OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation in management of nosocomial infections in hospitals,and provide rational preventive measures in order to improve the medical care quality.METHODS An observatory study was conducted and reasonable suggestions were preferred referring to foreign nosocomial infections modes.RESULTS Problems were found to a different extent in administration of nosocomial infections.Most alarming problems were shortages of rules and regulations,and deficiency of infection propaganda and administration coordination.CONCLUSIONS Strengthening management of nosocomial infections is one of the key issues for improvement of the medical care quality and should be paid special attention.

Objective To study the CT manifestations of thyroiditis. Methods CT findings on plain and contrast enhanced thin-slice CT scan of 36 cases with thyroiditis proved by surgery (34/36) or fine needle biopsy (2/36) were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 28 cases of Hashimotos’ thyroiditis.The characteristic signs were seen in 68% cases (19/28).Plain CT scan showed diffuse and symmetrical enlargement of bilateral leaves and isthmus whith greately reduced density which was homgeneous or slightly heterogeneous,no calcification or lower density nodule was seen,conrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated uniform enhancement which was more dense than adjacent muscles, the thyroid outline could be clearly defined and no lymphadenopathy was found. Symmetrical enlargement of bilateral leaves and isthmus with uneven density and multiple hyperdens nodules were presented in 1 case. 5 cases of Hashimotos’ thyroiditis associated with multinodular goiters revealed asymmetrical thyroid enlargement and uneven density on plain and conrast enhanced CT images. In 3 cases the thyroid gland was normal in size and shape,except for the reduced ,uneven density. Of these 3 cases,1 showed the enlargement of left lobe with a calcified nodule. There were 8 cases of subacute thyroiditis,the thyroids were asymmetrical enlargement ,strongly decreased in density with obscure margin and slight to intermediate enhancement.Conclusion CT is a very important modality for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various thyroidities.

Primary Hepatic Carcinoma(PHC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world.Nowadays,its incidence and mortality have been still increasing.With regard to the early treatment for PHC,the combined therapy,primarily referred to operation,is considered optimal.For recent decades,with the quick development of ultrasonic therapeutics,High Intensity Focused Ultrasound(HIFU)techniques,which rose newly,has already become a kind of effective and noninvasive substitution therapy for PHC operation therapy as a kind of noninvasive tumor therapy.Now,this literature review aims to summarize the found re- search and clinical research of HIFU therapy for primary hepatic carcinoma.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hiccup ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration

Adult ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Ear Neoplasms ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans

Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Nucleotides ; therapeutic use ; Polyethylene Glycols

Altitude ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Mice ; Weight Loss

Adolescent ; Chronic Disease ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Syndrome

To clarify the effects of zinc on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured human retinal pigment epithelia (RPE) and the expression of caspase-3 in RPE cells. The effect of Zinc on the proliferation of RPE were examined with MTT method. TUNEL method was used to detect the apoptosis of RPE cells. Caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. A concentration of zinc higher than 0.001 microM could inhibit the proliferation of RPE. And the relationship between concentration of zinc higher than 10 microM and growth prohibition rate of RPE cells was dose-dependent. All concentrations of zinc including 0.001 microM enhanced the expression of caspase-3 of RPE. But only the concentration of zinc higher than 0.01 microM could induce apoptosis of RPE. It is concluded that zinc could enhance the expression of caspase-3 of RPE cells and induce apoptosis of RPE cells. Caution should be taken when using zinc supplements for the treatment of ARMD patients without deficiency of zinc.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*cytology ; Zinc/*pharmacology

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in preoperative TNM staging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by comparing with corresponding postoperative pathology.Materials and Methods Ninety-two cases of surgically resected lung cancer were included. Clinical and pathological staging were made and compared, and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the MSCT in diagnosing lymph node metastasis.Results MSCT made correct T staging in 83.7% of the cases with excellent agreement (Kappa=0.727,P<0.05). Accurate N staging was in 79.3% of the patients with acceptable agreement (Kappa=0.635,P<0.05). The TNM staging was 75.0% accurate with moderate agreement (Kappa=0.680,P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT in diagnosis of lymph node metastasis were 71.1%, 85.2%, 77.1%, 80.7% and 79.3%, respectively. CT accuracy in the diagnosis of groups 4, 5, 6, 10 lymph nodes metastasis was relatively low, in which group 4 had highest false positive, and group 10 had the highest false negative.Conclusion The TNM staging of NSCLC based on MSCT scan is valuable. It can be used as the main basis to evaluate the patient's ability to choose the best treatment plan and predict the prognosis.