Back Pain ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Indium ; Life Tables ; Low Back Pain ; epidemiology ; Male ; Metallurgy ; Occupational Health ; Pneumoconiosis ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies

Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Genes ; Microfilament Proteins ; genetics ; Muscle Proteins ; genetics ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; pathology ; Rats

Objective To investigate dental caries in 3-year-old children in Jing′an District of Shanghai and analyze the influence of oral cleaning behavior on caries in children. Methods Six hundread 3-year-old children from 12 kindergartens in Jing′an District, Shanghai were randomly selected by cluster sampling method for oral examination, and a self-administered questionnaire survey on children′s oral cleaning behavior was completed by parents.SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results Among the 600 children, the prevalence of dental caries was 42.50%, and the average dmft index was 1.76±2.92.Children who did not brush their teeth had a statistically significant increase in rate of dental caries(χ²=29.995, P < 0.001).Children who brushed their teeth for more than three minutes each time had a statistically significant lower rate of caries(χ²=3.918, P=0.048).Children whose parents helped their children brush their teeth every day had a lower rate of caries than those who brushed teeth by themselves, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=8.718, P=0.013).Logistic regression analysis showed that age of beginning brushing teeth, times of brushing teeth per day and length of brushing teeth per time were all influence factors for caries in children (P < 0.05). Conclusion For the prevention and control of dental caries in 3-year-old, proper oral cleaning behavior is very important.We should make parents as a priority group for doing oral hygiene in children.Schools should strengthen oral health education for parents.Medical institutions should guide and monitor the effectiveness of oral hygiene in children.It is important to reduce the rate of dental caries in preschool children from three aspects:family, school and medical institutions.

Study of geometries of 16 possible isomers for C76N2 based on C78(C2v) by intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) series of methods indicated that the most stable geometry 25,78-C76N2 where two nitrogen atoms substitute two apexes C25 and C78 near the shortest X axis and Y axis formed by two hexagons and a pentagon. Electronic structures and spectra of C76N2 were investigated. The reason for the red-shift for absorptions of C76N2 compared with that of C78(C2v) is discussed.
Carbon Compounds, Inorganic ; analysis ; chemistry ; Computer Simulation ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Isomerism ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Nitrogen Compounds ; analysis ; chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods

Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Publishing ; standards ; Quality Control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; standards

This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical effect and safety of Chinese medicine treatment of lumbar disc herniation with qi-tonifying, stasis-resolving and kidney-tonifying method. The randomized con-trolled trial (RCT) was applied in the study to evaluate the clinical effect of qi-tonifying, stasis-resolving and kidney-tonifying method in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation . A total of 122 lumbar disc herniation pa-tients were randomly divided into the treatment group ( n = 61 ) and the control group ( n = 61 ) . Chinese medicine treatment with the qi-tonifying, stasis-resolving and kidney-tonifying method was applied in the treatment group . And Celecoxib and Methycobal were orally administered in the control group . Then , the VAS scores, JOA scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded and analyzed pre-treatment, four weeks af-ter treatment and the twelfth week of follow-up in order to evaluate the clinical effect . Adverse reactions were also observed and recorded at the same time to give a comprehensive evaluation on its safety . The results showed that there were no significant differences between the treatment group and control group in the baseline data before treatment . Hence , data from two groups were comparable . Compared with pre-treatment , the VAS scores and ODI scores were obviously reduced in both groups after four-week treatment . The JOA scores were increased obviously ( P < 0 . 05 ) . There were no statistical differences on ODI scores and JOA scores between two groups . The VAS scores of the treatment group were obviously higher than the control group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . In the twelfth week of follow-up , the VAS scores , ODI scores and JOA scores had increasing tendency in
both groups . There were no statistical differences between two groups . There were no statistical differences on the total effective rate between two groups . In the treatment group , four patients received surgery , four cases lost to follow-up , and four cases with mild adverse event . In the control group , six patients received surgery , three cases lost to follow-up , and two cases with mild adverse event . It was concluded that the RCT of Chi-nese medicine treatment of lumbar disc herniation with q i-tonifying , stasis-resolving and kidney-tonifying method received same clinical effect as the combination of Celecoxib and Methycobal . The Chinese medicine treatment can effectively relieve pain degree of lumbar disc herniation , improve function of the lumbar vertebrae and improve the daily life and social activity ability of patients. The short-term follow-up effects were con-firmed . However , the long-term efficacy still requires further study .

This study was aimed to observe the natural history and evolution of cervical spondylotic myelopa-thy , explore development law of the disease incidence in order to improve the understanding of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and provide a theoretical basis for Chinese medicine treatment . Complete clinical data of 80 cervical spondylotic myelopathy cases were collected from March 1998 to July 2007 in special and ex-pert practice of Prof . Shi's out-patient department . Chinese medicine for q i-blood regulation was given in the treatment . Related measuring scales were designed . More than two-month follow-up was given through means of returning visit, telephone calls and letter inquiries. Changes of clinical symptoms, and scores of different types of evaluations were observed . The SPSS software was used in the data analysis of results from measuring scales for the objective evaluation . The results showed that there were statistical differences on the 40-score and JOA total score between initial visiting and first time follow-up ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It suggested that through Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment, the scores on spinal cord function were increased compared with the previous visiting . For patients who continued long-term Chinese medicine q i-blood regulation treat-ment, there were statistical differences on the 40-score and JOA total score between the first-time follow-up and second-time follow-up ( P < 0 . 05 ) . It suggested that through continued long-term Chinese medicine q i-blood regulation treatment , the scores on spinal cord function were increased compared with the previous visit-ing . In this group of patients , there were no statistical differences on the 40-score and JOA total score be-tween the patient's initial visiting , first time follow-up , and the first-time follow-up and second-time follow-up . The scores on spinal cord function suggested that there was no obvious difference on the relieving degree between the first-time follow-up and second-time follow-up . For patients who were unable to continue the Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment, no matter if it was full score on the spinal cord function in the first-time follow-up , there were statistical differences on the 40-score and JOA total score between the first-time and second-time follow-up . It suggested that the disease became worse when patients were unable to continue the Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment. It was concluded that Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy has a significant effect in both short-term and long-term treatment with steady effectiveness. Patients who continue the Chinese medicine qi-blood regulation treatment not only can prevent disease recurrence , but also can promote further relieving of disease condition .

Objective: To investigate the preparation procedure of Zhenjing Xiehuo granules. Methods: Using the dry extract yielding rate and the contents of liquiritin and salvianolic acid B as the indices, an orthogonal test was adopted to choose the best ex-traction and purification technology. Using the qualified ratio of granules as the index, an orthogonal test was adopted to choose the best preparation process of the granules. Results:The optimized preparation conditions were as follows:Pulvis ferri was decocted first for 60 min. The other medicines were dipped in 8-fold amount of water for 90 min, and then added into pulvis ferri extracts and decocted for 3 times with 90 min for each time. The extracts were collected and concentrated till the relative density was 1. 3 (measured at 60℃), water was added with the dilution ratio of 1:2, ethanol was added till the percentage of ethanol was 50%, and then the mixed liquid was filtered after 24 hours. After ethanol was recycled from the filtrate, the filtrate was concentrated till the relative density was 1. 3 (measured at 60℃), and then dried at 60℃. Starch as the diluent, the ratio of extract to excipient was 1:0. 8, and the wet granules were prepared with 90% ethanol as the wetting agent, dried 3 hours at 60℃ followed by size stabilization to obtain the products. Con-clusion:The optimized preparation procedure of Zhenjing Xiehuo granules is stable and feasible.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Gegen Recipe and Guizhi Recipe regulating the expression of IL-1beta, iNOS, TNFalpha and TGFbeta mRNA in degenerated intervertebral disk caused by stimulation of wind, cold and damp. METHODS: Thirty-six rabbits were randomly separated into six groups, viz. control group, stimulation by wind, cold and damp group, head in low-location group, compound model group (head in low-location plus stimulation of wind, cold and damp), Gegen Recipe group and Guizhi Recipe group. The gene expression of IL-1beta, iNOS, TNFalpha and TGFbeta mRNA in degenerated cervical intervertebral disks were assayed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, IL-1beta mRNA and iNOS mRNA expression were up-regulated in each model group(P<0.01). Both Gegen Recipe and Guizhi Recipe down-regulated IL-1beta mRNA, iNOS mRNA expression, which had significant differences compared with the stimulation model group(P<0.01 or <0.05). TNFalpha mRNA expression was significantly enhanced in the compound model group compared with the control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the head in low-location group and the stimulation model group. Gegen Recipe down-regulated TNFalpha mRNA expression compared with the stimulation group(P<0.01),while the effect of Guizhi Recipe was not significant. Compared with the control group, TGFbeta mRNA expression went down in each model group(P<0.01). Gegen Recipe up-regulated TGFbeta mRNA expression(P<0.01), while the effect of Guizhi Recipe on adjusting TGFbeta mRNA was not significant. CONCLUSION: Stimulation by wind, cold and damp, head in low-location, and compound of both can down-regulate the expressions of IL-1beta, iNOS, TNFalpha mRNA, and up-regulate the expression of TGFbeta mRNA. These researches certify that these factors take part in the progression of intervertebral disk degeneration. IL-1beta, iNOS, TNFalpha accelerate the degeneration and TGFbeta defers the degeneration. Gegen Recipe down-regulates the expression of TNFalpha mRNA and up-regulates the expression of TGFbeta mRNA. The effect on regulating the cell factors expressions by Guizhi Recipe is lower than that of Gegen Recipe.

AIM: To examine the relationship between corneal lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis after keratoplasty.METHODS: Nineteen human corneas were obtained from 19 patients undergoing a second corneal transplantation in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center in 2005. Blood and lymphatic vessels in human transplanted corneas were identified by lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor(LYVE-1) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion modecule-1(PECAM-1) immunohistochemistry, and double enzyme-histochemistry; then the association of corneal blood vessel counting (BVC) with lymphatic vessel counting (LVC) was examined.RESULTS: Corneal hemangiogenesis was present in 12 cases (63%), and lymphangiogenesis occurred in 5 cases (26%) of human transplanted corneas. In addition, corneal lymphangiogenesis was only present in vascularized corneas. LVC was strongly and positively correlated with BVC(r=0.725;P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Corneal lymphangiogenesis develops after keratoplasty, and strongly associates with hemangiogenesis.