This study was aimed to carry out pharmacological research on the hemostatic activity and mechanism of Yi medicine Ma-Bu (Paris polyphylla Smith var stenophylla Franch.). One kind of C27 steroidal saponin from P. polyphylla Smith var stenophylla Franch. was isolated and identified as Paris saponin H (PSH). The effect of PSH on the index of bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) of mice were measured. The results showed that PSH have significant hemostatic activity by shortening BT. The effect of PSH on shortening PT and APTT of mouse was not significant. However, the FIB was enhanced significantly after treatment with PSH. It was concluded that PSH had no significant promoting effect on the extrinsic coagulation pathway (ECP) or the intrinsic coagulation pathway (ICP). The enhancement of FIB may be a pathway for the effect of hemostatic activity by PSH.

ObjectiveTo analyze the role of postmastectomy radiotherapy in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients with Stage T1 -T2 and one to three positive axillary nodes. MethodsA total of 436 breast cancer patients with T1 -T2 and one to three positive axillary lymph nodes treated with mastectomy and axillary dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped as the following four subtypes:Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2+ and triple-negative. The local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis ( DM ), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were compared between paitents with or without radiotherapy in univariate analyses. Multivariate analyses for LR were performed. Results The follow-up rate was 86. 0％. In patients with Luminal A subtype, radiotherapy decreased the 5-year LR rate (4.6％ vs 15.8％ ,x2 =5.74,P=0.017) but had no influences on DM, DFS or OS rates (17.2％ vs 19.7％,x2 =0. 17,P=0.682;77.0％ vs 67. 1％ ,x2 =1.99,P=0. 158 or87.4％:85. 5％ ,x2 =0. 12,P=0. 733 ). In patients with Luminal B subtype, radiotherapy decreased the 5-year LR rate (3.7％ vs 12. 1％,x2 =4. 13, P =0. 042), increased DFS and OS ( 84. 0％ vs 57.6％ ( x2 =14.61, P =0. 000) and 91.4％ vs 70. 7％ ( x2 =11.87, P =0. 001 ), but had no influence on DM ( 12. 3％ vs 22. 2％, x2 =2. 97, P =0. 085).In patients with Her2+ subtype, radiotherapy decreased the 5-year LR rate (5. 6％ vs 31.0％ ,x2 =4. 31,P=0. 035) , increased DFS (61. 1％ vs 13. 8％ ,x2 =11.44,P=0.001 ) ,but had no influence on DM and OS (27.8％ vs 41.4％, x2 =0. 89, P =0. 345 and 66. 7％ vs 48. 3％, x2 =1.52,P =0. 218 ). In patients with triple-negative subtype, radiotherapy had no influence in LR, DM, DFS or OS (8. 7％ vs 26. 1％ ,x2 =2.42,P=0.120;39.1％ vs47.8％,x2=0.35,P=0.552;52.2％ vs 26.1％ , x2 =3. 29, P =0. 070 or 65.2％ vs 56. 5％ ,x2 =0. 37 ,P =0. 546). Tumor size and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for LR rate in multivariate analyses ( x2 =4. 76, P =0. 029 and x2 =8.06, P =0. 005 ). ConclusionsFor patients with stage T1 -T2 and one to three positive axillary nodes, patients with all molecular subtypes except triple-negative can benefit from postmasteetomy radiotherapy.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a common metabolic neuropsychiatric syndrome in the development of end-stage liver disease. Since the concept of intestinal-liver-brain axis was proposed, the relationship between the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and the gut microbiota has been a hot research topic. In recent years, studies have confirmed that gut microbiota is involved in and affects various pathological processes of hepatic encephalopathy. This article combines the latest research progress at home and abroad to elaborate on the research status of regulating gut microbiota and thus interfering with the pathological process of hepatic encephalopathy, hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the intervention of hepatic encephalopathy based on the regulation of gut microbiota.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of salidroside on tic behavior and in vivo dopamine DA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels in Tourette syndrome (TS) model rats.

METHODSForty rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, the TS model group, the haloperidol-treated group (0.5 mg/kg x d(-1)), and the salidroside-treated group (50 mg/kg x d(-1)), 10 in each group. TS rat model was induced by imino-dipropio-nitrile (IDPN). Peritoneal injection of haloperidol and salidroside was started from the 4th day of modeling in the haloperidol-treated group and the salidroside-treated group respectively. Normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the blank control group and the TS model group respectively. Stereotyped behavior was scored, and changes of DA and 5-HT levels in blood and striatum were measured before modeling, after modeling, and after intervention.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, the score of the tic behavior was elevated (P < 0.01) , levels of DA and 5-HT in plasma and striatum were reduced in the model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the same group after modeling, the tic behavior score decreased and plasma DA levels increased in the two treated groups after intervention (P < 0.01). 5-HT content increased in the salidroside-treated group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group after intervention, the tic behavior score was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and DA levels in plasma and striatum were elevated (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in the salidroside-treated group and the haloperidol-treated group. Compared with the haloperidol-treated group, the tic behavior score increased (P < 0.01), DA levels in plasma and striatum were lowered (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), the 5-HT level increased in plasma and striatum (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in the salidroside-treated group.

CONCLUSIONSIn the salidroside-treated group, the tic behavior was significantly reduced, and DA levels in plasma and striatum were elevated. Its mechanism might be related to regulating activities of dopamine neurons in striatum.

Animals ; Corpus Striatum ; Dopamine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Haloperidol ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Serotonin ; Stereotyped Behavior ; Tics ; drug therapy ; Tourette Syndrome ; drug therapy

Background Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)is a cation channel isolated from the eyespot of Chlamydomonas algae and has been used to control neuron activity.The light stimulation is a more precise fashion whether space or time than that of electrical,magnetic and ultrasound stimulation. Objective This study was to construct a replication deficient recombinant adenovirus cxpression vector of ChR2 and to determine its function.Methods Human embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line was cultured and passaged in DF12 medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS).The ChR2 gene was cloned at the downstream of cytomegalovirus(CMV)promoter of the adenoviral shuttle plasmid pSB291 in sense direction,and the resultant recombinant plasmid pSB291-hChR2- GFP was transfected into HEK293 cell together with plasmid pBHG lox ( deltaE1,3 ) containing adenoviral genome,then small amounts replication deficient recombinant adenovirus expression vector of ChR2 (Ad-ChR2) was obtained.Through amplification gradient centrifugation and dialysis,pure Ad-ChR2 was obtained.Visual cortex cells derived from 4 1-day-old clean Long Evans rats were primary cultured with serum-free culture media and infected by AdChR2.When expressing green fluorescencc,those cells received the stimulated of blue light with 460 nm.Patch clamp technique was applied to record an action potential. Results After purification and concentration,the titer of AdhCHR2 reached 7.9×1010 PFU/ml.Twenty-four hours after transfect of Ad-ChR2,HEK293 cell membrane showed the green fluorescence for the recombinant plasmid with green fluorescence protein under the inversed fluorescence microscope.The HEK293 cells change their shape from flat to round 13 days after transfected.The primary cultured visual cortex cells exhibited the green fluorescence 3-5 days after infected by Ad-ChR2.The action potentials evoked by blue light stimulation were recorded with patch clamp on those cells expressing green fluorescence. Conclusions Ad-ChR2 expressing vector is constructed successfully in this study.It is verified that Ad-ChR2 expressing vector can infect visual cortex cells with visual function.This result is very important for visual plasticity study.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus infection and can involve the organs in the whole body. Surgery is the primary method for the treatment of CE. With the development of related techniques, precision operation, and no-tumor operation standards, more and more patients are able to receive surgical treatment, but there are still many patients who can only receive drug conservative treatment. However, there are limited drugs for the treatment of CE at present, and only benzimidazole has a definite therapeutic effect. This article reviews the research advances in the pharmacotherapy for CE in China and foreign countries, so as to provide a reference for drug research and development and clinical drug use.

OBJECTIVEThe SSR information in the transcriptome of Erigeron breviscapus was analyzed in this study, in order to further develop new functional genes SSR markers laid a solid foundation.

METHODSSR loci were searched in all of 52,060 unigenes by using est_timmer. Perl program and SSR primers were designed by Primer3. Furthermore, 36 pairs of primers were randomly selected for the polymorphism analysis on 13 Erigeron breviscapus plants collected from different places.

RESULTA total of 3639 SSRs were found in the transcriptome of Erigeron breviscapus, distributed in 3260 unigenes with the distribution frequency of 6.99%. Di-nucleotide repeat was the main type, account for as much as 34.41% of all SSRs, followed by mono-nucleotide (31.41%) and tri-nucleotide repeat motif (28.08%). The di-nucleotide repeat motifs of AT/AT and AC/GT were the predominant repeat types (28.71%). The tri-nucleotide repeat motifs of AAT/AT was the predominant repeat types (7.94%). For validation the availability of those SSR primers, we randomly selected 36 pairs of primers for PCR amplification. Among them, 34 pair primers (94.44%) produced clear and reproductive bands, 19 pair primers showed polymorphism (52.78%), and 13 Erigeron breviscapus plants were divided into 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONThere are numerous SSRs in Erigeron breviscapus transcriptome with high frequency and various types, this will provide abundant candidate molecular markers for genetic diversity study and genetic map in this plant.

China ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Erigeron ; classification ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Transcriptome

BACKGROUND:The therapeutic effectiveness on tendon injury is closely related to the material of tendon suture.
OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of tendon suture materials and tendon biomechnics in recent years.
METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI (January 1999 to December 2014), and PubMed (January 1950 to December 2014) was performed for relevant articles using the keywords of “tendon, suture materials,
biomechanics” in Chinese and English, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ideal tendon repair refers to the restoration of the continuity of its anatomical structure, tensile strength and sliding function in physiology, which is influenced by many factors. Suture technique and choice of suture materials are two steps that cannot be ignored. With the development of surgical tendon suture technique, in order to improve the quality of tendon healing, ideal tendon suture is first to have sufficient strength to avoid an early tensile fracture; secondly, the elasticity cannot be too large that can cause a gap between suturing ends and affect tendon healing, and time for protecting the tendon strength is as long as possible. Therefore, the optimal choice of tendon suture materials should be based on suture methods and biomechanical characteristics of suture lines, thereby to promote tendon healing.

OBJECTIVETo determine the relationship of serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels with the disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

METHODSSerum levels of HGF and MMP-9 were measured by ELISA in 36 patients with SLE and 30 healthy subjects as controls.

RESULT(1)Significantly increased serum level of HGF was found in SLE patients as compared with that in healthy controls (P<0.001), but serum level of MMP-9 in SLE patients decreased (P<0.001). Serum level of HGF was significantly decreased after treatment in SLE patients (P<0.05), but serum level of MMP-9 was increased (P<0.05). (2)Serum level of HGF was markedly higher in patients with active disease (24 cases) than those with inactive disease (P<0.05), but serum level of MMP-9 was lower (P<0.05). (3)Significantly increased serum level of HGF was found in patients with renal damage (16 cases) than those without (P<0.001), but serum level of MMP-9 was lower in patients with renal damage than those without (P<0.005). (4)Serum level of HGF was higher in patients with arthritis (23 cases) than those without (P<0.01), but serum level of MMP-9 had no significant difference in two groups (P>0.05). (5)The area of ROC curve was 0.707 and the sensitivity was 66.7% if serum level of HGF was served as diagnostic standard. The area of ROC curve was 0.984 and the sensitivity was 97.2% if serum level of MMP-9 was served as diagnostic standard. The sensitivity was 66.7% (24/36) if the two markers were examined simultaneously.

CONCLUSIONThe data suggest that HGF and MMP-9 could be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and serum levels of HGF and MMP-9 be used as markers to monitor disease activity, renal damage, disease progression and amelioration in SLE.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; blood ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; blood ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; ROC Curve

Purpose To study the clinical features, immunophenotypes and prognostic factors of primary breast diffuse large B-celllymphoma (PBDLBCL). Methods The clinical pathological data of 49 cases of PBDLBCL during January 2006 to December 2016 were retrospectively analysed, and the basic clinical and pathologic data, pathologic types and the immunohistochemical slides by EnVision method for staining were summarized. Results 47 cases were women and 2 cases were men. The age ranged from 24 to 79 year old with the median age of 48 year old. On microscopic observation, tumor cells were large to medium-sized which characterized as diffuse infiltration between the lobules of mammary gland, around the duct, interstitial and fat tissue, some were single file cord pattern. The immunophenotype showed 37 cases were of non-GCB, 12 cases were GCB type. Ki-67 index were greater than 40％. According to Ann Arbor staging, 16 cases were stage I EA, 28 cases were stage Ⅱ EA, 5 cases were stage Ⅳ E. IPI score: 30 cases with 0 ～1 score, 10 cases with 2 score, 9 cases with 3 score. Patients were followed up from 5 to 146 months, The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 51.2％ and 5-year OS rate was 36.7％, Single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant difference in clinical stage, levels of LDH, IPI score, BCL-2 protein expression, and BCL-6 protein expression in 3 and 5 years of OS rate. The multiple factor analysis of Cox regression showed that the increase of IPI risk classification was the independent adverse prognostic factor of primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Conclusion The diagnosis of PBDLBCL is confirmed by pathological biopsy and immunohistochemical markers. The immunophenotype was mainly non-GCB type. Comprehensive treatment including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is appropriate. The prognosis should be comprehensively evaluated by multiple factors. IPI increase risk classification is the independent adverse prognostic factor.