Dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is a prevalent form of irreversible blindness worldwide in the elderly population with an increasing incidence in China.It is found that some dry AMD will develop to wet AMD and therefore damage visual function.Pathogenesis of AMD is below understand now,but it is thought to be related to the light-induced ocular damage,oxidative stress response,extracellular disposition and immunology.Up to now,effective and safe prevention and treatment methods of AMD are still studying,especially wet AMD,but the concern on dry AMD is not enough.Some basic and clinical pharmaceutics researches on AMD include antioxidants,anti-extracellular disposition drugs and anti-inflammatory agents.With the rise of aging population,we should pay special attention to the research on pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of dry AMD.

Vitreo-retinal surgery is one of the effective methods in treating severe vitreoretinopathy.However,there remains great variance in surgical quality,outcomes and success rates among hospitals of different areas in China.This article focuses on how to im- prove in surgical outcomes and success rate as well as to avoid complications of vitreo-retinal surgery.Specific issues are addressed on such as indications and timing of vitreo-retinal surgery,management of pre-operative patients,applications of new appliances and mate- rials,maneuver of surgical techniques and nurturing appropriate habits of surgery.

This study is to establish the gastric cold model of rats. After gastric feeding with cold water for 5 weeks and extra iced water bath in the last 2 weeks, model group show distinct physical sign of gastric cold syndrome. The pathology of gastrics reveals gastricism of model group, while treatment group(treated with Fanzuojin Wan) show mild lesion. Elisa detection of model group show that the solution of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is higher than blank group. The difference with significance among model group, treatment group and blank group reveals the success of the establishment of gastric cold syndrome.
Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Stomach Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

This study is to establish the gastric hot model of rats. After gastric feeding with ethanol solution for 3 weeks and feeding with extra capsaicin and ethanol solution for another 2 weeks, model group show distinct physical sign of gastric hot syndrome. The pathology of gastrics reveals gastricism of model group, while treatment group (treat with Zuojin Wan) shows mild lesion. Elisa detection of model group show that the solution of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is higher than the blank group. The obvious difference among model group, treatment group and blank group reveals the success of the establishment of gastric hot model.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach Diseases ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Larynx ; pathology

Blindness ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Vision, Low ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective To study the changes of field potentials (FPs) during development and after long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in rat visual cortical slices. Methods Field potentials recorded from layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ induced by layer Ⅳ in the rat visual cortical slices were examined. The developing changes of FPs from postnatal days 8-13,15-21 and 29-35 were observed. Amplitudes, peak latencies and slopes of FPs before and after LTP induction were compared. Results Field potentials changed with the development, and the stimulating threshold at p15-21 was lower than that of the other two groups. The increase of FP amplitude was positively correlated with increase of its slope. The shortening of FP latency was positively correlated with the difference between changes of slope and amplitude. Conclusion Developing changes of field potentials reflect the development of visual cortex. The changes of FP slope follow the changes of its amplitude and latency, and thereby the slope is a proper parameter used as an index to evaluate LTP in visual cortex.

Objective To study the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in developing rat visual cortical slices. Methods Field potentials recorded from layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ induced by layer Ⅳ stimulation in rat visual cortical slices were examined. LTP was induced by tetanus in the slices on the postnatal 2, 3 and 5-week rats. The LTP incidences and the effects of GABA on them in different developmental stages were compared. Results LTP incidence at postnatal week 5 was significantly lower than that in other two groups. GABA A receptor antagonist picrotoxin could reverse this tendency, but had no effects on the LTP induction at the early postnatal age. Conclusion In visual cortex, GABA has inhibitory effects on the LTP induction only after the end of critical period and has no any facilitatory effects on the LTP induction before the developmental critical period.

Cutaneous Fistula ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngectomy ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To detect the levels of CD4+CD25HiCD127Low regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood and its clinical significance in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood were detected by three-color flow cytometry (FCM) in 80 patients with esophageal cancer and 20 healthy controls. Among the 80 patients, 30 patients were also further studied for preoperative and postoperative comparison after operation. The clinical and pathological data of each patient were collected and analyzed for the correlation with the Treg levels. Results The level of Treg in the peripheral blood of the control group was lower than that of the esophageal cancer patients [(3.36±1.14) % and (5.70±1.96) %, respectively], with significant difference (P <0.01). The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood was higher in the patients with metastasis of lymph node (n=40) than that in the patients without metastasis of lymph node (5.96±1.36) % and (4.23±1.18) %, respectively] (n=30), with significant difference (P <0.01). The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood of the patients were negatively correlated with their TNM classification. As the TNM classification advanced, the level of the Treg in the peripheral blood increased. Conclusion The levels of Treg in the peripheral blood of the patients with esophageal cancer are significantly higher than that of the healthy subjects, which is correlated with the clinical and pathological conditions. The development of esophageal cancer may relate with suppression of immune function.