Humans ; Mercury ; urine ; Microwaves ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods

As an important neurotransmitter, adenosine displays its functions by acting on the adenosine receptors. Recent studies have shown that the distribution, expression and balance among subtypes of adenosine receptors are closely related with cognitive activities, and changes of adenosine receptors play key roles in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. It has been pointed out that prolonged activation of adenosine receptors by high level adenosine may lead to the disturbance of balance among adenosine receptor subtypes. This imbalance mainly performed as increased expression of A2a receptor and decreased expression of A1 receptor, and enhancement of the excitatory signals mediated by A2a receptor and weakened inhibitory signals mediated by A1 receptor. Changes of these two subtypes of adenosine receptors may lead to a lot of disorders of neurological activities which developed into dysfunction of cognition to the end. These findings imply that the potential of maintaining the balance among adenosine receptors on the treatment of AD would facilitate both the revealing of the mechanism and the cure of AD.
Adenosine ; physiology ; Alzheimer Disease ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; physiology ; Receptors, Purinergic P1 ; classification ; physiology

Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholecystectomy ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

Obgective To observe the effect of Milrinone combined with Esmolol in the treatment of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) so as to improve the prognosis.Methods Eighty-two cases of children with critically severe HFMD,who were hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Xuzhou Children's Hospital,were enrolled in the study from may of 2013 to June of 2014,and were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group.The control group was given intravenous Milrinone,and the observation group was given Milrinone combined with Esmolol.The heart rate (HR),systolic blood pressure (SBP),cardiac output (CO),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),norepinephrine (NE) were detected on admission and checked again 1 hour and 48 hours again after treatment.The changes in the above indicators were compared before and after therapy to evaluate the clinical curative effect.Results (1) There was no significant difference in the HR,SBP,CO,LVEF,BNP and NE between the 2 groups before treatment(all P ＞ 0.05).(2) The HR,SBP,CO and LVEF of 2 groups were significantly improved after 1 hour treatment compared with those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05),and the BNP and NE of the control group were not obviously improved compared with those before therapy (all P ＞ 0.05),but the significant changes were seen in the observation group (all P ＜ 0.05).Forty-eight hours after the treatment,all the observed indicators in 2 groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment(all P ＜ 0.01).(3)Compared with control group,the HR,SBP,CO,LVEF and BNP of the observation group were significantly improved after 1 hour treatment (t =2.08,2.12,-2.11,-2.37,2.07,all P ＜ 0.05),but the NE of the observation group had no obvious improvement (t =0.83,P ＞ 0.05).All the observed indicators of the observation group were significantly improved compared with the control group after 48 hours treatment(t =3.76,2.48,-2.70,-2.27,5.37,2.74,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Milrinone combined with Esmolol can significantly improve the cardiac function and the vital signs of the children with critically severe HFMD,which can be recommended clinically.

Objective To evaluate the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) in the spinal cord in the maintenance of diabetic neuropathic pain in rats.Methods Pathogenfree male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2 months,weighing 180-220 g,were used in the study.Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) 60mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose ＞ 16.7 mmol/L at 72 h after STZ injection.Twenty diabetic rats were randomly allocated to diabetic neuropathic pain group (DN group,n =10) and apocynin (specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor) group (A group,n =10).Another 10 agematched normal rats served as control group (C group,n =10).Twenty-eight days after STZ injection,apyconin 5 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days in A group.Paw withdrawal threshold to yon Frey filament stimulation (PWT) was measured before STZ injection (T1) and at 7,14,21,28 and 35 days after STZ injection (T2-6).The rats were sacrificed after PWT was measured at T6 and L4.5 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox expression,MAD content and SOD activity.Results Compared with C group,PWT was significantly decreased at T3-5,gp91phox and p47phox expression was up-regulated,MAD content was increased,and SOD activity was decreased in DN and A groups.Compared with DN group,PWT was significantly increased at T6,gp91phox and p47phox expression was downregulated,MAD content was decreased,and SOD activity was increased in A group.Conclusion NADPH oxidase in the spinal cord is involved in the maintenance of diabetic neuropathic pain in rats.

AIM:To point the susceptible gene in Avellino corneal dystrophy family with autosomal dominant inheritance.
●METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of all individuals of the pedigree. Several microsatellite makers were selected for gene scan in the hot regions of mutation. Linkage analysis was carried out using a Linkage software package. The haplotype data were processed using Cyrillic software to define the region of the disease gene.
●RESULTS: ln our pedigree, significant evidence of linkage was obtained at marker D5S396 and D5S393 [LOD score (Z)=3. 01, recombination fraction (θ)=0. 00]. The haplotype analysis of our pedigree was located between the microsatellite markers D5S808 and D5S638.
●CONCLUSION:The pathogenic gene of the Avellino corneal dystrophy pedigree is traced to a 11. 2 cM region in the chromosome 5q.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of 6-gingerol, the main active component of ginger, on hair shaft elongation in vitro and hair growth in vivo.

METHODSFirstly, Hair follicles were co-cultured with 3 different concentration of 6-gingerol for 5 days and hair elongation in three groups was measured. Secondly, The proliferative effect of 6-gingerol on DPCs was measured using MTT assay. Thirdly, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in DPCs were measured using Western blotting. In vivo study, the influence of 6-gingerol on hair growth in C57BL/6 rats was measured through topical application of 6-gingerol on the dorsal skin of each animal.

RESULTSThe length of hair shaft in 20 microg/ml 6-Gingerol group (0.50 +/- 0.08 mm) is less than 0 microg/ml (0.66 +/- 0.19) mm and 10 microg/ml (0.64 +/- 0.03) mm 6-Gingerol group (P < 0.05). In cell culture, compared to 0 microg/ml and 5 microg/ml 6-Gingerol, 10 microg/ml 6-Gingerol can significantly inhibited the proliferation of DPCs (P < 0.05). Along with the growth inhibition of DPCs by 6-gingerol, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased obviously. In vivo study, the hair length and density decreased a lot after using 1 mg/ml 6-gingerol.

CONCLUSIONS6-Gingerol can suppress human hair shaft elongation because it has pro-apoptotic effects on DPCs via increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. It might inhibit hair growth by prolonging the telogen stage in vivo.

Animals ; Catechols ; pharmacology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Fatty Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Hair ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Hair Follicle ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the value of utility of bronchoscopy in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients with Bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods Bronchoscopy was conducted to 65 AIDS patients with bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis in the first hospital of Changsha. The patients’ bronchoalveolar lavage fluid through the electronic bronchoscopy, mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture, brushings and biopsy pathology were analyzed.Results 65 cases, bronchoscope alveolar lavage lfuid smear positive acid-fast stain 14 cases (21.54%), BAL mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive 20 cases (30.76%), a bronchoscope brush positive 24 cases (36.92%), 35 cases of bronchoscopy biopsy, according to the performance under the bronchoscope positive 21 cases (60.00%), bronchoscopy combined different methods conifrmed 43 cases (66.15%).Conclusions Bronchoscopy in AIDS with bacteria sputum negative pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis, it has important application value.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L. ) belongs to Pedaliaceae, and its dry flowers have been used to cure alopecia, frostbite and constipation as a Traditional Chinese Medicine. Interestingly, the Flos Sesamum indicum L. was usually used to cure verruca vulgaris and verruca plana in folk of China, and showed a pleasant result. Previous chemical investigations of this plant mainly concentrate on its seeds, showed the presence of proteins and fat oils, herein we make a systematic chemical research on the dry flowers of this plant. Column chromatography including silica gel, C18 and Sephadex LH-20 were used to separate the chemical constituents and the structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Ten compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the plant and elucidated as latifonin (1), momor-cerebroside (2), soya-cerebroside II (3), 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3S, 4R, 5E,9Z)-2-N-(2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl) 1,3,4-trihydroxy-5,9-octadienine (4), 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-2-N-(2' R) 2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl) 3,4-dihydroxy-8-octadene (5), (2S, 1" S) -aurantiamide acetate (6), benzyl alcohol-O-(2'-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl, 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), beta-sitosterol (8), daucosterol (9) and D-galacititol (10). Among them, 4 is a new compound, and others were isolated from the flowers of the plant for the first time. Compounds 2 to 4 belong to cerebroside, which is rare to be found in land plants and was proved to possess many bioactivities.
Cerebrosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Glycolipids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sesamum ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the effect of berberine on CUMS induced depression animal model and investigated the underlying mechanisms.METHODS We estab-lished CUMS depressant rat model and treated CUMS rats with berberine.Sucrose preference,forced swim test(FST)and tail suspension test(TST)were used to measure behaviors change.We used Q-PCR and western blot to test the levels of cytokines in the hippocampus. RESULTS We found that CUMS rats displayed obvious depressive like behaviors,moreover,berberine treatment prevented depressive behaviors in CUMS rats accompanied with suppression of oxidative stress markers. Further experi-ments showed that berberine treatment up-regulated the expression of Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway and its downstream neuroprotective factors. CONCLUSION Our present results suggested that treatment of berberine significantly ameliorated depressive behaviors in CUMS rats through enhancing of Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways in hippocampus.