OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Erdong granules on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.METHODS:Type 2 diabetes mellitus model was induced by giving high-fat and high-calorie diet with intraperitoneal administration of streptozotcin for eight weeks.Model rats were divided into normal group,model group,streptozotcin group and erdong granules high-dose,middle-dose and low-dose groups.The levels of FBG,LDL-C,FFA,SOD and MDA were detected and immunohistochemistry method was used to determine the morphology change of islet cell.RESULTS:The serum levels of FBS,MDA,FFA and LDL-C in Erdong granules high-dose and low-dose group were significantly decreased while the activity of SOD was increased.Erdong granules could protect islet cell.CONCLUSION:Erdong granules can notably improve glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism,antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibit oxidative stress so as to protect islet cells of type 2 diabetic mellitus rats.

This study is to investigate the anti-tumor activities of a novel cyclophosphamide derivate 4, 6-diphenyl cyclophosphamide (9b) in vivo and in vitro, and its possible mechanism of action. The inhibitory effects of 9b on human hepatoma cell line HepG2, human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and human myeloid leukemia cell line K562 were measured by MTT assay in vitro. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate were evaluated by flow cytometry. To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of 9b in vivo, mouse model bearing inoculated H22 tumor was established. The results indicated that 9b could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2, MCF-7 and K562 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. The ICo50 values of 9b were 32.34 micromol.L-1 to HepG2 cells, 87.07 micromol.L-1 to MCF-7 cells and 149.10 micromol.L-1 to K562 cells after incubation for 48 h. The results of flow cytometry indicated that after being treated for 48 h with different concentrations of 9b, the ratios of HepG2, MCF-7 cells at the Go/G1 phase and K562 cells at the G0/Gl phase and G2/M phase increased significantly compared with control group, and the apoptotic rate increased with the increase of the concentration of 9b. 9b could significantly reduce tumor weight of H22 solid tumor mouse model in vivo. To summarize, 9b showed significantly anti-tumor activity in vivo and in vitro, of which the mechanism might be associated with the change of cell cycle distribution and induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Structure ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

This study was aimed to explore the characteristics of urine metabolomics among HIV/AIDS patients with spleen-lung qi-deficiency. H-NMR technique was combined with principal component analysis and cluster analysis in the comparison of urine metabolic products among 24 HIV/AIDS cases with spleen-lung qi-deficiency and 20 healthy control cases. The results showed that urine metabolic products of HIV/AIDS patients with spleen-lung qi-deficiency and healthy people by H-NMR technique detection and PLS-DA analysis can classify the outline of urine metabolites. There were about 20 variables in the difference between two groups. The speculated substances contained glycyl-L-leucine, L-valine, α-aminobutyric acid, methyl succinic acid, glycine propionyl, and etc. It was concluded that H-NMR technique was able to classify the outline of urine metabolites between HIV/AIDS cases with spleen-lung qi-deficiency and healthy people. Part of the potential existed characteristic markers contributed to the clinical diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation of AIDS. It had certain effect in its quantitative analysis.

Objective To investigate changes in CD_4~+ CD_(28)~(null)T cell numbers of peripheral blood and the expression of perforin in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods Sixty-eight patients with acute coronary syndromes,56 with stable angina and 65 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study.CD_4~+ CD_(28)~(null)T lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometric analysis.Results The numbers of CD_4~+ CD_(28)~(null)T lymphocytes in patients with acute coronary syndromes were higher than those in patients with stable angina and in the control subjects(11.6 % vs 2.84% and 0.59%,P

OBJECTIVETo investigate performance of a biotinylated imaging probe 3a for targeted imaging of breast cancer cells.

METHODSUltraviolet absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum were employed to analyze the spectral characteristics of 3a. The fluorescence spectrums of 3a treated with different concentrations of glutathione (GSH) were obtained to determine the sensibility of 3a to GSH. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cellular uptake of 3a by MCF-7 cells, MDA-MB-231 cells and Hs 578Bst cells in the presence or absence of biotin, and the imaging performance of 3a in the 3 cell lines was assessed under an inverted fluorescent microscope. The toxicity of 3a to the cells was evaluated using MTT method.

RESULTS3a showed the strongest absorption peak at 510 nm, and its fluorescence emission signal was the strongest at 544 nm. As the concentration of GSH increased (0-6 mmol/L), 3a exhibited an increasing fluorescence signal at 544 nm. The cellular uptake of 3a was markedly higher in MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells than in Hs 578Bst cells. The imaging studies showed that 3a had a good breast cancer cell-targeting property and produced clear images under fluorescent microscope. MTT assay demonstrated no obvious toxicity of 3a in Hs 578Bst cells even at the concentration of 20 µmol/L, but MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to 2-20 µmol/L 3a showed a lowered cell viability.

CONCLUSION3a is capable of targeted imaging of breast cancer cells mediated by biotin. 3a at the concentration of 2-20 µmol/L has minimal cytotoxicity to normal breast cells but can lower the viability of breast cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injury can lead to extensive changes in central nervous system, and exercise training can promote the recovery of locomotor function following central nervous system injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of locomotor function and the expression levels of vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT1 in the spinal cord in a rat model of dorsal root ganglion resection after treadmill exercise and to explore the effect of treadmill training on the locomotor function after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Thirty-nine 10-week-old male Wistar rats were randomized into experimental (n=15), control (n=15) and sham operation (n=9) groups. The rats in the experimental and control groups received the dorsal root ganglion resection at L3and L4segments to establish the model of peripheral nerve injury under local anesthesia, while the rats in the sham operation group were only subjected to dorsal root ganglion exposure. The rats in the experimental group underwent 15 m/minute treadmill training at postoperative 7 days, while rats in the other two groups were in free movement. Gait analysis was performed at preoperative 3 days, postoperative 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively, and the behavioral changes of rats were observed. The tissue sections were obtained from L3segment at postoperative 7, 14, and 28 days to detect the expression levels of VGLUT1 in the spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The peroneal nerve function index in the experimental and control groups was lower than that before surgery and that in the sham operation group at postoperative different time points (all P ＜ 0.05). The index in the experimental and control groups was the lowest on day 7 postoperatively (P ＜ 0.05), then the index gradually increased, but was still lower than the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05). The index in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at postoperative 21 and 28 days (P ＜ 0.05). The expression levels of VGLUT1 in the lamina IX in the experimental and control groups were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group at different time points after surgery (P ＜ 0.01). The levels in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group at postoperative 14 and 28 days (P ＜ 0.05). The levels in both groups on a decline after surgery, especially the control group (P ＜ 0.05). These results suggest that treadmill can promote the recovery of locomotor function post peripheral nerve injury.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19(GRIM-19) in preimplantation embryo of mice and explore its role in embryonic development.

METHODSThe protein and mRNA expressions of GRIM-19 in 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, morula, and blastocyst phases of mice preimplantation embryo were detected by Western blot analysis and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTSGRIM-19 was continuously expressed in every stage of preimplantation embryo of mice. Western blot analysis and Real-time PCR demonstrated a gradual increase of GRIM-19 expression from 2-cell, which reached a peak in 8-cell phase and then decreased progressively.

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of GRIM-19 in mouse preimplantation embryos changes as at different developmental phases. GRIM-19 may play an important role during embryonic development.

Animals ; Blastocyst ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Interferons ; pharmacology ; Mice ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Tretinoin ; pharmacology

Objective To study the influence of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea,so as to make up for the defect caused by the lack of testing means to study the noise effect on behavioral characteristics of cochlear hearing by using numerical simulation method.Methods Based on CT scan images of healthy cochlea,and combined with self-programming,the three-dimensional finite element model of the cochlear spiral was established by using PATRAN software.Analysis on flow solid coupling frequency response and transient response was conducted by using NASTRAN software,and the impact of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea was numerically simulated.Results The calculated results were in agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature,which verified the correctness of the model.When the frequency was lower than 5 kHz,the basement membrane displacement by noise excitation under normal and high pressure environment was basically the same;when the frequency was higher than 5 kHz,the basement displacement by noise excitation under normal environment decreased gradually.Conclusions Under high pressure environment,the high-frequency noise shows a more obvious effect on the basilar membrane.The numerical simulation results can make up for the deficiency in studies about noise effect on characteristics of human cochlear hearing due to the lack of experimental methods,and provide new ideas and theoretical support for targeted experimental study of the cochlea in the future.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of prevention and treatment of chemotherapy induced peripheral neurpathy (CIPN) by vincristine via using TCM prescription of peripheral neuropathy hand-food soaking combined with mecobalamin. Methods Totally 120 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who all received chemotherapy drugs including vincristine were randomly divided into treatment group (36 cases), control group (36 cases) and combined treatment group (36 cases). All groups received routine treatment (all used CHOP, R-CHOP and H-CAVD plans for the first time), for 6 cycles of chemotherapy. The control group was given mecobalamin at the same time, 0.5 mg each time, oral administration, three times a day. The treatment group was given TCM prescription of peripheral neuropathy hand-foot soaking at the same time, hands first and feet later, 20 minutes each time, twice a day. The combined treatment group was given TCM prescription of peripheral neuropathy and mecobalamin at the same time, the same as the former method. 7 days were set as one treatment course, and all the treatment lasted for 6 cycles of chemotherapy. The incidence and degree of CIPN were evaluated in 2, 4, and 6 cycles of chemotherapy, and the satisfaction was compared. 50 patients of CIPN degree ≥Ⅱ were screened, paused chemotherapy, and participated in consolidation treatment research. The 50 patients were assigned into treatment group (25 cases) and control group (25 cases). The control group took oral mecobalamin, and the treatment group used TCM prescription of peripheral neuropathy hand-foot soaking; the methods were the same as former methods, for 20 d. Clinical efficacy and satisfaction of both groups were evaluated. Results After the second cycle of chemotherapy, the incidence of CIPN in the treatment group and the combined treatment group were obviously lower than the control group (P<0.05). After the fourth cycle of chemotherapy, the incidence of CIPN in the combined treatment group were obviously lower than the control group (P<0.01); the incidence of CIPN degree ≥Ⅱ in the treatment group and combined treatment group were obviously lower than the control group (P<0.05). After the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, the incidence of CIPN degree ≥Ⅱ in the treatment group and combined treatment group were obviously lower than the control group (P<0.01). The satisfaction rate of the treatment group was higher than the control group (P<0.01). For the consolidation therapy to patients of CIPN degree ≥Ⅱ, there was no statistical significance in clinical efficacy between the treatment group and the control group (P>0.05), but the satisfaction rate of the treatment group was higher than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion TCM prescription of peripheral neuropathy hand-food soaking combined with mecobalamin can obviously relieve CIPN degree induced by vincristine, and improve the life quality of patients.