Background and purpose:Neuroendocrine neoplasm is one kind of infrequent neoplasms from neuroendocrine cell and peptidergic neurons. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) in Dalian. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all neuroendocrine neoplasms patients in First Afifliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from 2000 to 2013. The epidemiology characteristics, pathogenic sites and pathological types were reviewed, and the differences between gender and age were also analyzed. The statistics analysis such as independent-samples t test and one-way ANOVA and chi-square test were performed. Results:There were 279 NEN cases, including 166 male and 113 female patients (male:female=1.14:1), detection rate was 0.258%. The mean age of all cases was 59.4±17.1 (20-83), for male 58.9±19.4 (20-81) and female 61.7±15.0 (29-83). There was no statistical signiifcance of detection rate and mean age between male and female patients. Digestive system was the most common occurred site of NEN (71.68%), then was the respiratory system (20.79%). There was no statistical significance of pathogenic sites between male and female.In all case, 132 with neuroendocrine tumor (47.31%), 140 with neuroendocrine cancer (50.18%), 7 with mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (2.51%). There was no statistical signiifcance of pathological types between male and female (P>0.05).Conclusion:Recently, the detection rate of neuroendocrine neoplasms was raised in Dalian, but there was no signiifcance differences in detection rate,pathogenic sites and pathological types between male and female.

Objective To study manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and observe its relation to metastatic potential. To investigate the diagnostic performance of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) for detecting metastatic potential of CRC. Methods High and low metastatic potential CRC cell lines SW620, HCT116, LoVo and SW480, DLD-1, HCT15, Caco-2, as well as normal colon mucosal cell CCD841 CoN were cultured. MnSOD expression level in cells was detected by western blot and the measurement was repeated for three times. HCT15, DLD-1, LoVo and SW620 cells were selected to perform in vitro MEMRI and subcutaneous xenografts were developed for subsequent in vivo MEMRI. MnCl2·4H2O solution was utilized as the contrast agent and T1 shortening was calculated. The differences of MnSOD expression level in cells, average T1 value shortening of cells and xenografts were separately compared by one-way ANOVA.Results The difference of MnSOD expression level in CRC cells were significant (P<0.05). All CRC cells have shown higher level of MnSOD expression than normal cell, except for Caco-2. The highest expression were shown in low metastatic potential cells (HCT15 and DLD-1). Whereas relatively low MnSOD expression was found both in high and low metastatic potential cells (LoVo, SW620, HCT116 and SW480). In vitro MEMRI demonstrated that the average T1 value shortening was greatest in high metastatic potential cells SW620 and LoVo [(289.33±0.57) and (268.45 ± 6.87) ms)], was significantly lower in low metastatic potential cells DLD-1 and HCT15, was lowest in CCD841 CoN [(65.12 ± 0.12)ms] (P<0.05). Twenty nine xenografts were successfully developed, high metastatic potential SW620 and LoVo tumors of 5 and 10 mm group showed greater T1 shortening, low metastatic potential DLD-1 and HCT15 tumors showed significantly less T1 shortening (P<0.05). However no significant difference was found in similar metastatic potential tumors (P>0.05). Conclusions MEMRI has the potential to noninvasively distinguish different metastatic potential CRC by revealing greater T 1 value shortening in more aggressive one. However the MnSOD expression in CRC cells is not corresponding to malignant potential.

The purpose of our present work was to study the discharge of bursting-firing neurons (BFNs) in ipsilateral or contralateral hippocampus (HPC), and its relations to the reestablishment of local epileptic networks. The experiments were performed on 140 Sprague Dawley male rats (150-250 g). Acute tetanization (60 Hz, 2 s, 0.4 -0.6 mA) of the right posterior dorsal hippocampus (ATPDH) was administered to establish rat epilepsy model. The single unit discharges and the depth electrographs were simultaneously recorded from ipsilateral or contralateral HPC. In other experimental rats, acute tetanization of the right anterior dorsal HPC (ATADH) was used. Extracellular unit discharges in the CA1 region were simultaneously recorded from bilateral anterior dorsal hippocampi. Analysis of hippocampal BFN firing patterns before or after administration of the tetanization was focused on according to their location in the HPC epileptic networks in vivo. Single unit discharges of 138 hippocampal neurons were recorded from ipsilateral and/or contralateral anterior dorsal HPC. Of the 138 neurons recorded, 19 were BFNs. 13 BFNs were tetanus-evoked and the remaining 6 were spontaneous ones. The evoked reactions of the single hippocampal neuron induced by the tetanization mainly included: (1) the firing patterns of the BFNs in ipsilateral anterior dorsal HPC were obviously modulated by the ATPDH from tonic firing into rhythmic bursting. The bursting interspike intervals (BISI) decreased. (2) There were mild modulations of the firing patterns of the BFNs in contralateral anterior dorsal HPC following post-inhibition of the firing rate of single neuron induced by the ATPDH. The interspike intervals (ISI) increased obviously. (3) Post-facilitation of rhythmic bursting-firing of the BFNs in contralateral anterior dorsal HPC was induced by ATADH; both the ISI and the IBI increased. (4) Synchronous or asynchronous rhythmic bursting-firing of the BFNs and the network epileptiform events ipsilateral or contralateral anterior dorsal HPC were elicited by the ATPDH. The results obtained suggest that bursting-firing of single BFNs is produced by the ATPDH in the anterior dorsal HPC along the longitudinal axis of the ipsilateral HPC or across the hemisphere to the opposite HPC. Rhythmic activities of the BFN may be implicated in the epileptic network reestablishment of the HPC. On the other hand, synaptic modulation of the BFN temporal series might be responsible for pathophysiological information transmission in the HPC-epileptic network.
Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ; physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nerve Net ; physiopathology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synaptic Transmission

Amygdala ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid, kappa ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the function characteristics of CD4 T cell converted double negative T cell and provide a basis for further insight into the characteristics of mouse converted double negative T cell.Methods The gene expression profile was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing and protein mass spectrometry.The expression of cell active marker CD44,CD69 and OX40 was investigated by flow cytometry and the cytotoxicity of mouse double negative T cell was verified by CFSE staining.Results Mouse CD4 T cell converted double negative T cell expressed cell phenotype that differed from other mature CI4 T cells.Mouse converted double negative T cell expressed high level of active marker of CD44,CD69 and OX40.Cytotoxicity of PrfO DN T was significantly reduced.Conclusions Mouse CD4 T cell converted double negative T cell has distinguishing cell phenotypes,that are not identical to other mature CD4 T cells.Mouse double negative T cell overexpresses cell activation marker and cytotoxic cytokines.The immune suppressive function of mouse double negative T cell is mainly dependent on perforin pathway.

Objective To explore the applicability of pubertal development scale in estimating sexual maturation among urban Chinese adolescents.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2562 students of 4th to 12th grade in Shanghai,selected by stratified cluster sampling method.Self-reported pubertal maturation level was obtained by Pubertal Development Scale (PDS).Meanwhile,visual depiction of Tanner stages of breast,genital and pubic hair development were rated by a trained rater of the same gender,Results In 2562 students,the correlation between self-reported PDS and assessment from the raters were substantial,both in boys and girls (Pearson' s correlation coefficients:0.822 and 0.814,respectively).The overall agreement of pubertal development stages based on PDS and the rater' s assessment were 35.24％ and 51.42％ for boys and girls,respectively,with Kendall' s correlation coefficients as 0.713 and 0.685,respectively.Adolescents who were older,had relatively higher level of pubertal stages or adolescents from the richer families,tended to underestimate their actual level of pubertal maturation while those male subjects and overweight or obese subjects were even more likely to be so.Conclusion Using the self-reported PDS,we could conveniently obtain the necessary information regarding sexual maturation among the urban adolescents.It seemed especially useful in the related epidemiological survey when physical examination was precluded by cost,privacy and other concerns.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system.

METHODSThe appropriate ozone dosage was determined, and then the changes of TOC, UV254 and THM formation potential (THMFP) in the combined system were evaluated.

RESULTSOne mg/L ozone could effectively remove taste and odor and meet the maximum allowable bromate level in drinking water. The pre-ozonation increased THMFP, but the conventional treatment system could effectively reduce the odor. The bio-ceramic filter could partly reduce CHCl3FP, but sometimes might increase CHCl2BrFP and CHClBr2FP. The biological activated carbon (BAC) filter could effectively reduce CHCl3FP and CHCl2BrFP, but increase CHClBr2FP. Compared with other filters, the fresh activated carbon (FAC) filter performed better in reducing THMFP and even reduced CHClBr2FP.

CONCLUSIONThe combined system can effectively reduce taste, odor, CHCl3FP, and CHCl2BrFP and also bring bromate under control.

Bromates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; China ; Chlorine ; Humans ; Odorants ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Ozone ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rivers ; chemistry ; Taste ; Trihalomethanes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Water Supply ; analysis ; standards

Objective To evaluate and summarize the best available evidence of effects of physical exercise on fall prevention in community-dwelling elderly people.Methods We searched Cochrane Library,JBI Library,Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO),National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC),PubMed,EMbase,Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline (SIGN),British Medical Journal Best Practice,British Medical Journal Best Practice,CBM,Wanfang Database and CNKI,to collect literatures including guideline,evidence summary(ES),best practice information sheet (BPIS),recommend practice (RP),system review(SR) and original research.Three authors independently evaluated quality of literatures and extracted data.Results Ten articles were enrolled,including four guidelines,two SRs,one RP,one ES,and two randomized controlled trials.Best evidence included:exercises should aim to provide moderate or high balance function training.Tai Chi and yoga were effective in fall prevention.Multifactorial assessment,group-based or home-based exercises were able to prevent falls.Conclusion Community should provide physical exercise recommendations for the elderly and satisfy the corresponding conditions.Available best evidence is recommended to use according to individual situation of the elderly.

ITS2 sequence was used as a barcode to identify herbal tea ingredient Plumeria rubra and its adulterants. Genomic DNAs from forty eight samples were extracted, the ITS2 sequences were amplified and sequenced bi-direstionlly, and then assembled and obtained using CodonCode Aligner. The sequences were aligned using ClustalW, the genetic distances were computed by kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA5.0. Results showed that the length of ITS2 sequence of P. rubra were 244 bp. The intra-specific genetic distances (0-0. 016 6) were much smaller than inter-specific ones between P. rubra and its adulterants(0.320 8-0.650 4). The NJ tree indicated that P. rubra and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. Therefore, Using ITS2 barcode can accurately andeffectively distinguish herbal tea ingredient P. rubra from its adulterants, which providesa new molecular method to identify P. rubra and ensure its safety in use.
Apocynaceae ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Flowers ; chemistry ; classification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Quality Control

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in colorectal submucosal lesions, and provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 229 patients with colorectal submucosal lesions discovered by electronic colonoscopy and EUS. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. The location, type, EUS features of lesions and the coincidence rate of EUS and histopathological diagnosis were analyzed.Results:Colorectal submucosal lesions were common in the rectum (44.98%, 103/229) and ascending colon (15.28%, 35/229). Lipoma was the most common pathological type of colorectal submucosal lesions (34.93%, 80/229), which was commonly located in transverse colon (22.50%, 18/80) and ascending colon (20.00%, 16/80). Neuroendocrine tumor was the second one, accounting for 33.63% (77/229), and was commonly located in rectum (96.10%, 74/77), followed by cyst (18.78%, 43/229). Under EUS, 229 cases of lesions originated from submucosa in 215 cases, muscularis mucosa in 11 cases, and muscularis propria in 3 cases. The overall coincidence rate of EUS and pathological diagnosis was 89.08% (204/229). The coincidence rate of EUS diagnosis was 100.00% (80/80) for lipoma, 5/5 for air-cyst, 3/3 for intestinal stromal tumor, 81.82% (72/88) for neuroendocrine tumor, 89.13% (41/46) for cyst, 1/4 for leiomyoma, 2/5 for lymphangioma, and granulosa cell tumor and neurofibroma were both 0.Conclusion:EUS has a more accurate diagnosis of the origin, echogenicity and pathological properties of colorectal submucosal lesions, but it has certain limitations for the diagnosis of rare tumors such as granulosa cell tumor and neurofibroma.