Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is one of the most common medical emergencies in children.The fatality rate and disability rate are extremely high.Pathogenesis of PCAS remains incompletely clear,and clinical manifestation is complicated.The treatment is mainly limited to supportive care.In recent years,the phases of PCAS are defined according to the pathophysiological changes and clinical prognosis.Investigators also made some advances in the fields of pathophysiological changes and clinical treatment of brain damage and myocardial damage.For the treatment of PCAS,early therapeutic hypothermia,glucose control and seizure control,and reasonable cardiopulmonary support are promoted.In this article,we reviewed the advances in the above fields and the latest advance on the management of PCAS in foreign countries.

Aged ; Anthracosis ; microbiology ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; genetics ; Humans ; L Forms ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Tuberculosis ; microbiology

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the condition of the occurrence of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs) induced by Chinese materia medica.METHODS:A total of 933 ADR cases induced by Chinese materia medica published in 100 different kinds of journals during 2000～2008 were studied retrospectively.RESULTS:A total of 156 kinds of Chinese materia medica were involved in these ADRs,which were administered by 5 routes,with intravenous administration showing the highest incidence at 78.46%. Among all the ADRs,the systemic reactions represented 57.77%.CONCLUSION:It is necessary to popularize the knowledge on safe medication of Chinese materia medica,standardize clinical rational use of Chinese materia medica and its preparations and tighten control and monitoring on the ADRs induced by Chinese materia medica.

3' Untranslated Regions ; genetics ; 5' Untranslated Regions ; genetics ; Enterovirus B, Human ; genetics ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Humans ; Poly A ; genetics

Some types of bacteria swim through rotating their flagella. The swimming mechanism of bacteria during flagella bundling and tumble process is analyzed. The effects of body rotation and flagellum′s polymorphic transitions on bundling processes and the wall effect phenomenon are also discussed. Finally, based on dynamics similarity, a new microrobot module is put forward to further studying the flagella swimming phenomena. The research would be very helpful for constructing the bionic swimming robots under the low Reynolds number.

Objective To detect the expression of Bmi-1 and p16 gene in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder(TCC) tissue and explore its clinical significance.Methods The expression of Bmi-1 and p16 gene were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 61 cases of TCC tissue and 12 cases of normal bladder tissue.Results The expression of Bmi-1 gene in TCC tissue was significantly higher than that in normal bladder tissue (0.242 ± 0.129 vs.0.031 ± 0.011),and the expression of p16 gene was significantly lower than that in normal bladder tissue (0.059 ± 0.021 vs.0.165 ± 0.029),there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Bmi-1 and p16 gene were highly correlated with pathological grades,clinical stages and tumor recurrence (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).But there were not correlated with age and gender (P ＞ 0.05).There was a negative correlation between the expression of Bmi-1 gene and p16 gene in TCC tissue(rs =-0.714,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Bmi-1 gene high expression and p16 gene low expression may be involved in the occurrence and development process of TCC.Bmi-1 may decrease the expression of p 16 gene in some ways,and then lead to the occurrence and development of TCC.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the colour stabilities of three types of orthodontic clear aligners exposed to staining agents in vitro. Sixty clear orthodontic aligners produced by three manufacturers (Invisalign, Angelalign, and Smartee) were immersed in three staining solutions (coffee, black tea, and red wine) and one control solution (distilled water). After 12-h and 7-day immersions, the aligners were washed in an ultrasonic cleaner and measured with a colourimeter. The colour changes (ΔE*) were calculated on the basis of the Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage L*a*b*colour system (CIE L*a*b*), and the results were then converted into National Bureau of Standards (NBS) units. Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to observe the molecular and morphologic alterations to the aligner surfaces, respectively. The three types of aligners exhibited slight colour changes after 12 h of staining, with the exception of the Invisalign aligners stained with coffee. The Invisalign aligners exhibited significantly higherΔE*values (ranging from 0.30 to 27.81) than those of the Angelalign and Smartee aligners (ΔE*values ranging from 0.33 to 1.89 and 0.32 to 1.61, respectively, Po0.05). FT-IR analysis confirmed that the polymer-based structure of aligners did not exhibit significant chemical differences before and after the immersions. The SEM results revealed different surface alterations to the three types of aligner materials after the 7-day staining. The three types of aesthetic orthodontic appliances exhibited colour stability after the 12-h immersion, with the exception of the Invisalign aligners stained by coffee. The Invisalign aligners were more prone than the Angelalign and Smartee aligners to pigmentation. Aligner materials may be improved by considering aesthetic colour stability properties.

Notopterygium incisum is the important medicinal materials of the Tibetan-Qiang medical system in China, also one of the rare and endangered medicinal materials in the Plateau areas in the meantime. Taking the planting of in Sichuan province as an example, research on the N. incisum in Sichuan utilize remote sensing and GIS techniques, bind growth environment factor, including height factor, average annual precipitation, average annual temperature, forest information, were chosen according to habitat conditions. And combine field measurement to verify. The results indicate that N. incisum resources in Sichuan province were mainly distributed in the alpine valley and the northwest of the plateau, which suitability distribution areas of 4145 km2 approximately and accounting for 2% of the total area. Suitability areas accounting for more than 2% of the respective total area in Heishui county, Lixian county, Xiaojin county, Kangding county, ect. According to the field investigation and the related document information record, drawn that the suitability distribution based on RS and GIS were corresponded with the actual distribution areas of N. incisum resources. It's feasible to divide the suitability distribution area of N. incisum using RS and GIS, which will provide a scientific basis for a comprehensive investigation of the distribution as well as its rational exploitation and protection.
Apiaceae ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Geographic Information Systems ; Telemetry

OBJECTIVETo study the anti-tumor active constituents from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, and purified by Sephadex LH-20 columu chromafography and reverse-phase preparative, HPLC. The structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. The anti-tumor experiment in vitro, the MTT, was used to screen constituents of P. polyphalla var. yunnanensis.

RESULTSix compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as diosgenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl (1-->4) -beta-D-glycopyranoside (1), pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-arabino-furanosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glycopyranoside (2), isorhamn etin-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside (3), ethyl-alpha-D-fructofuranoside (4), pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (5) and pennogenin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glycopyranoside (6).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-4 were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 3 and 4 was firstly isolated from genus Paris, compound 5 was firstly isolated from the rhizome of this plant. The pharmacological results showed that compounds 1-3, 5 and 6 showed certain inhibition, especially, the activities of compound 5 and 6 were the most significant.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate cytotoxic effects of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK cells) transfected with the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene on malignant melanoma cells.Methods Mouse spleen cells were extracted,lymphocyte cells were separated,and CIK cells were prepared from these lymphocyte cells.PEGF-N1 plasmids containing IL-2 gene (PEGF-NI-IL-2) were transfected into CIK cells.Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe transfection products,and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to determine the IL-2 mRNA expression.Then,effector cells such as CIK cells and IL-2-transfected CIK cells were separately co-cultured with target cells (B16 melanoma cells) at effector-target ratios of 10∶ 1,20∶1 and 40∶1,then 4-hour lactate dehydrogenase release assay was performed to evaluate cytotoxic effects of the two kinds of CIK cells on B 16 cells.After effector cells were cocultured with target cells at the effector-target ratio of 40∶1 for 48 hours,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect levels of IL-2,interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant of the two kinds of CIK cells.Finally,mouse models of melanoma were established,and a total of 28 melanoma-bearing mice were divided into 4 groups to be peritumorally injected with 0.2 ml sodium chloride physiological solution (control group),100 IU IL-2 solution (IL-2 group),CIK cell suspension at a cell density of 1 × 106 cells per milliliter (CIK group) and IL-2-transfected CIK cell suspension at a cell density of 1 × 106 cells per milliliter (IL-2-transfected CIK group) respectively.Tumor morphology,tumor inhibition rate and cell apoptosis rate were used to evaluate tumor growth in the above groups.If data were normally distributed,t-test was used for comparing means between two groups,and analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD)-t test were used for comparing means among multiple groups.Results Fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR both showed that IL-2 was successfully transfected into CIK cells.The cytotoxic effect of IL-2-transfected CIK cells on B16 cells was strongest at the effector-target ratio of 40:1.Levels of IL-2,IFN-γ and TNF-α were also significantly higher in the supernatant of IL-2-transfected CIK cells [(1107.26 ± 6.49) pg/ml,(50.01 ± 3.35) pg/ml,(39.86 ± 3.25) pg/ml] than those in that of CIK cells [(51.09 ± 3.85) pg/ml,(32.71 ± 2.43) pg/ml,(30.11 ± 3.08) pg/ml,t =442.60,14.93,6.89,all P ＜ 0.01].Animal experiments showed that the tumor volume obviously increased in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),but significantly decreased in the IL-2 group,CIK group and IL-2-transfected CIK group (all P ＜ 0.001) after intervention compared with those before intervention.Furthermore,the tumor volume in the IL-2-transfected CIK group was significantly less than that in the other three groups (all P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference was observed between the IL-2 group and CIK group (P ＞ 0.05).In addition,the apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the IL-2 group,CIK group,and IL-2-transfeeted CIK group than that in the control group (all P ＜ 0.01).The apoptosis rate and tumor inhibition rate were significantly higher in the IL-2-transfected CIK group than those in the IL-2 group and CIK group (all P ＜ 0.01),but insignificantly different between the IL-2 group and CIK group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion IL-2-transfected CIK cells had stronger killing effects on malignant melanoma.