Objective To study whether the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) can repair damaged neural cells induced by okadaic acid (OA).Methods Neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y cells were used to incubate with 20nmol/L okadaic acid for 24h,establishing Alzheimer's Disease cell model;Three groups were set up:normal group,okadaic acid-damaged (OA-damaged) group,hBMSCs-treatment group.The cells were injured for 24h with 20nmol/L OA in OA-damaged group,and treated with conditioned medium obtaining hBMSCs for 24h after 24h OA injury in the treatment group.Then CCK-8 was used for detecting cell vitality,immune fluorescence dyed microtubules and micro filaments for determining the dendritic cell length and fluorescence intensity,in addition,Western blotting for analyzing the protein level of phosphorylated tau and total tau proteins.Results Okadaic acid damaged SH-SY5Y cells,contributed to shrinkage,collapse,cavitation of the SH-SY5Y cell body,dendritic shortening and fracture,and irregular arrangement of microtubule microfilaments;while BMSCs conditioned medium made SHSYSY cell body become round and longer,dendrites restored,and microtubules and microfilaments arranged regularly,fluorescence intensity enhanced.Meanwhile,it also down-regulated the level of OA-induced tau phosphorylation.Conclusion hBMSCs have repair effects on the neural cell damage induced by okadaic acid.

The commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials is a measure of the quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which directly impacts on the safety and effectiveness of clinical medicines. It is an urgent problem to establish a set of standards which can both interpret the scientific connotation of the commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials and play a significant role on clinical medicines as well as markets. This paper reviews the research methods of the commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials such as sensory evaluation, chemical assessment, biological evaluation, and cited the applications of various methods for the classification of TCMs. It provides technical support for establishing standards of the commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials, and also constructs scientific basis for clinical rational drug use.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Research Design

Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the effective malaria elimination strategies and measures in this province. Methods The data from the Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method for the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014. Results A total of 997 malaria cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2014,there were 618 cases of vivax malaria,352 cases of falciparum malaria,18 cases of Plasmodium ovale infection,and 9 cases of Plasmodium malariae infec?tion. Among all the reported cases,479 were local cases and 518 were imported cases. No local malaria cases were reported from Hubei Province since 2013. The overall imported malaria cases showed a gradual increasing trend from 2010 to 2014,the pro?portion of falciparum malaria increased quite significantly from 2010 to 2014. The malaria cases were mainly distributed in Xiangyang,Wuhan,Xiaogan,Yichang,Jingmen and Suizhou cities,reaching 81.85%of the cases of the whole province. There were 810 male cases and 187 female cases,with a sex ratio of 4.33∶1. The local malaria cases were mainly aged from 40 to 69 years,accounted for 78.29%of the total local cases,and 88.22%(457/518)of the whole local cases were concentrated in 20-49 age groups. The local cases were mainly farmers(67.01%). Among the imported malaria cases,the occupation distribution concentrated mainly on the worker,migrant worker,and farmer(63.90%). Conclusions The local malaria epidemic situation has been effectively controlled in Hubei Province,which reflects the initiative achievements of malaria elimination. However, there are still many imported malaria cases from abroad. Therefore,the imported malaria from abroad still remains the key of ma?laria control in Hubei Province.

Objective： This study was designed to observe the efficacy and side effects of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Methods： In the 7 patients, two received autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) and five received autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT). The conditioning regimen consisted of VCCA (Vincristine, Me-CCNU, Ara-C, CTX) and TLI(total lymph irradiation) for malignant lymphoma, VCCED (VCR, Me-CCNU, CTX, Vp-16, DNR) and TBI for acute myeloid leukemia-M4, VCCME (VCR, Me-CCNU, CTX, Mitoxantron,Vp-16) for breast cancer. All harvests of stem cells were stored at 4℃ except one at -80℃ ,than transfused back to the patients within 72 hours without purgation. Results： The number of mononuclear cells and CD34＋ cells in harvest in APBSCT patients was (7.45± 5.89)× 108/kg and (18.62± 4.74)× 106/kg,respectively. The patients' granulocyte count reached ≥ 0.5× 109/L on day＋ 9.6 and＋ 11, platelet count reached ≥ 50× 109/L on day ＋ 12.6 and＋ 21.5 and reticulocyte reached ≥ 0.5％ on day＋ 11.2 and＋ 16.5,respectively,after APBSCT and ABMT. The side effects were mainly the gastrointestinal reactions. Up to now, no relapse were seen but four women had developed secondary amenorrhea after AHSCT. Conclusion： AHSCT is an efficient way for malignant tumors and there were earlier hematopoietic reconstitution and fewer side effects in patient with APBSCT than with ABMT. The impairment of gonad by conditioning may affect the quality of life.

BACKGROUNDAssessment of perfusion in the early period of acute renal failure (ARF) is important, and can not be made by conventional ultrasound. The aim of this study was to prospectively test in a rabbit ARF model whether real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can quantitatively evaluate the hemodynamic changes of renal cortex in the early period.

METHODSThe model of ARF was induced in 30 healthy New Zealand white rabbits (2.5 - 3.0 kg), by intramuscular injection of 50% glycerin solution (12 ml/kg). CEUS were performed on right kidneys before, 6 and 24 hours after glycerin injection. CEUS quantitative indexes were measured in renal cortex using QLAB software. Comparisons between different stages were performed using paired t test. The sensitivity of CEUS in diagnosing ARF was compared with blood serum urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr) level and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI).

RESULTSAmong quantitative indexes, time to peak (TTP) and area under curve (AUC) increased significantly from (5.86 ± 2.57) seconds and (124.4 ± 46.7) dB·s before glycerin injection to (7.66 ± 2.05) seconds and (288.1 ± 64.9) dB·s 6 hours after injection (P < 0.05). Slope rate of ascending curve (A) and descending curve (a) decreased slightly from (3.00 ± 1.22) dB/s and (0.19 ± 0.15) 1/s to (2.80 ± 1.45) dB·s and (0.09 ± 0.02) 1/s (P < 0.05). Twenty-four hours later, only AUC increased significantly from (124.4 ± 46.7) dB·s to (466.2 ± 52.2) dB·s (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONQuantitative indexes of CEUS might be useful in predicting the hemodynamic changes of renal cortex in the early six hours of ARF model.

Acute Kidney Injury ; diagnostic imaging ; Animals ; Contrast Media ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the early diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in acute renal failure (ARF) of rabbit.

METHODSThe rabbit model of ARF was established by intramuscular injection of 50% glycerin (12 ml/kg) into the hind legs of 18 New Zealand rabbits. CEUS was performed for both kidneys before injection and 6 hours after the injection. The slope rate of ascending curve (A), the slope rate of descending curve (alpha), area under curve (AUC), derived peak intensity (DPI), and time to peak (TTP) were measured in renal cortex of rabbits using Q-lab software package. Blood serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured.

RESULTSThe values of A and alpha before the injection of glycerin were (3.07 +/- 1.83) dB/s and (0.19 +/- 0.15)/s, respectively, which were significantly higher than the values after injection [ (2.76 +/- 1.31) dB/s and (0.09 +/- 0.02)/s, respectively] (P < 0.05). The values of AUC and TTP before the injection of glycerin were (137.4 +/- 68.4) dB s and (6.33 +/- 3.71) s, which were significantly lower than the values after injection [(309.5 +/- 88.9) dB s and (8.61 +/- 3.97) s, respectively] (P < 0.01). No significant change of DPI, BUN or SCr was found.

CONCLUSIONSCEUS can precisely display the hemodynamic change of ARF model of rabbit in the early stage, with superior sensitivity than BUN and SCr. It may be a promising imaging method for the early diagnosis of ARF.

Acute Kidney Injury ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Contrast Media ; Creatinine ; blood ; Early Diagnosis ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that α2-adrenergic agonists can reduce postresuscitation myocardial injury. This study was undertaken to observe changes of hemodynamics, myocardial injury markers cTnT and cardiac morphology by establishing a cardiopulmonary resuscitation model with rabbits, and to detect whether α-methyl norepinephrine (α-MNE) can reduce the myocardial injury after CPR and improve cardiac function. METHODS:Eighteen health rabbits, weighing 2.5-3.5 kg, both male and female, were provided by the Lanzhou Institute of Veterinary Medicine. After setting up a rabbit model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 18 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The rabbits in group A as an operation-control group were subjected to anesthesia, endotracheal intubation, and surgery without induction of ventricular fibrillation. The rabbits in group B as an epinephrine group were administered with 30 g/kg epinephrineduring CPR. The rabbits in group C as a MNE group were administered with 100 g/kg a-MNE during CPR. The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular pressure rise and fall rate (±dp/dt) and serum concentrations of BNP were measured. Statistical package of SPSS 10.0 was used for data analysis and significant differences between means were evaluated by ANOVA. RESULTS:Compared to group A, the LVEDP of other two groups increased respectively (P<0.01 all), and peak±dp/dt decreased in the other two groups (P<0.01). The increase of LVEDP was lower in group C than in group B (P<0.05), whereas peak±dp/dt was higher in group C than in group B (P<0.05) at the same stage. Compared to group A, the cTnT of the remaining two groups increased, respectively (P<0.01), and peaked at 30 minutes. cTnT was less elevated in group C than in group B (P<0.05) during the same period. In groups B and C, myocardial injury was seen under a light microscope, but the injury in group C was lighter than that in group B. CONCLUSION:Methylnorepinephrine can lessen myocardial dysfunction after CPR.

Objective To analyze the pathogenic epidemiological characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infection(ALRTI) in children in Gansu Province from 2012 to 2015. Methods The surveillance data of 458 children infected with ALRTI in 10 sentinel hospitals in Gansu province from 2012 to 2015 were collected, and infection status and epidemiological characteristics of each virus and bacteria were analyzed by descriptive study methods. Results The male to female ratio of the 458 children with ALRTI was 1.81:1, and the positive detection rate of the virus was 33.62%（95% CI：29.28%-37.97%), among which the positive detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus was the highest (12.23%).The positive detection rate of bacteria was 24.84%（95% CI：20.04%-29.65%),among which the positive detection rate of streptococcus pneumoniae was the highest (18.47%).There was significant no difference in the positive detection rate of virus and bacteria between children of different genders (P>0.05).There was significant no difference in the positive detection rate of virus among children of different age groups ( 2=5.980,P=0.050), but the positive detection rate of bacteria was different ( 2=12.078,P=0.002).Positive detection rates of virus infection and bacterial infection were different in distinct seasons (all P<0.05). By using logistics regression analysis, season, age and sentinel hospital were the influencing factors of ALRTI virus infection in children (all P<0.05), and sentinel hospital and years were the influencing factors of ALRTI bacterial infection in children (all P<0.05). Conclusion Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus and parainfluenza were the main causes of ALRTI virus infection in children aged 0-14 years in Gansu province, and the main bacterial infections were streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae, the number of virus infection was more than that of bacterial infection. Viral and bacterial infection had the same peak incidence.

Objective] To discuss comprehensive intervention effect on the control of hospital in-fections in the intensive care unit ( ICU ) of a hospital by monitoring Staphylococcus aureus infections and their drug resistance . [ Methods] Comparative analysis was done retrospectively in separation results of Staphylococcus aureus between 2011 and 2012 in ICU patients of a hospital . [ Results] Between 2011 and 2012, there was no obvious difference found in relevance ratio of Staphylococcus aureus(P>0.05), but that of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was on the decline significantly (P<0.05).The drug re-sistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin were on the decline signifi-cantly(P <0.05).The drug susceptibility rates of Staphylococcus aureus to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid , nitrofurantoin and primaquine slave tianeptine/dafoe tianeptine were the highest , reaching up to 100.00%. [ Conclusion] By comprehensive intervention , Staphylococcus aureus infections in ICU have been improved and drug resistance rates on the decline as a whole .

Objective:To systematically search and evaluate risk prediction models for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of ICU in order to provide references for developing higher-quality VAP risk prediction models.Methods:Relevant literature was retrieved from databases including China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search timeframe was from the establishment of the databases to September 30, 2023, limited to English and Chinese languages. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data, and the PROBAST tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias and applicability of the included studies.Results:A total of 15 studies on VAP risk prediction models were included. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 15 models ranged from 0.722 to 0.982. The most frequently involved predictors were age, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The overall adaptability was good, but the risk of bias was high. The main sources of bias included insufficient sample size, inappropriate data sources, lack of model performance evaluation, and inadequate attention to missing data.Conclusions:The risk of bias in studies on VAP risk prediction models is high, indicating that the field is still developing. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of different risk assessment methods to construct models with low bias, excellent predictive performance, and suitability for clinical practice in China.