primer design and PCR amplification conditions were optimized, and RT-PCR sequencing was used to analyze the complete coding sequence and verify the genomic DNA sequence in the two groups.

RESULTSIn the G6PD-deficiency group, the detection rate of gene mutation was 100% and 13 missense mutations were detected, including one new mutation. In the control group, no missense mutation was detected in 28 boys; 13 heterozygous missense mutations, 1 homozygous same-sense mutation (C1191T) which had not been reported in China and abroad, and 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms of C1311T were detected in 37 girls. The control group showed a high rate of missed detection of G6PD deficiency (carriers) in the specimens from girls (35%, 13/37).

CONCLUSIONSRT-PCR sequencing has a high detection rate of G6PD gene mutation and a certain value in clinical diagnosis of G6PD deficiency.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Adult ; Female ; Fibroma ; etiology ; Heart Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; physiopathology

It is crucial to improve the health care quality during the progress of constructing the new health care system in both urban and rural area.On the condition of increasing government commonweal investment for the basic health care,the standardized training program for the district medical practitioners will become the pivotal step to improve district health care in urban and rural area,standardize medical service,reduce the medical cost and optimize the accessibility to medical care for the mass.Taking the consideration on the personal resource of district medical service in the urban and rural area in China,certain strategic proposals related to the standardized training program for the fundamental medical practitioners are discussed.