Objective To explore the predictive value of primary tumor site for loco?regional recurrence ( LRR) in early breast cancer patients with one to three positive axillary lymph nodes after radical surgery. Methods The clinical data of 656 patients pathologically diagnosed with pT1?2 N1 M0 breast cancer who received radical surgery without postoperative radiotherapy in our hospital from 1998 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. In those patients, 156 had primary tumor located in the inner quadrant, 45 in the central quadrant, and 455 in the outer quadrant. LRR and local recurrence?free survival ( LRFS) were end points. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to estimate LRR and LRFS rates. The log?rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox regression model. Results The 5?and 10?year sample sizes were 416 and 191, respectively. The 5?and 10?year LRR rates were 8?6% and 12?9%, respectively, while the 5?and 10?year LRFS rates were 86?2%and 76?4%, respectively. The univariate analysis indicated that age, pT stage, Ki67 level, molecular classification, and primary tumor in the inner quadrant were significant influencing factors for LRR ( P=0?000,0?006,0?017,0?004,0?000). The multivariate analysis showed that age no greater than 35 years, primary tumor in the inner quadrant, and non?luminal subtype in molecular classification were independent prognostic factors for LRR and LRFS ( P=0?0012,0?012,0?005) . With an increasing number of risk factors ( ≥ 2 ) , patients with primary tumor in the inner quadrant had a dramatically increased LRR rate and a reduced LRFS rate, while patients with primary tumor in the outer or central quadrant kept the same LRR and LRFS rates. Conclusions The primary tumor site holds promise for prediction of LRR and LRFS in patients with pT1?2N1M0 breast cancer after radical surgery. Patients with primary tumor located in the inner quadrant have a high LRR rate and a low LRFS rate, which provides an excellent predictor for the risk of recurrence in patients with high?risk breast cancer.

Objective To observe changes of serum concentrations of interleukin-18(IL-18) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) and to explore the correlation of the 2 indices and its effect on patients′condition.Methods Thirty newborn infants met the criteria for HIE.There were 16 cases in mild HIE group,14 cases in moderate and severe HIE group.Twenty normal newborn infants were used as control group.The serum concentrations of IL-18 and ICAM-1 of HIE group and control group were detected using ELISA on the third day and 7th day.Results 1.The IL-18 levels of the mild,moderate and severe HIE and control groups measured within 3 days of life were (120.1?12.7),(175.1?15.4),(100.3?12.5) ng/L,respectively.The concentrations of IL-18 in HIE groups were higher than that of control group(Pa

Objective To investigate the relationship between molecular subtypes of breast cancer and postoperative loco-regional recurrence (LR) in early breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes (pN1) and to improve the individualized indications for post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT)in these patients.Methods A total of 547 patients with pT1-2 N1M0 breast cancer,who received mastectomy between December 1998 and December 2009 in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center,were retrospectively analyzed.None of them received adjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy.The patients were divided into luminal A group,luminal B group,HER-2-overexpressing group,and triple-negative group according to the molecular subtypes of breast cancer determined by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization.The patients in different groups were compared in terms of LR rate (LRR) and LR-free survival (LRFS),and the risk factors for LR were analyzed in combination with clinical and pathological features.The Kaplan-Meier method was adopted to calculate LRR and LRFS;the Logrank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis.The Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results The luminal A group,luminal B group,HER-2-overexpressing group,and triple-negative group accounted for 30.0％,48.6％,9.3％,and 12.1％,respectively,of all the patients.The follow-up rate was 97.1％ ;334 patients were followed up for at least 5 years,and 127 were followed up for at least 10 years.Univariate analysis showed that,compared with the luminal A group,the HER-2-overexpressing group and triple-negative group had significantly higher 5-year LRRs (19.0％ vs 5.3％,x2 =4.28,P =0.026; 14.9％ vs 5.3％,x2 =5.02,P =0.015) and significantly lower LRFSs (73.5％ vs 91.1％,x2=7.27,P=0.005;80.6％ vs 91.1％,x2=4.77,P=0.021).Multivariate analysis revealed that HER-2 overexpression,triple-negative phenotype,age of ≤ 35 years,and stage pT2 were poor prognostic factors for survival (LRR and LRFS) (x2 =2.29,2.08,18.22,and 6.86,P =0.020,0.016,0.001,and 0.005;x2 =1.90,1.41,8.58,and 3.94,P=0.006,0.025,0.002,and 0.039).The 10-year LRRs of patients with 0,1,and ≥2 of the above risk factors were 4.3％,14.1％,and 31.9％,respectively (x2 =28.03,P =0.000).Conclusions Molecular subtyping is helpful for individualized evaluation of LR risk in early breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes (pN1).PMRT should be recommended for the patients with 2 or more risk factors for LR.

Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of comprehensive treatment in young women with cervical car-cinoma.Methods A total of 52 young women with cervical carcinoma were treated with uterine artery chemoembolization.50 cases underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy after interventional therapy.The patients with pathological risk factors were given supplementary radiotherapy.Results The clinical overall response rate was 88.5%.96.2% of patients underwent sur-gery and lymph node metastasis rate was 26.9%.The 2,5 year overall survival rates of patients were 91.5%,71.2% respectively. Conclusion The comprehensive treatment can improve overall survival rate and quality of life for young woman with cervical carci-noma.Postoperative patients with pathologically related risk factors should be treated with supplement chemoradiotherapy.

Suspension cultures cell of Sorbus aucuparia (SASC) was used as materials, the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of SASC after treatment with yeast extract (YE) were detected, and the synthetic mechanism of secondary metabolites in SASC treated with YE was preliminarily explored. The results were as follows: under the assay conditions, SASC was induced to synthesize five biphenyl compounds, and these compounds content changed differently with induction time prolonging; YE treatment inhibited cell growth, the culture medium pH was gradually reduced after treatment; water-soluble protein content showed a trend of slow decline, which was significantly increased in YE treatment group (YE group) compared with the control group (CK group), the maximum relative content was 147.76% in contrast with CK group; both YE group and CK group were extracellular Ca2+ flow influx, but the YE group flow was significantly slow than CK group. The results indicate that YE induced the cells in a stress state, which was not conducive to the growth of cells and forced the cells to synthesize biphenyl compounds against external stress; water-soluble protein may serve as intracellular enzymes involved in the synthesis of compounds regulation; Ca2+ may as signal molecule mediate cell signal transduction respond to YE stress.
Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chemistry ; Secondary Metabolism ; Sorbus ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the status of growth and development and the relationship between growth disorders and iron overload in children with beta-thalassemia major.

METHODSFifty children with beta-thalassemia major and who received blood transfusion therapy regularly (age: 9 months-17 years) were enrolled. They were subjected to a thorough history taking, clinical examinations, and laboratory examinations, including complete blood count, alanine transferasa (ALT) and serum ferritin. The physical growth parameters, such as height and weight, were compared with the reference values of Chinese children.

RESULTSTwenty-four patients (48%) were of short stature with height under the 3th percentile. Among them, 15 cases presented with their height and weight both under the 3th percentile. Spontaneous sex development was seen in 7 cases out of 21 over 10-year-old patients. No sex development was found in 4 out of 8 patients who were over 14 years old. The patients with a height under the 10th percentile (n=31) had higher serum ferritin levels (8239.2+/-5865.5 mg/L vs 5028.1+/-3885.7 mg/L; P<0.05) and lower hemoglobin levels (68.2+/-12.3 g/L vs 79.7+/-14.5 g/L; P<0.05) as well as hepatomegaly when compared with those patients with a height over the 10th percentile (n=19). Serum ferritin levels in 20 patients with a weight under the 10th percentile were significantly higher than those in 30 patients with a height over the 10th percentile (9165.5+/-6042.5 mg/L vs 5567.3+/-4447.3 mg/L; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSShort stature, low weight and sex development delay are common in children with beta-thalassemia major. This may be related to iron overload.

Adolescent ; Blood Transfusion ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Growth Disorders ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Iron Overload ; complications ; Male ; Sexual Maturation ; Young Adult ; beta-Thalassemia ; complications ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of cord blood total nucleated cell (TNC) dose on the efficacy of cord blood transplantation in children.

METHODSThirty-four children with hematological disease received cord blood transplantation. They were assigned to 3 groups according to the infused TNC dose: TNC>10 x 10(7)/kg (n=7), 10 x10(7)/kg>TNC> or =7 x 10(7)/kg (n=9) and TNC<7 x 10(7)/kg (n=18). The rates of graft and rejection of hematopoietic stem cells and the efficacy of transplantation were examined in the three groups.

RESULTSAll 7 children in the group infused with TNC >10 x 10(7)/kg got a long-term stable engraftment. The median time of absolute neutrophil count >0.5 x 10(9)/L was 14.8 days (range 12-20 days) and platelets >50 x10(9)/L was 52.3 days (range 26-86 days). They survived in a disease-free state. Of the 9 children in the group infused with TNC between 10 x 10(7)/kg and 7 x 10(7)/kg, 7 got engraftment. The median time of absolute neutrophil count >0.5 x 10(9)/L was 16.4 days (range 11-30 days) and platelets >50 x 10(9)/L was 63.7 days (range 34-140 days). Four children got a long-term stable engraftment and survived in a disease-free state. Two children with beta-thalassemia major had secondary rejection after engraftment and autologous hematopoitic recovery. One child died after engraftment and one child died in the early period after transplantation. Of the 18 children in the group infused with TNC<7 x 10(7)/kg, 16 children got engraftment. The median time of absolute neutrophil count >0.5 x 10(9)/L was 19.5 days (range 10-29 days) and platelets >50 x 10(9)/L was 70.1 days (range 41-116 days). Eight children had a long-term stable engraftment and survived in a disease-free state. Two children with beta-thalassemia major had secondary rejection after engraftment and autologous hematopoitic recovery. Six children died after engraftment. Two children had graft failure.

CONCLUSIONSTNC dose is an important influencing factor for hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in cord blood transplantation. An increased TNC dose may improve the success of cord blood transplantation.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Graft Rejection ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of histamine on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induced neuron death and to elucidate its mechanism.

METHODSThe primary cortical cell culture was adopted. Neuron morphology and MTT assay were used to evaluate the drugs effects.

RESULTHistamine at doses of 10(-4) 10(-6) 10(-7) 10(-8) mol/L reversed the neuron death induced by NMDA (50 micromol/L) for 3 h. The protection of histamine peaked at doses of 10(-4) mol/L and 10(-7)mol/L. The effect of histamine of 10(-7) mol/L was reversed only by cimetidine an H(2)receptor antagonist. However, the effect of histamine of 10(-4) mol/L was reversed only by pyrilamine but not cimetidine.

CONCLUSIONHistamine could reduce neuron death induced by NMDA; its protection at a low dose might be mediated by H(2)receptor, and at a high dose by H(1)receptor.

Animals ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Histamine ; pharmacology ; N-Methylaspartate ; toxicity ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Histamine H1 ; physiology ; Receptors, Histamine H2 ; physiology

OBJECTIVETrichosanthin (TCS), a ribosome-inactivating protein extracted from the root tuber of Chinese medicinal herb Trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz, has various pharmacological properties including abortifacient, anti-tumor and anti-virus. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TCS on infectious brain injury induced by Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) in mice.

METHODSNinety mice were randomly assigned into three groups: Normal control group (n=30), Model group (n=30) and TCS-treated group (n=30). Viral encephalitis was induced by intracranial inoculation of HSV-1 in the latter two groups. The TCS-treated group was injected with TCS 30 minutes before HSV-1 inoculation. The water content of brain tissue was measured at 1, 12, 24 and 48 hrs, and at 4 and 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation. The viral titer of brain tissue and brain histopathological changes were detected at 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation. The neurological deficient scores were determined daily.

RESULTSThe water content of brain tissue in the TCS-treated group between 48 hrs and 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation was significantly lower than that in the Model group (P < 0.05), although it was significantly higher than that in the Normal control group (P < 0.05). The viral titer of brain tissue in the TCS-treated group was markedly lower than that in the Model group (1.16 +/- 0.45 vs 2.89 +/- 0.44; P < 0.05) 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation. The neurological deficient scores of the TCS-treated group after 24 hrs of HSV-1 inoculation were significantly lower than that in the Model group but were higher than those of the Normal control group. TCS treatment resulted in alleviated pathological changes of brain tissue compared with the Model group 7 days after HSV-1 inoculation.

CONCLUSIONSTCS has protective effects against infectious brain injury induced by HSV-1 in mice.

Animals ; Body Water ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Encephalitis, Viral ; drug therapy ; Female ; Herpes Simplex ; drug therapy ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Male ; Mice ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Trichosanthin ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between cell-mediated immune function during conditioning and graft rejection in patients with beta-thalassemia major.

METHODSAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed in 25 children with beta-thalassemia major and 11 with acute leukemia group. The percentages of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood of these patients were detected with dual color immunofluorescence on day -10 (before conditioning) and day -5 (after conditioning), and the relationship between the cellular immune function and graft rejection was analyzed.

RESULTSAll the patients with acute leukemia showed engraftment. The rate of graft rejection was 34.8% in the patients with beta-thalassemia major. Compared with the leukemic patients, the patients with beta-thalassemia showed significantly increased percentage of CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes before and after the conditioning (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3(-)CD56(+) NK cells increased significantly in patients with beta-thalassemia major after the conditioning (P<0.05), but decreased markedly after conditioning in the leukemic patients (P<0.05). In patients with beta-thalassemia major and graft rejection, the CD3(-)CD56(+) cell phenotype was predominant after conditioning but remained unchanged in those with engraftment.

CONCLUSIONCD3(-)CD56(+) NK cells are probably associated with graft rejection in patients with beta-thalassemia major, and may serve as an index for predicting graft rejection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Infant ; Killer Cells, Natural ; cytology ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; beta-Thalassemia ; immunology ; surgery