Objective To understand the relation between smoking and serum uric acid level and to investigate whether the ser-um uric acid has the correlation with the gender,age and smoking history.Methods The data of the gender,age,blood uric acid in1 847 individuals aged 20-80 years with the healthy physical examination and without underlying diseases were performed the statisti-cal analysis.Results With male and female as the research objects,the serum uric acid level of smokers were higher than that of non-smokers and occasional smokers,the difference was statistically significant;the serum uric acid level had no statistically signifi-cant difference between smokers and occasional smokers;the serum uric acid level had no statistically significant difference among non-smoking,occasional smoking and smoking groups for males as the research objects alone;to divide the male subjects into groups according to age,the serum uric acid level of non-smokers,occasional smokers and smokers were not statistically significant among all age groups;serum uric acid level showed the increasing trend with the increase of smoking history,but there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusion The serum uric acid level of smokers is significantly higher than that of non-smokers and occa-sional smokers with male and female as the research objects;the difference in serum uric acid level between smokers and occasional smokers has no statistical significance;excluding the gender factor interference,the serum uric acid level of males is not affected by smoking or age;serum uric acid mean value demonstrates the increasing trend with the increase of smoking history.

Objective To explore the clinical value of different transcatheter arterial embolization methods for renal carcino-ma before radical nephrectomy.Methods The related data of 43 patients with renal carcinoma who were confirmed by surgical pa-thology were retrospectively analyzed.Renal artery,renal capsular artery and adrenal artery of lesion side kidney were super-selec-tive embolized before surgery was set as group A,while Lesion side renal artery embolized was set as group B.Direct surgical radical nephrectomy was set as group C.The related data of operation time,ease or complexity of operation,intraoperative blood loss,suc-cess rate of lesion resection and postoperative survival rate were analyzed and compared in the three groups with statistical meth-ods.Results There were significant differences among the three groups in the average operation time,ease or complexity of opera-tion,intraoperative blood loss,success rate of lesion resection and postoperative survival rate (P < 0.01 ).There were significant differences between group A and B about all indexes except success rate of lesion resection(P <0.01).Conclusion The cases with additional transcatheter arterial embolization before radical nephrectomy improved obviously,especially in the cases who underwent completely embolization of lesion side renal artery and renal capsular artery.

Objective To investigate the imaging characteristics of lymphoscintigraphy in postoperative breast cancer patients and evaluate its diagnostic value in breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).Methods Seventy-nine breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were studied. Patients ( n = 158 ) were divided into the study ( affected arms, n = 79 ) and control groups ( contralateral arms, n = 79). After subcutaneous injection of 99Tcm-dextran via the first interphalangeal space, lymphoscintigraphy was performed at 10 min, 1,3, 6 h respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of lymphoscintigraphy for detection of BCRL were calculated. Results There were significant differences in the amount of visualized lymph nodes, lymphatic integrity and backflow pattern between the two groups.Lymphatic drainage was preserved in 96.2% (76/79) of the contralateral arms and only 5.1% (4/79) of affected arms. 87.3% (69/79) and 74.7% (59/79) of control arms had ≥2 lymph nodes in axilla and supraclavicular regions, respectively; while none ( 0/79 ) and 5.1% (4/79) of the affected arms had ≥ 2lymph nodes in both regions, respectively. Four backflow patterns of radiotracer in subcutis were observed in the affected arms: normal (2.5% , 2/79), dilatated (55.7%, 44/79), diffused (36.7%, 29/79) and without backflow (5.1%, 4/79 ). The sensitivity and specificity of "lymphatic integrity" and "backflow pattern" on lymphoscintigraphy for detecting BCRL were 97.5% (77/79) and 96.2% (76/79), 94.8%(73/77) and 100.0% (81/81), respectively. Conclusion Lymphoscintigraphy is a noninvasive, accurate and effective imaging modality for the evaluation of BCRL.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the missing diagnosis of neck metastases by routine detecting method (palpation combined with one pathological slide) in laryngeal carcinomas.

METHODSSixty-six specimens of neck dissections were collected and observed by routine method, transparent method, and continuous sliding method.

RESULTSTotally, 1153 lymph nodes were detected by palpation method and another 1204 lymph nodes were detected by transparent method. The lymph nodes detected by transparent method account for 51.1% of the total, and among them 10 metastases were found, which account for 15.6% (10/64) of metastatic lymph nodes. For those with no metastasis detected by routine method, 50 microm interval continuous sliding method was performed, and 14 tiny metastases were found, which account for 21.9% (14/64) of metastatic lymph nodes. Detecting by routine method, most lymph nodes (95%) were in tumor growth and tumor suffusion stage. The missing diagnosis rate of routine method was 37.5% (24/64).

CONCLUSIONSWhen routine method was used to detect lymph nodes in neck specimens, missing diagnosis should be considered to select best therapy. Through transparent method small lymph nodes could be found and it is a valuable method to observe pathological changes of small nodes. Continuous sliding method could find micrometastasis precisely, but the work burden is heavy and it is difficult to be widely used.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; secondary ; surgery ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Staging ; Specimen Handling ; methods

There are similarities between magnetotactic bacteria and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) which isolated from Acid mine drainage(AMD). The weak magnetotaxis of some bioleaching bacteria isolated were found by microscope. A magnetophoresis apparatus was designed based on these weak magnetotaxis and be used to analysis the movement of these strains. The physiological properties of the anear magnetic field strain and removed magnetic field strain which isolated successfully by magnetophoresis apparatus have large difference. The nanometer magnetic particles was extract from the Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans which purified by spread plate method from AMFS and its main elements are Fe and O by energy spectrum analysis. The results show that A. ferrooxidans have weak magnetotaxis and can be isolated by magnetophoresis. With the development of this new isolating method, the research of magnetotactic bacteria and bioleaching will get more benefit from it.

Objective To evaluate the lymphoscintigraphic imaging characteristics for the patients with lower limb lymphedema and to establish a novel grading system for the injury to lower limb lymphatic system. Methods One hundred and sixty six consecutive patients (332 lower limbs) with lower limb lymphedema after surgical and(or) radiotherapy treatment for gynecological cancer were recruited into this retrospective study. The lymphoscintigraphy studies were performed after subcutaneous injection of 111～185 MBq (0. 1～0. 15 ml) of 99Tcm-DX into the webbed space between the first and second toes of both feet. Based on the integrity of lymphatic vessel and the extension of dermal diffusion on lymphoscintigram,the lymphatic injury to the lower limb was graded as 0, 1,2 and 3 respectively. The lymphedema of the limb was staged as 0, Ⅰ , Ⅱ a, Ⅱ b, Ⅲ by the standard of Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology (ISL). Chi square test was carried out to validate the established grading system for the assessment of the injury to the lower limb lymphatic system. Results The lymphoscintigraphic imaging characteristics included lymphatic blockage, dermal backflow, no visualization of lymphatic or lymph node, lymphocele and lymph fistula in the lower limb, pelvis and abdomen. There were 65 (19.6%), 71 (21.4%),131 (39.5%), 62 (18.7%) and 3 (0.9%) limbs staged as 0, Ⅰ , Ⅱa, Ⅱb, and Ⅲ for lymphedema while 36(10.8%), 79(23.8%), 116(34.9%) and 101 (30.4%) limbs graded as 0, 1, 2, and 3 for lymphatic injury. There was a statistically significant correlation between the grading methods (χ2 =313.483, P <0.001). The patients who underwent radiotherapy had a higher incidence rate of grade 2 and 3 (70.5%, 158/224) than those who underwent surgery (53.6%, 59/108) (χ2 = 9.662, P = 0.022).The patients with erysipelas had a higher incidence rate of grade 3(73.1%, 38/52) than those without erysipelas (43.9%, 50/114) (χ2= 12.238, P<0.001). The incidence rate of grade 3 increased with the duration of lymphedema after treatment: 36.6% (34/93) for less than 1.5 years, 72.3% (34/47) for between 1.5 to 5 years, and 76.9% (20/26) for more than 5 years (χ2 = 23.123, P<0.001). The grade of lymphatic injury showed no significant difference among 3 types of gynecological cancers (χ2 = 4.000, P =0.676), or between the patients with and without chemotherapy (χ2 =0.411, P=0.938). Conclusions Lymphoscintigraphy is a reliable modality to diagnose lower limb lymphedema after treatment for gynecological cancer. The injury grading system could provide objective assessment of the lymphatic damage.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the anti-tumor effect of Xihuang pill on tumor-bearing rats and its effect on the immune clearance function of tumor-bearing organisms.

METHODWalker256 tumor cells were adopted to establish the tumor-bearing rat model. The rats were randomly divided into five groups: the normal control group, the model control group, the lentinan group and Xihuang pill low dose, middle dose and high dose groups, with 10 rats in each group, and continuously treated and given drugs for 14 d after modeling. Blood and tumors were collected from abdominal aorta to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. The content of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and adhesion molecule B7-1 (CD80) in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expressions of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in were determined by ELISA.

RESULTThe tumor inhibition rate of the Xihuang pill high dose group was 33. 1 percent. Compared with the model group, the Xihuang pill large dose group showed significantly low IL-2, IFN-gamma, CD3+, CD4+, B7-1 in peripheral blood, with statistical significance in their differences (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONXihuang pill could show its anti-tumor effect by enhancing the immune clearance function and increasing IL-2, IFN-gamma, CD3+ T, CD4+ T, B7-1 in peripheral blood.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; B7-1 Antigen ; genetics ; immunology ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immune System ; drug effects ; Immunologic Factors ; administration & dosage ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-2 ; genetics ; immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

This study was conducted to investigate the paclitaxel loaded by hydrazone bonds in poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone) micelles (mPEG-PCL-PTX) on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells and its possible mechanisms of anti-tumor activity. The cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay. Flow cytometry were used to analyze the cell cycle. The cell apoptosis was analyzed using Hoechst/P staining. The expression levels of apoptotic genes expression in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The mPEG-PCL-PTX could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and promote the apoptosis. The Bax, caspase-3 protein expression were increased while Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased in A549 cells. Results showed that the polymer containing hydrazone bond is non-toxic in vitro, the mPEG-PCL-PTX micelles can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of A549 cells. Key words: paclitaxel; micelle; A549 cell; proliferation; cell cycle; apoptosis
Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Micelles ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; Polyesters ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

This paper reported a new type of amylase (neoamylase) secreted by a Bacillus strain ZX99. The enzyme was a kind of ectoenzyme that could catalyze starch into isomalto-oligosaccharide effectively, but could not act on pullulan as substrate. The strain Bacillus ZX99 was mutated by ultraviolet ray and a mutant strain BS3.232 was screened. The activity of the neoamylase produced from BS3.232 increased by 60% over that from ZX99 under the same conditions. The results of thin-layer chromatography of products from starch and pullulan catalyzed by the enzyme demonstrated that the enzyme was different from neopullulanase and can be used to produce isomaltooligosaccharide from starch, including isomaltose, panose, isomaltotriose, isomaltotetose.

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the safety ,technical success rate and long‐term efficacy of the hepatic mul‐tiple cavernous hemangioma with super selective arterial cheoembolization .Methods 6 cases multiple hepatic cavernous hemangio‐ma by clinical diagnosed between 2004-2011 years in our hospital ,Through arterial super selective and completely filling cheoem‐bolization by Pingyang mycin lipiodol emulsion(PYM‐Lip) ,To assess the long‐term efficacy .by multi slice spiral CT enhanced scan‐ning and carry on relevant statistics processing in postoperative 6 ,12 ,36months .Results 26 lesions were embolismed in 6 cases multiple hepatic cavernous hemangioma ,Among the number of successful embolization were 15 of 1 cases ,2 of 4 cases ,3 of 1 cases , respectively .26 lesions was decreased with different degrees ,which the diameter of lesions were reduced with embolismed by CT enhanced scanning in postoperative 6 ,12 ,36months and diameter reduced> 50% ,diameter reduced≤50% ,lesions disappear was 38% (10/26) ,54% (14/26) ,8% (2/26) ,62% (16/26) ,23% (6/26) ,15% (4/26) ,69% (18/26) ,12% (3/26) ,19% (5/26) .Technical operation success rate 100% ,not serious complications occurred .There are statistically significant differences in the size of lesions before and after operation(P<0 .01) .Conclusion The technique success rate was high ,minimally invasive ,the complications was less ,the curative efficacy was obvious by transcatheter arterial super selective cheoembolizaton with hepatic multiple cavernous he ‐mangioma .