Objective To investigate the effects of remote limb ischemic preconditioning (RLIP) on the lung injury in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.Methods Sixty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 54-72 yr,with body mass index 21-36 kg/m2,undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair,were randomly divided to 2 groups ( n =31 each):control group (group C) and RLIP group.RLIP consisted of two 5-min cycles of left upper limb ischemia induced by a blood pressure cuff placed on the left upper arm and inflated to 200 mm Hg,with an intervening 5 min of reperfusion,during which time the cuff was deflated.RLIP was performed after anesthesia induction and before the start of surgery.Arterial and venous blood samples were taken at 10 min after intubation (T0),and 30 min and 4,8,12 and 24 h after aortic unclamping (T1-5) for blood gas analysis and determination of the concentrations of serum interleukin (IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.The alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference (PA-aO2 ) and respiratory index (RI) were calculated.The peak airway pressure (Ppeak),plat airway pressure (Pplat) and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) were recorded at the same time points mentioned above to calculate dynamic lung compliance (Cd) and static lung compliance (Cs).The incidence of hypoxemia,extubation time and duration of stay in intensive care unit (IGU) were also recorded.Results Compared with group C,PA-aO2,RI and the concentration of IL-6 were significantly decreased at T3-5,Cs,Cd and SOD activity were significantly increased at T2-5,and the concentrations of TNF-α and MDA were significantly decreased at T2-5 in group RLIP ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the incidence of hypoxemia was significantly decreased,and extubation time and duration of stay in ICU were significantly shortened in group RLIP ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion RLIP can reduce the lung injury through inhibition of the inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

OBJECTIVETo prepare a novel floating micropellets containing hydroxy propyl-beta-oyclodextrin(puerarin-HP-beta-CD) for gastroretentive dosage form and evaluate its pharmaceutical characteristics in vitro.

METHODThe puerarin HP-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was prepared by freeze-drying method. Puerarin and its HP-beta-CD inclusion complex were incorporated into alginate beads, respectively. The effect of methyl cellulose (MC), Mg-Stearate and chitosan on buoyancy and cumulative release rate of puerarin were investigated in simulated gastric fluid.

RESULTThe spectrums of FTIR and profiles of X-ray powder diffraction of samples proved the formation of inclusion complex between puerarin and HP-beta-CD. Magnesium stearate had a significant effect on the buoyancy of micropellets, and satisfied results were gained by the content with 2%. The solubility of puerarin was increased 65.6-fold by the formation of inclusion complex, the dissolution rate and cumulative release percentage also improved significantly although with the burst release phenomena. The micropellets showed sustained release properties by using puerarin-HP-beta-CD inclusion complex mixed with puerarin (1:1) and treated thoroughly under homogenizer.

CONCLUSIONThe solubility and release rate of puerarin are increased by the formation of inclusion complex with HP-beta-CD and its gastroretentive dosage forms displayed satisfied floating and sustained release characteristics.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Dosage Forms ; Freeze Drying ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; X-Ray Diffraction ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

Differences in gene expressions were compared by cDNA microarray in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats and normal rats.In diabetic rats,157 genes were down-regulated and 100 genes up-regulated. Some of these genes were related to insulin resistance,glucose and lipid metabolism.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of 6-gingerol, the main active component of ginger, on hair shaft elongation in vitro and hair growth in vivo.

METHODSFirstly, Hair follicles were co-cultured with 3 different concentration of 6-gingerol for 5 days and hair elongation in three groups was measured. Secondly, The proliferative effect of 6-gingerol on DPCs was measured using MTT assay. Thirdly, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in DPCs were measured using Western blotting. In vivo study, the influence of 6-gingerol on hair growth in C57BL/6 rats was measured through topical application of 6-gingerol on the dorsal skin of each animal.

RESULTSThe length of hair shaft in 20 microg/ml 6-Gingerol group (0.50 +/- 0.08 mm) is less than 0 microg/ml (0.66 +/- 0.19) mm and 10 microg/ml (0.64 +/- 0.03) mm 6-Gingerol group (P < 0.05). In cell culture, compared to 0 microg/ml and 5 microg/ml 6-Gingerol, 10 microg/ml 6-Gingerol can significantly inhibited the proliferation of DPCs (P < 0.05). Along with the growth inhibition of DPCs by 6-gingerol, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased obviously. In vivo study, the hair length and density decreased a lot after using 1 mg/ml 6-gingerol.

CONCLUSIONS6-Gingerol can suppress human hair shaft elongation because it has pro-apoptotic effects on DPCs via increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. It might inhibit hair growth by prolonging the telogen stage in vivo.

Animals ; Catechols ; pharmacology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Fatty Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Hair ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Hair Follicle ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Multifocal electroretinogram(mf-ERG)is a common type of electroretinogram. It can objectively, accurately and quantitatively detect the function of each tiny part of the retina, so it is widely used in clinical, especially in retinal diseases. It not only plays an important role in the diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of retinal diseases, but also has an important value in the follow-up and prevention of diseases, even the scope of its application can be extended to basic research. Therefore, this paper reviews the application of multifocal electroretinogram in retinal diseases.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the impact of ABL1–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) adherence on the survival of chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children and clarify the potential predictors of patients’ prognosis from TKIs intake practices. Materials and Methods: Ninety newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL patients who received TKIs were enrolled. We collected the baseline characteristics and adverse events in all children; moreover, TKIs adherence was measured by an eight-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) analysis were performed, and risk factors for PFS and OS were evaluated. Results: Among all patients, 69 cases were regarded as adherers, while 21 were non-adherers. The median duration of TKIs interruption was significantly prolonged in the non-adherence group than in the adherence group (13 [0-101] vs. 56 [11-128], p < 0.001). Additionally, dose reduction occurred in 55.2% of non-adherers versus 23.0% of adherers (p=0.002). The PFS and OS in adherers were significantly higher versus non-adherers (p=0.020 and p=0.039). MMAS-8 score was an independent risk factor for PFS (p=0.010) and OS (p=0.031). Among non-adherers, the median OS was only 23.1% (4.2%-42%) in patients aged ≤ 10 years versus 54.4% (38.8%-70%) in adolescents. Most of the patients who experienced TKIs non-adherence suffered pancytopenia. Conclusion TKIs adherence during treatment significantly influenced the survival of pediatric Ph+ ALL patients, and non-adherers with age ≤ 10 years were more vulnerable to TKIs disruption. The cumulative TKIs dose should be especially emphasized to patients with age ≤ 10 years, which may result in an inferior achievement of relevant treatment milestones.

OBJECTIVETo improve the treatment of drug related childhood hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD), clinical characteristics of 6 children with hematologic neoplasm from 2 hospitals of China Children's Leukemia Group (CCLG) treated with 6-thioguanine (6-TG) complicated with HVOD were analyzed.

METHODAll the drug related HVOD patients were treated with CCLG acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-2008 protocol. They were from Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College from April 2008 to April 2009. The diagnosis was made according to the modified Seattle criteria and Baltimore criteria, including 2 or 3 of the following clinical features: hepatomegaly and upper right abdominal pain, jaundice (bilirubin ≥ 35 µmol/L), ascites or confirmed by pathology. The 6 HVOD patients' clinical manifestations, laboratory finding, imageologic and pathologic data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTOf the 6 patients, 2 were males and 4 females. Mean age of the 6 patients was 3.89 years (range from 3 years 1 month to 4 years 11 months). The original disease was acute lymphoblastic leukemia. HVOD occurred during chemotherapy protocols of CAM (CTX + Ara-C + 6-TG) or maintenance period (MTX + 6-TG). Most of 6 HVOD patients presented with pain in liver area, hepatomegaly on imaging, elevated aminotransferase and bilirubin (often ≥ 35 µmol/L), hydroperitonia was common, one with pleural fluid, illegible hepatic veins. All the patients recovered after being treated with hepatoprotective, jaundice-relieving and supportive therapeutics, some patients were treated with low molecular weight heparin. The prognoses were good.

CONCLUSIONHVOD was a serious complication of chemotherapy with 6-TG. Hepatoprotective and jaundice-relieving and low molecular weight heparin could improve the prognosis.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Male ; Thioguanine ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible association between dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) TaqI A and TaqI B genotypes as well as smoking behavior and the risk of lung cancer among Chinese Han people.

METHODSPCR was used to perform genotyping on peripheral WBC DNA from 326 lung cancer patients and 326 age, sex and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Subjects were interviewed to obtain relevant information and lifetime history of tobacco use.

RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of DRD2 genotypes between lung cancer cases and controls. The DRD2 genotypes and smoking status showed no correlation among cases and among controls as well. However, among controls, the frequency of the DRD2 * A2/A2 genotype in smokers who smoked > or = 25 cigarettes/day appeared to be higher than that in those who smoked < 25 cigarettes/day (42.5% versus 26.1%, P = 0.047). A similar trend was also found for the DRD2 * B2/B2 genotype, which was linked to the DRD2 * A2/A2 genotype, although the difference was not significant (40.0% versus 26.1%, P = 0.091). In contrast to controls, no association was found between the DRD2 genotypes and smoking among lung cancer cases.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggested that DRD2 * A2/A2 genotype might be associated with a greater smoking intensity in Chinese. Further studies are needed to confirm this preliminary finding.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; genetics ; Smoking ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between the number of lymph nodes retrieval and the incidence of postoperative complications in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

METHODFrom January 2008 to December 2009, 794 patients with esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The clinical data, surgeons, the extent of lymphadenectomy and its association with operative morbidity were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no operative death. A total of 84 patients with complication(10.6%) were documented. There were 11,770 lymph nodes harvested in total with an average of 14.8. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender, number of metastatic lymph nodes, level of anastomosis, and surgeons' experience were risk factors associated with postoperative complications (all P<0.05), while the number and group of lymph node resection were not(all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONWithin a rational range of lymphadenectomy(<50) following esophagectomy, the postoperative complications are significantly associated with the gender, extent of regional lymph nodes metastasis, site of anastomosis and the expertise of the surgeons, but not associated with the number and group of lymph nodes resection.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective To develop a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) for simultaneously determining five compounds in Curcumae Aromaticae Radix.Methods An HPLC method was developed as QAMS to determine curcuma diol,ocathydro-1,4-dihydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-7-(propan-2-ylidene)azulen-5(1H)-one,original curcumol and curcumin in Curcumae Aromaticae Radix,using curdione as intermal reference substance,and the relative correction factor (RCF) of the four components was determined by HPLC with good reproducibility.Their contents in 10 batches of samples,collected from different areas,were determined by both external standard method and QAMS.Result No significant differences were found in the quantitative results of four compounds in 10 batches of Curcumae Aromaticae Radix determined by external standard method and QAMS.Conclusion It is feasible and suitable to evaluate the quality of Curcumae Aromaticae Radix by QAMS.