Humans ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; adverse effects ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; surgery

Objective To explore the effect of ACE-inhibitor perindopril on the expression of scavenger receptor A (SR-A) gene in the kidney of diabetic rats.Methods Diabetes were induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by peritoneal injection with streptozotocin (60mg/kg).The rats were then random di vided into normal control group, diabetes group and ACEI treatment group [4mg/(kg·d) for 24 weeks].Blood glucose concentration and 24h urinary albumin excretion were determined.The renal morphological change was observed.Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze CD68 positive macrophages,and the Mrna of SR-A in renal tissue was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.Results Compared with normal control group,blood glucose concentration,24h urinary albumin excretion and the number of CD68 positive macrophages were significantly increased [(5.3 ± 0.6) mmol/L vs (26.7 ± 3.3) mmol/L;(2.7 ± 1.3) mg/24h vs (26.7 ± 1.8)mg/24h;(0.77 ±0.24)/gcs vs (2.55 ±0.46)/gcs;(6.13 ±0.50)/HPF vs (11.9 ±2.12)/HPF;P ＜0.05],and the expression of SR-A Mrna were significantly up-regulated in diabetes group [ (5.6 ± 1.2 vs 1.5 ±0.2),P ＜0.05].After intervention with ACE-inhibitor,the up-regulations of the above mentioned parameters,except blood glucose concentration,were all significantly inhibited [ (3.6 ±1.4)mg/24h;(1.03±0.37)/gcs;(8.28±1.19)/HPF;3.4±0.7;P ＜0.05].Conclusion ACE-inhibitor might have renoprotective effects of diabetic nephropathy,it probably was associated with inhibiting the expression of SR-A gene.

Objective To study comprehensive nursing meassures for small area of diabetic foot ulcer. Methods A total of 58 patients with small area of diabetic foot ulcer in our department were divided into two groups.The comprehensive nursing group (CN group,30 cases) adopted comprehensive nursing and treatment as follows, surgical dcbridement, infrared radiation of wound surface,sprinkling of growth factors(bFGF and rhEGF),covered by hydrocolloid dressing(Algoplaque).The control group(28cases) received hydropathic compress with 0.5% povidone iodine or 5% furacillin solution.Wound heal-ing progreasion,average healing time and the positive rate of wound germiculture of the two groups were observed. Results The average healing time of the CN group was (29.6±9.4)d,which was shorter than that of the control group,( 39.2±13.5 )d, P < 0.05. Statistical difference existed in the positive rate of wound germiculture at the 7th day and the 14th day between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions Routine medical treatment and general nursing measures plus surgical debridement,infrared radiation of wound sur-face,sprinkling of growth factors and hydrocolloid dressing possess facilitative healing effect for small area of diabetic foot ulcer.

OBJECTIVETo observe response characteristics of human brain to acupuncture of corresponding channel point selection and probe into the central nervous mechanism of acupuncture at the points selected along channel.

METHODSSix cases of chronic migraine were treated with acupuncture at Fengchi (GB 20), Waiguan (TE 5), Yang-lingquan (GB 34) on the Shaoyang Channel. Positron emission computerized tomography (PET-CT) was used for scanning and statistic parameter map (SPM 2) software was used to analyze the data and compare with healthy human brain function imaging and investigate the changes of metabolism of glucose in the brain of the patient of migraine before and after acupuncture.

RESULTSAfter acupuncture, excitation areas of the pain brain regions such as the brain stem, insula, etc. obviously reduced, and the brain function-reducing area turned from the right temporal lobe as main to bilateral temporal lobes with symmetry.

CONCLUSIONThe pons, insula, anterior frontal gyrus, etc. possibly are the target points of analgesic effect of acupuncture at the Shaoyang Channel on chronic migraine, and the change of metabolism reduction on bilateral temporal lobes induced by acupuncture possibly is one of the mechanisms for acu-puncture at points on the Shaoyang Channel for treatment of migraine. Acupuncture achieves whole and beneficial therapeutic effect possibly through coordination and redistribution of energy metabolism in the brain.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cerebrum ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; therapy ; Female ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Migraine Disorders ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for real-time recording the oxygen consumption of mice under normobaric hypoxia.

METHODSThe experimental apparatus was made up of animal container, filling water control system, electronic balance, hose, a computer with weight recording software, etc. The working principle was that the oxygen consumed by animal was replaced by water filling which was controlled by the pneumatic and hydraulic actuator. The water was weighted by an electronic balance and the weight signal was recorded into excel file at the same time. The accuracy and precision of the apparatus were detected by a 10 ml syringe. The oxygen consumption characteristics of 6 acute repetitive hypoxia mice and 6 normal mice were observed.

RESULTSThe P value for the paired t test was 1 and the CV value was 4%. The survival time and total oxygen consumption of acute repetitive hypoxia mice were both significantly increased compared to normal mice (P < 0.05), which were (58.8 +/- 6.8) min and (46.0 +/- 8.7) min respectively for the survival time and (85.1 +/- 8.5) ml and (73.6 +/- 5.4) ml respectively for total oxygen consumption.

CONCLUSIONThe hypoxia tolerance of the acute repetitive hypoxia mice can significantly improved by taking more oxygen in the animal cabin. The accuracy and precision of the apparatus are high and it can be used for the determination of oxygen consumption in hypoxia research.

Animals ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Mice ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical profiles and prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC).

METHODSForty-two cases of ChRCC were retrieved from the archival files of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 401 Hospital of PLA and Qingdao Municipal Hospital from 2003 to 2011. The clinical and pathologic features of the tumors were reviewed. Hale colloidal iron staining was performed and EnVision immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of a series of immunologic markers. Forty cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and 10 cases of renal oncocytoma were selected as controls.

RESULTSThe patients included 17 males and 25 females. The age of patients ranged from 39 years to 78 years (median age = 57 years). On gross examination, the tumors ranged from 2 cm to 19 cm in greatest dimension (mean size = 7.3 cm). Histologically, the tumors were mainly composed of solid sheets, acini or tubules of malignant cells. The tumor cells contained clear finely reticular ("chromophobe") and eosinophilic cytoplasm with perinuclear clearing. The nuclear outline was irregular and wrinkled. Nucleoli were inconspicuous and mitotic figures were barely seen. Hale colloidal iron stain was positive in all cases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were variably positive for EMA (100%, 42/42), CK7 (95.2%, 40/42), Ksp-cad (92.9%, 39/42), CK18 (88.1%, 37/42), CD117 (61.9, 26/42), CD10 (31.0%, 13/42) and PAX2 (28.6%, 12/42). They were negative for vimentin, CA IX and TFE3. The follow-up period in 31 patients ranged from 2 to 77 months (average duration = 29 months). Three patients died of tumor metastasis 3, 8, 13 months respectively after the operation. Twenty-eight patients were still alive without evidence of tumor recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSChRCC predominantly occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients. It often carries a favorable prognosis. The presence of plant cell-like morphology, pale cells with uniform reticular microvesicular appearance and perinuclear clearing are characteristic histologic features. The diffuse positivity for Hale colloidal iron stain and EMA/CK7/Ksp-cadherin/CD117-positive immunoprofiles are also useful in differential diagnosis.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunophenotyping ; Keratin-18 ; metabolism ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Cytochrome P450 enzymes are composed of many isozymes and involved in the biotransformation of both exogenous and endogenous substances. A growing number of studies have found that the P450 enzymes do not always follow the classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics, but show atypical kinetic behavior, which is also the current research hotspot. In this paper, the category and mechanisms of atypical kinetics of the P450 enzyme were reviewed, providing theoretical basis for the research of enzyme kinetics.
Animals ; Benzoflavones ; pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Protein Binding ; Substrate Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pharmacokinetics of nalmefene after intravenous administration at a single or multiple doses in Chinese healthy volunteers.

METHODSThis open, randomized clinical trial involved 12 healthy volunteers, who received a single-dose (2 mg) nalmefene injection. Before and at different time points after the injection, blood sample were obtained from the subjects. After the single intravenous dose trial, 8 healthy volunteers received intravenous nalmefene at 2 mg once daily for 6 consecutive days, and the plasma drug concentrations were determined on the morning of days 4, 5 and 6 using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using PKS program.

RESULTSThe main pharmacokinetic parameters of nalmefene (Cmax, Tmax, T1/2, AUC0-48, and AUC0-infinity) after the single intravenous dose were 7.34-/+1.56 microg/L, 0.08 h, 12.01-/+2.20 h, 30.29-/+9.84 microg.L(-1).h, and 32.23-/+9.94 microg.L(-1).h, respectively; the parameters after multiple doses were 8.04-/+1.09 microg/L, 0.08 h, 12.43-/+1.44 h, 33.64-/+9.15 microg.L(-1).h and 35.98-/+9.23 microg.L(-1).h, respectively. The steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters including the degree of fluctuation (DF), AUCss and Cav were 4.69-/+1.29, 19.64-/+6.20 microg.L(-1).h and 1.64-/+0.52 microg/L, respectively.

CONCLUSIONNalmefene showed similar pharmacokinetics in Chinese healthy volunteers with those in the foreign testees, and can be safely administered in healthy volunteers without producing unmanageable pain.

Adult ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Naltrexone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Narcotic Antagonists ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression and clinical significance of Semaphorin4D (Sema4D) mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocyte, Sema4D on platelet surface, soluble Sema4D (sSema4D) in plasma in patients with cerebral infarction.

METHODSTaking 299 patients with cerebral infarction as the case group while 195 healthy adults as the control group. The mRNA expression of Sema4D was detected by Real-time PCR, and Sema4D expression on platelet by flow cytometry, sSema4D by ELISA. Then, the expression of Sema4D on platelet surface and the concentration of sSema4D in plasma of the 195 selected patients following 2 weeks' treatment were tested.

RESULTSThe expression of Sema4D mRNA significantly increased in the case group \[(2.23, 2.66)×10(4) IU/ml\] than in the control group \[(0.49, 0.53)×10(4)IU/ml\] (P < 0.01). The level of Sema4D on platelet surface in the case group (191.62 ± 46.56) significantly decreased than in the control group (303.33 ± 112.66) (P < 0.01). But the concentration of sSema4D in plasma in the case group \[(1.34 ± 0.56) µg/L\] was obviously higher than in the control group \[(0.61 ± 0.31) µg/L\] (P < 0.01). The expression of Sema4D on platelet was obviously relevant with the concentration of sSema4D in plasma in the case group with the correlation coefficient as 0.328 (P < 0.01). The expression of Sema4D on platelet obviously peaked up following 2 weeks' routine therapy in the case group, which was close to that in the control group. Meanwhile the concentration of sSema4D in plasma was downward corrected to the normal in the case group.

CONCLUSIONThe increased expressions and plasma levels, and reduced expressions on platelet of Sema4D in acute period, which returned to normal 2 weeks after treatment in the case group may be related to the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction, reflecting the development process of cerebral infarction.

Aged ; Antigens, CD ; blood ; metabolism ; Blood Platelets ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Semaphorins ; blood ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and localization of nuclear transcription factor Sp1 in macrophages after stimulated by silicon dioxide in vivo and in vitro.

METHODSForty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group and the silica exposure group, 20 in each group. The rat silicosis models were established by direct tracheal instillation of silica into rat lung (0.2 g/kg) only once while the control group was instilled with equal amount of saline. Animals were killed at 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after instillation. Dynamic changes of Sp1 protein expression and its cellular localization were detected by immunohistochemistry in pulmonary macrophages. In vitro, Sp1 mRNA and protein expression and their dynamic changes were monitored by RT-PCR and western blotting after stimulated by silicon dioxide in cultured RAW264.7 macrophages respectively. Cellular localization of Sp1 protein was characterized by immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSCompared to the control group, the Sp1 protein expression was increased in pulmonary macrophages and reached the peak at the 14th day in the silica exposure group. In vitro, the Sp1 mRNA level began to rise at 30 minutes after the administration of silicon dioxide and reached the peak at 240 minutes and then decreased to the minimal level at 960 minutes. The Sp1 total protein and nuclear protein also exhibited the similar trend. The former reached the peak at 240 minutes and the latter at 480 minutes. The significant nuclear translocation of Sp1 protein was observed at 120 minutes after the administration of silicon dioxide and became most significant at 480 minutes.

CONCLUSIONSilicon dioxide can activate nuclear transcription factor Sp1 in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Sp1 might play an important pathogenic role in the development of silicosis.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Silicon Dioxide ; pharmacology ; Sp1 Transcription Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics