Objective To discuss human papilloma virus(HPV)prevalence and HPV genotypes distribution and the infection factors,to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.Methods From March to November in 2009,605 women received cervical HPV testing in the Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University,to obtain specimens of cervical cytology,rapid flow-through hybridization technique (namely Hybribio flow-through hybridization)was used to detect HPV genotypes simultaneously.Single-factor and multivariate factors non-conditional Logistic regression analytic method was used to discuss the relationship between HPV infection of females and age,marital condition,level of education,level of income,occupation,initial age for sex,contraception,number of pregnancies,delivery approach and smoking.Results HPV infection rate was 21.49%(130/605),the positive rate of HPV infection in high-risk subtypes was 15.70%(95/605),the most common type was 5.29%(32/605)in the samples.Single factor non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that initial age for sex was the risk factor(X2=4.4618,P<0.05),HPV prevalence increased with a lower initial age for.sex reduced.But there was no significant difference in age,marital condition,education,income,occupation,contraception,number of pregnancy,delivery approach and smoking teams(X2=0.0525,1.8510,1.0348,0.2592,1.1176,1.5664,2.8835,1.4597,2.6161,all P>0.05).The analysis of multivariate factors nonconditional Logistic regression showed that the age of initially having sex,marital status and number of pregnancies were the risk factors(X2=21.6637,8.0574,15.7573,all P<0.05).Conclusions The risk factors for HPV infection are mainly about having sex too young,marital status and number of pregnancies,attention should be paid to screening for HPV.

Bel1, a transactivator of prototype foamy virus (PFV), plays pivotal roles in the replication of PFV. Previous studies have shown that Bel1 bears a nuclear localization signal (NLS), but its amino acid sequence remains unclear and the corresponding importins have not been identified. In this report, we inserted various fragments of Bel1 into an EGFP-GST fusion protein and investigated their subcellular localization by fluorescence microscopy. We found that the 215PRQKRPR221 fragment could direct nuclear localization, which accords with the consensus sequence K(K/R)X(K/R) of monopartite NLS. Point mutation experiments revealed that K218, R219, and R221 are essential for the nuclear localization of Bel1. The results of the GST-pulldown showed that the Bel1 fragment with residues 215-223, which bears the NLS, interacts with KPNA1, KPNA6, and KPNA7. This result suggests that KPNA1, KPNA6, and KPNA7 maybe involved in Bel1 nuclear translocation.
Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; Humans ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Retroviridae Infections ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology ; Retroviridae Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Spumavirus ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Trans-Activators ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; alpha Karyopherins ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of tetrandrine (TTD) on doxorubicin-induced mdr1 gene expression and its mechanism.

METHODSMTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of TTD to K562 cells. K562 cells were treated with doxorubicin alone or 0.6 microg/ml doxorubicin combined with various concentrations of TTD. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of mdr1 and NF-kappa B. Flow cytometry was used to assay the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Intracellular rhodamine 123 (Rho123) retention assay was applied to test the P-gp function.

RESULTSAfter treatment with 0.6 microg/ml doxorubicin for 24 hours, the expressions of mdr1 mRNA, NF-kappa B mRNA and P-gp in K562 cells were increased from 0.171 +/- 0.012, 0.783 +/- 0.090, 7.85 +/- 0.15 to 0.428 +/- 0.012, 1.075 +/- 0.047 and 73.68 +/- 1.84, respectively. The intracellular Rho123 retention was decreased from 711.9 +/- 63.6 to 347.8 +/- 60.6, indicating up-regulation of P-gp function (P<0.05). Pretreatment of K562 cells with 2.0 microg/ml TTD for 24 hours and then incubated for another 24 h with doxorubicin, the expressions of mdr1 mRNA, NF-kappa B mRNA, P-gp and up-regulation of P-gp function induced by doxorubicin were prevented in K562 cells (0.148 +/- 0.006, 0.627 +/- 0.098, 7.18 +/- 0.38 and 799.7 +/- 45.8, respectively P<0.05). But 0.5 microg/ml and 1.0 microg/ml TTD had little effect.

CONCLUSIONSTTD inhibits the expression of mdr1 mRNA, P-gp and up-regulated P-gp function induced by doxorubicin in a dose dependent manner. The mechanism of this effect may be down-regulation of NF-kappa B by TTD.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Up-Regulation ; drug effects

This study was purposed to explore the mechanisms of preventive effect of tetrandrine (TTD) on doxorubicin (ADM)-induced multidrug resistance (MDR) in human leukemia cell line K562 from two aspects of the transcription control of MDR1 gene and cell apoptosis. The experiment was divided into 3 groups: group I-blank control; group II-ADM-induced drug-resistance; group III-ADM-induced drug-resistance after pretreatment with TTD. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of c-Jun, YB-1 and Survivin genes. Western blot was used to determine the nuclear protein expression levels of c-Jun and YB-1. Flow cytometry was used to assay the apoptosis of cells. The results showed that as compared with group I, the expression levels of c-Jun mRNA and nuclear protein decreased (p < 0.05), as well as the expression levels of YB-1 mRNA and nuclear protein increased in group II (p < 0.05). However, the expression of Survivin mRNA had no change (p > 0.05); the apoptosis rate of cells was 8.31%. As compared with group II, the expression levels of c-Jun mRNA and nuclear protein increased (p < 0.05), expression levels of YB-1 mRNA and nuclear protein as well as Survivin mRNA decreased in group III (p < 0.05). The apoptosis of cells was 97.2%. It is concluded that TTD can inhibit the expression of YB-1 and up-regulate the expression of c-Jun, thus inhibit the expression of MDR1 gene. TTD can also inhibit the expression of Survivin and increase the apoptosis of cells induced by ADM.
ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; metabolism ; Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the expression and correlation of NKG2D and sMICA in lung cancer patients. Methods By collecting 30 lung cancer patients as the test group,and taking 30 healthy volunteers as the contrast group, the expression of NKG2D and sMICA in the two groups were examined separately by FACS and ELISA method. Results The expressions of NKG2D in the two groups were (81.56±8.78) %, (85.63±6.62) %. The lung cancer patients were high remarkable. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The expression of sMICA in the two groups were (354.13 ±80.575) pg/ml,(216.53±48.175) pg/ml. The lung cancer patients were low remarkable. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.01). There was a significant relation between the two groups (r =-0.349, P =0.006). Conclusion The expression of NKG2D and sMICA may provid one of the immune targets for diagnosing that can forecast the immune state and malignant metastasis of the lung cancer patients. The significant relation between NKG2D and sMICA may take on main role in the immune escaping of tumor. It may provide the suitable target of the patients for tumor organisms and immune treatment.

Objective To observe the effects of chemotherapy on nutritional status and quality of life in elderly patients aged 60 years and over with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ non-small-cell lung cancer,who were unable to undergo molecular-targeted drug therapy according to genetic testing.Methods A total of 100 elderly patients with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer were randomized into an observation group(n=50)and a control group(n=50).Patients in the observation group were treated with GP regimen(gemcitabine+ cisplatin),while patients in the control group were treated with TP regimen(paclitaxel+cisplatin).The scores of nutritionally relevant indicators and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results After chemotherapy,the body weight,body mass index,plasma total protein,plasma albumin,and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the GP regimen group than in the TP regimen group(P＜0.0001,P =0.0027,P =0.0305,P＜0.0001,P＜ 0.0001,respectively).The overall health status score,physical function,role function,and emotional function scores were higher in the GP group than in the TP group(P =0.0017,0.0044,0.0064,0.006,respectively) after chemotherapy.The scores of shortness of breath,insomnia,loss of appetite,constipation,and diarrhea were significantly lower in the GP group than in the TP group(P =0.0067,P ＜0.0001,P =0.0026,P =0.0066,P =0.0023).The clinical effective rate was significantly higher in GP regimen than in TP regimen(56.0％ vs 30.0％,x2 =6.90,P=0.009).The incidence of grade Ⅰ adverse reactions was higher in the observation group (54.0％,27/50 cases),and the incidences of grade Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ adverse reactions were higher in the control group(36.0％,18/50 cases;24.0％,12/50 cases;and 24.0％,12/50 cases,respectively) (x2 =16.40,P =0.001).Conclusions The TP chemotherapy is more beneficial to patients' nutrition,while the GP chemotherapy can achieve both higher clinical efficacy and better quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo describe the mortality of esophageal cancer (EC) in China during 2004 - 2005, and its trends over past 30 years.

METHODSThe Third National Retrospective Sampling Survey of Death Causes in 2004 - 2005 was covered 142 660 482 person years (72 970 241 person years in male, 69 690 241 person years in female; 47 899 806 person years in urban, 94 760 676 person years in rural). All death records of EC cases were selected. Crude, age-adjusted mortality, the proportion to all cancer deaths, and age-standardized death rate by Chinese standard population (CASR) and world standard population (WASR) were calculated. The statistic indexes of mortality were compared with those of previous retrospective death surveys in 1973 - 1975 and 1990 - 1992.

RESULTSDuring 2004 - 2005, the crude death rate of EC was 15.21/100 000 (21 694/142 660 482), CASR was 9.98/100 000, EC death accounted for 11.19% (21 694/193 841) and ranked fourth of all cancer death causes. The CASR of male (14.32/100 000, 15 067 cases) was higher than that of female (5.75/100 000, 6627 cases). In rural areas, there were 16 437 deaths caused by EC with CASR of 12.01/100 000, it was higher than in urban areas (CASR was 6.48/100 000, 5257 deaths). There were little different of EC mortality among Eastern, Central and Western areas in China. EC crude death rate in Eastern was the highest with rate of 16.67/100 000 (8761/52 556 694) and the lowest rate was 12.92/100 000 (5209/40 322 563) in Western area. EC crude death rate was increased by age increasing and reached the peak with mortality of 180.55/100 000 (1984/1 098 885) at age group of 80-. The CASR of EC was reduced by 41.64% compared with the first survey (CASR was 17.10/100 000) in 1973 - 1975, and reduced by 33.56% compared with the second survey (CASR was 15.02/100 000) in 1990 - 1992.

CONCLUSIONAlthough the EC mortality has dropped obviously in the past three decades, it is still the main cancer burden, especially in rural areas. EC prevention and control should be focused on the rural high risk areas in China in future.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cause of Death ; trends ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Collection ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEHereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by formation of benign cartilage-capped tumors (exostoses), typically located at the juxtaepiphyseal regions of long bones. It is genetically heterogeneous with at least three chromosomal loci: EXT1 on 8q24.1, EXT2 on 11p11, and EXT3 on 19p. EXT1 and EXT2 have been cloned and are responsible for over 80% of cases. A Chinese family with HME has been analyzed in the present study.

METHODSLinkage analysis was firstly performed to determine which of the three EXT genes could be the candidate gene, then mutation screening by PCR and direct sequencing was carried out.

RESULTSA novel nonsense mutation (c.1006C>T) in exon 6 of EXT2, which converts the codon CAA (Gln) to the stop codon (TAA) (Gln336X), was identified. Next, prenatal diagnosis was performed and the pregnancy was determined to be normal.

CONCLUSIONA new EXT2 nonsense mutation was found in a Chinese family with hereditary multipe exostoses. The information was used for a case of prenatal diagnosis.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Codon, Nonsense ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; genetics ; Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary ; genetics ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; genetics ; Pedigree

OBJECTIVEThe information on the ultrasonographic features of pediatric intussusception complicated by intestinal necrosis is limited at present. This study aimed to investigate the ultrasonographic findings of this disorder in children in order to provide references for selecting a right means of reduction in clinical practice.

METHODSThe ultrasonographic findings of 48 children with intussusception complicated by intestinal necrosis and who underwent operative reduction between 2004 and 2006 were reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe type of intussusception was closely correlated to the development of intestinal necrosis and the ileo-ileo-colonic intussusception was the most common one resulting in intestinal necrosis. The bowel wall of the invaginated segment was obviously thickened and the center of the invaginated segment was often accompanied with swollen lymph node and appendix caecalis. The intussusceptional fluidify, the expanding of distal segment accompanied with the thickened bowels wall, and weakening or disappearance of enterokinesia were the appearances of necrosis of most of bowel walls. The secondary intussusception was an important factor resulting in intestinal necrosis, and sound image of primary lesion was found in some patients. Seroperitoneum was a common manifestation in all of infants with intussusception complicated by intestinal necrosis.

CONCLUSIONSThere are some obvious sonographic characteristics of intussusception complicated by intestinal necrosis in children. The means of intussusception reduction may be selected according to ultrasonographic characteristics.

Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestines ; pathology ; Intussusception ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Necrosis ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution of inflammatory cells and positive expression of P-se- lectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) in infant brainstem tissue from hand-foot-mouth disease related fatal brainstem encephalitis. METHODS: Twenty brainstem samples from infants suffered from brainstem en- cephalitis were collected as the experimental group. Ten brainstem samples from infants died of non- brain diseases and injuries were collected as the control group. The distribution of inflammatory cells and the expression of PSGL-1 in the two groups were examined by immunohistochemical method. The characteristics of the positive cells were observed. RESULTS: In brainstem tissue of the experimental group, there were sleeve infiltrations of inflammatory cells around the vessels and in the glial nodule. Microglia was the most and following was neutrophils around the vessels and in the glial nodule. There was a significant statistical difference among microglias, neutrophils and lymphocytes (P < 0.05). There was no sleeve infiltration in the control group. PSGL-1 protein was expressed widely in inflammatory cells in the experimental group, especially in the inflammatory cells around the vessels and in the glial nodule. But PSGL-1 positive staining could be observed significantly less in the control group comparing with the experimental group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Microglia is the main type of inflammatory cells involved in the progress of the fatal disease. Moreover, PSGL-1 could participate in the pathogenesis of hand-foot-mouth disease related fatal brainstem encephalitis.
Brain Stem/pathology* ; Encephalitis/pathology* ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/pathology* ; Humans ; Infant ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism* ; Microglia/pathology* ; Neutrophils/pathology*