To compare posterior choroidal thickness in high myopia amblyopia eyes at different points to high myopia and normal eyes of Chinese children and investigate the relationships between choroidal thickness, axial length and age.METHODS: Fifty Chinese children (65 eyes) with age 4~15 years ( mean 9. 91 ± 3. 41 years) were recruited. By atropine optometry they were divided into high myopia amblyopia group ( 24 eyes ) , high myopia group ( 19 eyes ) , and normal group ( 22 eyes ) . Choroidal scans were obtained for all eyes using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( EDl-OCT) . Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), macular thinkness, choroidal thickness and retinal thickness at 0. 5, 1. 0, 1. 5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0mm superior (S, 12:00 position), temporal ( T, 9:00 position) , inferior ( l, 6:00 position) , nasal ( N, 3:00 position) were measured. Meanwhile, axial lengths of all eyes were measured by A-Scan. RESULTS: Compared high myopia group and emmetropia group, SFCT and the thickness of choroids on each position were thinnest in high myopic amblyopia group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). There was a significant negative correlation between SFCT and axial length in high myopic amblyopia group (r=-0. 531, R2 =0. 282, F=7. 476, P=0. 013), with no relative in age (r=-0. 292, R2=0. 085, F=2. 044, P=0. 167).CONCLUSlON: The choroidal thickness thinning in high myopic amblyopia shows a negative correlation with axial length.

·AlM:To investigate the retinal thickness change of high myopia amblyopic children, so as to discuss the relationships between the retinal thickness of central fovea of macula and the factors of axis oculi and age. · METHODS:Thirty-nine children ( 65 eyes ) with the average age of ( 9.91 3.41 ) years were recruited.All eyes were ruled out the pathological changes of fundus diseases and front section. After a tropine optometry, they were divided into three groups: high myopia amblyopic group ( 24 eyes ) , high myopia group ( 19 eyes) and normal group ( 22 eyes ) .Retinal scans were obtained for all eyes using Heidelberg optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . Subfoveal macular thickness, retinal thickness at 0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm superior ( S, 12∶00 position), temporal (T, 9∶00 position), inferior (l, 6∶00 position) and nasal (N, 3∶00 position) from the fovea were measured and axial length was also surveyed by A -ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate retinal thickness at each location and to correlate subfoveal macular thickness with axial length and age.
·RESULTS:The average subfoveal macular thinkness of the high myopia amblyopic group was thinner than high myopia group but thicker than normal group.There was no statistical difference between three groups (P>0.05). Retinal thickness inferior to the fovea at 0.5mm temporal and superior to the fovea in the high myopia amblyopic group at 1.0mm temporal were both thinner than normal group which had statistically significant ( P <0.05 ). Retinal thickness on nasal, superior, temporal, and inferior at 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm from the fovea were measured, high myopia amblyopic group were the thinnest in the three groups, and there was statistically significant between three groups ( P<0.05). There was no correlation between the average subfoveal macular thickness and axial length, age in high myopia amblyopic group.
· CONCLUSlON:There are significant abnormalities of macula retinal structure in high myopia amblyopic children.

AIM: To research the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness change in high myopia amblyopic children and to discuss the relationships among RNFL thickness, axial length and age.
METHODS:Thirty-five Chinese children (59 eyes) with a mean age of ( 9. 59 ±2. 90 ) years were recruited. All eyes were ruled out the pathological changes of fundus diseases and front section. By atropine optometry after they were divided into: high myopia amblyopia group (22 eyes), high myopia group (15 eyes), normal group (22 eyes) . RNFL scans were obtained for all eyes using optical coherence tomography and axial length was also surveyed by A - ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate RNFL thickness at each location with axial length and age.
RESULTS:The peripapillary RNFL thickness in temporal of high myopia amblyopia group was thinner than that in
high myopia group, and thicker than that in normal group. The peripapillary RNFL thickness in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were thinner than those in high myopia and normal gruops. The peripapillary RNFL thickness in inferior and average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were significantly thinner than those of high myopia (P<0. 05). The peripapillary RNFL thickness in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness of high myopia amblyopia group were significantly thinner than those of normal (P<0. 01). The peripapillary RNFL thickness in temporal of high myopia group was significantly thicker, and in nasal, superior, inferior and the average thickness were significantly thinner than those of normal (P<0. 05). The thickness of peripapillary RNFL in inferior showed a negative correlation with axial length in high myopia amblyopia group (R=0. 474, R2=0. 225, F=4. 933, P=0. 040). The thickness of peripapillary RNFL in superior showed a negative correlation with axial length in high myopia group (R=0. 642, R2=0. 412, F=9. 104,P=0. 010). These were no correlation between the peripapillary RNFL thickness and age in high myopia amblyopia, myopia amblyopia and normal.
CONCLUSION:There are significant abnormalities of retinal structure in high myopia amblyopia.

4.0 cm~2),slight group(2.5-4.0 cm~2),moderate group(1.5-2.5 cm~2)and severe group(

Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the completion and final effect of key parasitic disease prevention and control planning tasks in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2019, summarize the experience, find out the problems, and provide the basis for the next stage of prevention and control. Methods　According to the requirements of the Final Evaluation Plan of the National Plan for the Prevention and Control of Hydatid Disease and Other Major Parasitic Diseases (2016-2020), a retrospective survey method was adopted to collect relevant data on the implementation and safeguard measures of the prevention and control of major parasitic diseases, and population infection status in Hubei Province in 2016-2019. Results From 2016 to 2019, We carried out 2 920 992 person times of publicity and education, 209 times of prevention and control technology training, 7 680 person times of business training, with an average of 52 sessions and 1 920 person times per year. We have allocated 3.445 2 million yuan for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, including 1.722 2 million Yuan froom provincial government, to achieved full coverage of safe drinking water in rural areas under the current national standards, and 7.687 9 million harmless toilets have been built in rural areas. From 2016 to 2019, we carried out 39 658 person times of monitoring and disease investigation, the infection rate of human liver fluke was 0, and the infection rate of soil transmitted nematode was 0.42%. While the annual infection rates varied, there was no statistically significant difference in infection rate between years (χ2＝2.276, P>0.05), but there were statistically significant differences in the infection rates between various soil nematodes (χ2=112.807, P<0.01). From 2016 to 2019, a total of 5 393 people were detected at 17 monitoring points, with the serum positive rate of 3.93% for paragonimiasis, there was a statistically significant difference in serological positive rate between years (χ2=146.011, P<0.01); a total of 738 stream crabs were collected, and the infection rate of intermediate host was 16.26%, wtih a statistically significant difference in the infection rate of stream crabs between years (χ2=49.731, P<0.01). Conclusions　From 2016 to 2019, we adhered to the prevention and control strategy of "prevention first, prevention and control combined", implemented comprehensively various prevention and control measures, and achieved remarkable results in Hubei Province. The key parasitic diseases have been in a low epidemic situation, meeting the requirements of the prevention and control objectives. But the transmission risk still exists, the next step is to continue to strengthen security and monitoring and consolidate the achievements of prevention and control.

OBJECTIVETo describe the mortality of esophageal cancer (EC) in China during 2004 - 2005, and its trends over past 30 years.

METHODSThe Third National Retrospective Sampling Survey of Death Causes in 2004 - 2005 was covered 142 660 482 person years (72 970 241 person years in male, 69 690 241 person years in female; 47 899 806 person years in urban, 94 760 676 person years in rural). All death records of EC cases were selected. Crude, age-adjusted mortality, the proportion to all cancer deaths, and age-standardized death rate by Chinese standard population (CASR) and world standard population (WASR) were calculated. The statistic indexes of mortality were compared with those of previous retrospective death surveys in 1973 - 1975 and 1990 - 1992.

RESULTSDuring 2004 - 2005, the crude death rate of EC was 15.21/100 000 (21 694/142 660 482), CASR was 9.98/100 000, EC death accounted for 11.19% (21 694/193 841) and ranked fourth of all cancer death causes. The CASR of male (14.32/100 000, 15 067 cases) was higher than that of female (5.75/100 000, 6627 cases). In rural areas, there were 16 437 deaths caused by EC with CASR of 12.01/100 000, it was higher than in urban areas (CASR was 6.48/100 000, 5257 deaths). There were little different of EC mortality among Eastern, Central and Western areas in China. EC crude death rate in Eastern was the highest with rate of 16.67/100 000 (8761/52 556 694) and the lowest rate was 12.92/100 000 (5209/40 322 563) in Western area. EC crude death rate was increased by age increasing and reached the peak with mortality of 180.55/100 000 (1984/1 098 885) at age group of 80-. The CASR of EC was reduced by 41.64% compared with the first survey (CASR was 17.10/100 000) in 1973 - 1975, and reduced by 33.56% compared with the second survey (CASR was 15.02/100 000) in 1990 - 1992.

CONCLUSIONAlthough the EC mortality has dropped obviously in the past three decades, it is still the main cancer burden, especially in rural areas. EC prevention and control should be focused on the rural high risk areas in China in future.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cause of Death ; trends ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Collection ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells.

METHODSTDI-human serum albumin (TDI- HSA) conjugate was prepared using a modified Son's method. MTT assay was used to examine the viability of HBE135-E6E7 cells cultured in serum-free medium after treatment with HSA or TDI-HSA at different concentrations. VEGF mRNA expression of the HBE cells treated with HSA or TDI-HSA at 10, 20, 30 and 40 microg/ ml, respectively, was detected using semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSTreatment with 40 microg/ml HSA and 40 microg/ml TDI-HSA did not result in significant changes in the viability of HBE135-E6E7 cells. RT-PCR revealed the constitutive expression of two VEGF isoforms, namely VEGF189 and VEGF165, in cultured HBE135-E6E7 cells. After exposure to TDI-HSA at the different concentrations (except for 10 microg/ml), a significant increase occurred in both VEGF189 and VEGF165 mRNA expressions in HBE135-E6E7 cells as compared with the expressions in the control group and the HSA-treated cells (P<0.05), and significant dose dependence was noted in the effect of TDI-HSA (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the expressions between the control cells and the HAS-treated cells (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONTDI induces significant increase in VEGF expression in HBE cells, and VEGF overexpression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of TDI-induced asthma.

Bronchi ; cytology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Isoforms ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: The application of coronary stents, especially drug-eluting stents (DESs), has made percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) one of important therapeutic methods for CHD. DES has reduced the in-stent restenosis to 5％–9％ and signifi cantly improved the long-term prognosis of patients with CHD. The study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of domestic drug-eluting stents (DESs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: All patients with ACS who had undergone successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2009 to December 2010 were included in this study. Patients were excluded from the study if they were implanted with bare metal stents or different stents (domestic and imported DESs) simultaneously. The included patients were divided into two groups according to different stents implanted: domestic DESs and imported DESs. RESULTS: In the 1683 patients of this study, 1558 (92.6％) patients were folowed up successfuly for an average of (29.1±5.9) months. 130 (8.3％) patients had major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including cardiac death in 32 (2.1％) patients, recurrent myocardial infarction in 16 (1％), and revascularization in 94 (6％). The rates of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, revascularization, in-stent restenosis, stent thrombosis and other MACEs were not significantly different between the two groups (allP>0.05). Multivarite logistic regression revealed that diabetes mellitus (OR=1.75, 95％CI: 1.09–2.82,P=0.021), vascular numbers of PCI (OR=2.16, 95％CI: 1.22–3.83, P=0.09) and PCI with left main lesion (OR=9.47, 95％CI: 2.96–30.26,P=0.01) were independent prognostic factors of MACEs. The Kaplan-Meier method revealed that there was no significant difference in cumulative survival rates and survival rates free from clinical events between the two groups (allP>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of clinical events and cumulative survival rates are not statistically different between domestic DESs and imported DESs. Domestic DES is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with ACS.

Objective To investigate the effect of laser artificial shrinkage(LAS)on pregnancy outcome in vitrification of human expanded blastocysts.Methods We selected 3859 frozen-thawed blastocyst-stage embryo transfers from January 2014 to December 2015.The transfers were divided into LAS group(n=3 176)and non-LAS group(n=683),which were then subdivided into ＜36 y subgroup and ≥36 y subgroup according to their age.Main outcomes measures were thawing rate,implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate.Results Thawing rate, clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate were 97.32%(5 453/5 603),66.81%(2 118/3 170),and 53.55%(2 912/5 438)in LAS group.In non-shrink group,they were 95.13%(1 173/1 233),62.70%(427/681),and 49.74%(582/1 170),which did not significantly differ from those in the former group(P＜0.05).Further analysis of the subgroups showed that thawing rate was significantly higher in LAS group than in non-shrink group of patients＜36 y(97.27% vs.95.33%;P＜0.05).Thawing rate and biochemical pregnancy rate were significantly higher in LAS group than in non-shrink group in patients ≥36 y(97.75% vs.93.66%;65.45% vs.50.65%,P＜0.05). Cancellation rate was not significantly different between the two groups(0.19% vs.0.29%, P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion LAS technique can increase thawing rate,clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate before cryopreservation of blastocysts.

BACKGROUNDAdenosine receptors (ADORs) have been reported to play a role in experimental myopia. This study aimed to determine the distribution of ADORs in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells cultured in vitro.

METHODSHuman RPE cells (cell line D407) were cultured in vitro. ADOR mRNA in RPE was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. ADOR protein expression in RPE was confirmed by Western blotting analysis of cell lysates. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to study the subcellular distribution of ADORs.

RESULTSAll four subtypes of ADORs mRNA and protein were expressed in human RPE. This was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. The ADOR subtypes were differently distributed within the cells. ADORA1 was expressed in nucleus, perinucleus and cytoplasm of RPE. ADORA2A was concentrated mainly in one side of the perinucleus and cytoplasm of RPE. ADORA2B was strongly expressed in the nucleus, perinucleus and the cytoplasm, and ADORA3 was expressed weakly in the cytoplasm of RPE.

CONCLUSIONSADORs are expressed in human RPE. The different distribution at the subcellular level suggests different functions of ADOR subtypes.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Humans ; Receptors, Purinergic P1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction