This article elucidates the relationship between the human susceptibility to obesity and gene polymorphisms such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs)and PPAR?coactivator-1,along with milestones in the formation and development of capacity for fat deposition during evolutionary history of human.An biological evolutionary analysis,identifying factors favoring the energy stores,may be helpful to the development of preventive public health strategies.

Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Design ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; drug effects ; Humans ; Simplexvirus ; drug effects

Cerebral Palsy ; complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; Humans

Effect and safety of repeated embryo aspiration for reduction of muhifetal cervical pregnancy Was retrospectively evaluated.Three women with muhifetal cervical pregnancy successfully received conservative treatment of repeated embryo aspiration under the guidance of transvaginal ultrasound,and the gestational sac contents were aspirated completely.Local(2.5～5.0 mg injectable methotrexate,MTX) or systemic medication was used.Our findings showed that repeated embryo aspiration for reduction of cervical multifetal pregnancy could improve the coupe of disease,decrease systemic medication of MTX,and discontinue a cervical pregnancy within 8 weeks effectively and safely.However,the mminimum therapeutic dose of MTX remained to be explored.

Objective To investigate human pulpal response to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (CH) as pulp capping agents. Methods This study was conducted on 90 intact first and second premolars of human maxillary and mandibular teeth of 30 volunteers. The patients were randomly assigned into three groups with 10 in each group. Under local anesthesia, the teeth were exposed and capped either with MTA, or CH. After 30, 60, and 90 days, 10 teeth of each group were extracted and prepared for histologic ob-servation. The data were analyzed with Wilcoxon rank sum test and paired t-tests (α = 0.05). Results MTA had a higher success rate and resulted in less pulpal inflammatory response and more predictable hard dentin bridge formation than CH (P < 0.05). Conclusion MTA appears to be a suitable replacement for CH in direct pulp capping.

Objective To compare the fracture resistances of teeth restored with 3 different posts-core and failure modes. Methods 54lower premolarsendodontically treated teeth were selected for thisstudy and divided into three groups randomly (without ferrule, 1 mm ferrule and 2 mm ferrule). Each group was then divided into 3 sub-groups (6 teeth in each group) and restored with cast post-core, glass fiberpost-core, andceramic post-core respectively. After thermocycling specimens , the fracture resistance was measured using a cyclic fatigue testing machine. Data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results Fiber post-core group exhibited significantly higher resistance to fracture compared with groups of cast post-core and ceramic post-core (P<0.05). Preparing dentin ferrules increased significantly fatigue resistance (P < 0.05). Conclusions Glassfiber posts were able to preserve and reinforce the remaining tooth structures. Dentin ferrule preparation is necessary to enhancefractureresistance.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) with vascular com‐plication .Methods 97 individuals undergoing the physical examination were included into the control group ,103 patients with pure T2DM and 78 patients with T2DM complicating hyperuricemia were selected .The fasting plasma glucose(FPG) ,glycosylated he‐moglobin(HbA1c) ,total cholesterol(TC) ,triglycerides(TG) ,high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ,apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1) ,apolipoprotein B (ApoB) ,serum creatinine (Cr) and uric acid (UA ) were com‐pared among 3 groups ,meanwhile the first morning urine was collected for detecting urine microalbumin (UMA) ,and the body mass index(BMI) was detected .Then the correlation between hyperuricemia with the diabetes related complications was investigated .Re‐sults The levels of FPG ,TG ,Cr ,UMA and HbA1c in the pure T2DM group were higher than those in the control group(P < 0 . 05) ;BMI ,FPG ,TG ,TC ,LDL‐L ,UMA ,Cr and HbA1c in the T2DM complicating hyperuricemia group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0 .05) ;BMI ,TG ,Cr ,UMA and HbA1c in the T2DM complicating hyperuricemia group were higher than those in the pure T2DM group(P < 0 .05) .The incidence rates of diabetic nephropathy (DN ) ,limb arterial plaques in the T2DM complicating hyperuricemia group were significantly higher than those in the T 2DM group ,the differences were statistically signifi‐cant (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The patients with T2DM complicating hyperuricemia are easier to develop dyslipidemia ,and their inci‐dence rates of DN and lower limb arterial plaque are also significantly higher than those in patients with pure T 2DM .

To explore the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)histogram analysis for differentiating genetic subtypes of diffuse lower-grade gliomas. A total of 55 patients with WHO grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ diffuse lower-grade gliomas who underwent preoperative routine brain magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted imaging in our center were retrospectively evaluated.Among whom there were 14 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)wild-type gliomas(IDH group),19 patients with IDH-mutant 1p19q intact gliomas(IDH 1p19q group),and 22 patients with IDH-mutant 1p19q co-deleted gliomas(IDH 1p19q group).The whole-lesion ADC values derived from histogram analysis(including ADC,ADC,ADC5%,ADC10%,ADC25%,ADC50%,ADC75%,ADC90%,ADC95%,ADC,mode,range,skewness,kurtosis,standard deviation,inhomogeneity,and entrophy)were measured for each patient.All parameters between the different genetic subtypes were compared by using the Student's test or Mann-Whitney test.Receiver operating curve(ROC)analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of ADC histogram in distinguishing the different genetic subtypes. Compared with IDH group,the ADC75%(=0.021),ADC90%(=0.015),ADC95%(=0.014),ADC (=0.035),range(=0.009),standard deviation(=0.001)and inhomogeneity(=0.001)were significantly lower in IDH group;in contrast,the ADC (=0.031)and kurtosis(=0.020)of IDH group were significantly higher than those in IDH group.The ADC(=0.010),ADC5%(=0.016),ADC10%(=0.012),ADC25%(=0.007),ADC50%(=0.005),ADC75%(=0.015),and mode(=0.002)were significantly higher in IDH 1p19q group than in IDH 1p19q group.Inhomogeneity achieved the highest area under ROC(AUC)(0.811)in differentiating IDH gliomas and IDH gliomas,with a cutoff value of 0.229;the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 73.2%.The mode achieved the highest AUC(0.744)in differentiating IDH 1p19q gliomas and IDH 1p19q gliomas,with a cutoff value was 1448.75×10 mm /s;the sensitivity and specificity were 57.9% and 90.9%. ADC histograms analysis may be helpful to differentiate genetic subtypes in lower-grade gliomas.
Brain Neoplasms ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Glioma ; Humans ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies

A BBB co-culture cell model consisting of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) and astrocytes (AS) was established to study the effect of Angelica dahurica coumarins on the transport behavior of puerarin across blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro and in vivo. The barrier function of this model was evaluated by measuring the transendothelial resistance, phenol red permeability and BBB related protein expression. The permeability assay and western blot methods were performed to study the effects of Angelica dahurica coumarins on the BBB permeability and the expression of BBB related protein. The animal experiment protocols in this study were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Animal Ethics No.: 2021-1329). The results showed that the established BMEC/AS co-culture model could be used to evaluate drug transport across BBB in vitro. After combined with Angelica dahurica coumarins, the transport capacity of puerarin was significantly increased in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, Angelica dahurica coumarins enhanced BBB permeability and inhibited the protein expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Angelica dahurica coumarins might increase BBB permeability by inhibiting the expression of P-gp and tight junction protein, thereby increasing the content of puerarin in brain tissue.

OBJECTIVETo explore the anesthetic effect of preemptive analgesia of frequency acupoint electrical stimulation on painless-induced abortion as well as its effect on anesthetics dosage.

METHODSNinety cases of early pregnancy who selected painless-induced abortion were randomly divided into two groups, 45 cases in each group. Frequency acupoint electrical stimulation at Ciliao (BL 32) and Shenshu (BL 23), disperse-densewave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency for 15 to 20 min, was applied in the group A, which was followed by intravenous anesthesia of propofol. The intravenous anesthesia of propofol was applied in the group B. The blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and SpO2 before, during and after surgery, anesthetic effect and dosage, waking time and adverse events were observed in the two groups.

RESULTSThe BP and HR during and after the surgery in the group A were not statistically different from those before the surgery (all P > 0.05). The BP was reduced and HR was slowed down during the surgery in the group B, which was significantly different from those before the surgery as well as those in the group A (all P < 0.05). The dosage of propofol was (114. 3-+6. 1) mg in the group A. obviously less than (193.2 +/- 8.9) mg in the group B (P < 0.05). The waking time was (5.6 +/- 1.2) min in the group A, obviously less than (10.1 +/- 3.9) min in the group B (P < 0.05). As for anesthetic effect, the incidence of Grade I in the group A was more than the group B (P < 0.05). The adverse events, including nausea, vomiting and contractions pain in the group A were evidently less than those in the group B (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe preemptive analgesia of frequency acupoint electrical stimulation could significantly improve anesthetic effect of painless-induced abortion, reduce dosage of anesthetics, shorten waking time of surgery and guarantee the safety of surgery.

Abortion, Induced ; Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult