Parkinson′s disease(PD),the second neurodegenerative disease in the world,is characterized by a combination of motor symptoms(rest tremor,bradykinesia,rigidity,postural instability,stooped posture and freezing of gait)and non-motor symp?toms(including psychiatric and cognitive disorders). The core neuropathological features of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the deposition of iron and cytoplasmic protein aggregates(Lewy bodies)inside neurons. Currently,clinical treatment for PD is symptomatic and there is no effective treatment to restore neuronal degeneration. In the PD therapy ,medication re?mains dominant. Anti-PD drugs are mainly based on the critical signal pathways or some specific targets which play a key role in the pathogenesis of PD to relieve the symptoms of PD. Research and development in novel drugs to prevent or treat PD have been a crucial subject,and some novel candidates are under development. In this paper,we summarize and analyze the anti-PD drugs,and make a brief discussion about its pharmacological targets.

Exhaled gaseous signal molecules such as nitric oxide(NO),carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrogen sulfide(H2S) can be measured with a non-invasive technique.The fraction of NO level in exhaled gaseous of patients with airway inflammatory illness(such as bronchial asthma) significantly increases.No in exhaled gaseous is one of the markers in the diagnosis of asthma,and it is also a marker of anti-inflammatory response for patients with asthma.The fraction of CO level in exhaled gaseous of patients with bronchial asthma is also si-gnificantly elevated.Both NO and CO in exhaled gaseous in other airway inflammatory illness,such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis are also evidently changed.Measuring exhaled gaseous signal molecules can provide important basis for the diagnosis and treatment of airway inflammatory illness.

China ; Cohort Studies ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Nutrition Surveys

Objective: To compare the difference of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) and modified Re-sponse Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after stereotactic body radio-therapy (SBRT). Methods:From Janurary 2014 to August 2015, thirty-five patients with HCC treated with SBRT were included in De-partment of Radiation Oncology and Integrative Oncology of Navy General Hospital of PLA, and SBRT efficacy was evaluated based on RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST criteria. Results:Under RECIST 1.1, one patient had complete response (CR), 20 had partial response (PR), and 11 achieved stable disease (SD) at three months. Three patients had progressive disease (PD). The overall best response rate (CR+PR) was 60%. In comparison, under mRECIST, 10 patients had CR, 16 had PR, and 6 achieved SD at three months. Three patients had PD. The overall best response rate was 74.28%. The statistical analysis showed that Kappa=0.402 (χ2=43.3, P<0. 001) was less than 0.75 but greater than 0.4, indicating that it had not reached the two diagnostic criteria of consistency degree of satisfaction. According to the mRECIST criteria, the objective remission group (CR+PR) was superior to the nonobjective remission group (SD+PD) in progression-free survival (P<0.001). Conclusion:For unresectable HCC, mRECIST may be more useful than RECIST 1.1 in evaluating HCC response to SBRT.

Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bleomycin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin ; administration & dosage ; Phytotherapy

Objective To determine the clinical value of EUS in combination with detection of CA19-9 and CA242 for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Methods General features of high-risk group were determed by EUS and the plasma levels of CA19-9 and CA242 measured by ELISA.Results The serum level of CA19-9 was abnormal in 9.80% (10/102) and that of CA242 in 12.75% (13/102) of the patients.They were both abnormal in 7 cases.Of the 7 cases, 3 were found to suffer from pancreatic cancer by EUS, 1 had the tumor that had been clinically confirmed, 1 had posterior peritoneal tumor and 2 were normal.Among 102 cases detected by EUS, 2 showed low echo in pan-creatic head, 2 semi-cyst, 3 pancreatic cancer and proved by pathology.Accurate diagnotic rate, sensi-tivity and specificity were 90.20% (92/102), 50% (4/8) and 93.62% (88/94), respectively, for serum CA19-9.For the serum CA242, the 3 parameters were 87.25% (89/102), 50% (4/8) and 90.43% (85/94), respectively.For combination of both methods, they were 98.04% (100/102), 100%(8/8) and 97.87%(92/94), respectively.Accurate diagnostic rate of the latter was significantly higher than that of the former 2(P＜0.05).Concision Combination of EUS with detection of serum CA19-9 and CA242 is of great vlaue for early screening of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To compare the efficacy of sequential therapy combined with probiotics,pure sequen-tial therapy and standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication.Methods Selected the clinical data of 240 patients admitted.The 240 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups.Group A received standard triple thera-py,group B received sequential therapy and Group C received sequential therapy in combination with probiotics. Then,we compared the eradication rate,the score of gastrointestinal tract symptoms before and after treatment,and the side effects among 3 groups.Results The eradication rate was 72.5% in groupA,87.5% in group B,and 96.3% in group C.The eradication rate of group C was significantly better than group A and group B (χ2 =18.531,P <0.001).There was no difference in the score of gastrointestinal tract symptoms before treatment(F =0.206,P >0.05),but they all significantly decreased after treatment among 3 groups(P <0.05),with group C a better result(F =25.581,P <0.05).The side effects of 3 groups were 16.3%,13.8%,3.8%,respectively.There were a significantly differencec between group C and the other 2 groups(χ2 =7.011,P =0.030).Conclusion Sequential therapy in combination with probiotics can achieve a higher eradication rate,improve the score of gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and decrease side effects.

At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis are unclear. RIG-Ⅰ-like receptors are a new-ly discovered pattern recognition receptors (RLRs), which are located in cytoplasm. They can recognize the helicase of viral dsRNAs, and interact with interferon beta promoter stimulator (IPS)-1 through their caspase activation recruitment domain (CARD), then form IPS-1 signalsome and induce the expression of interferon typeⅠ(Ⅰ-IFN), thereby initiate innate im-mune response and induce antiviral response. Recent studies have found that mice lacking IPS-1 would develop exacerbated disease and accompanied by markedly higher inflammation, increasing axonal damage and demyelination. Furthermore, initi-ating the RIG-Ⅰ-like helicase receptor on the immune cells can alleviate inflammation and myelin fracture in multiple scle-rosis of mouse model, thus limit the incidence of paralysis. This paper is a review about the research progress on RLRs in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Background Posterior capsular opacification (PCO)affects the pseudoaccommodation of 1CU accommodative intraocular lens (1CU AIOL).At present,few studies on the effect of PCO and Nd∶ YAG laser capsulotomy on intraocular shifting of 1CU AIOL are published.Objective The present study was to evaluate the effect of PCO and Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy on the shifting of 1CU AIOL.Methods A respective serial caseobservational study was designed.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to this study.Twentyfour eyes of 20 patients with PCO after phacoemulsification and implantation of 1CU AIOL were included in this study.Ocular examination was performed 3 months after IOL implantation,1 day before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and 3 months after Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy to evaluate the distance corrected near visual acuity(DCNVA).The difference in the anterior chamber depths before and after administering 1％ pilocarpine topical eye drops was measured with the IOLMaster to determine the intraocular shifts of the IOL.The extent of IOL shifting was compared among 3 time points to assess the factors influencing IOL accommodation after 1CU AIOL implantation.Results The shifting amplitude of 1CU AIOL was(0.44±0.21)mm 3 months after implantation of 1CU AIOL,(0.27±0.11)mm 1 day before Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy,and (0.34±0.10) mm 3 months after Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy,showing a significant difference among them(F=7.180,P=0.001).The shifting amplitude of 1CU AIOL significantly declined 1 day before Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy in comparison with 3 months after implantation of 1 CU AIOL(P =0.006).The shifting amplitude 3 months after Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy increased slightly in comparison with 1 day before Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy(P=0.059).DCNVA was(3.1±0.9)J 3 months after implantation of 1CU AIOL,(6.2±0.8) J 1 day before Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy and(3.4±0.7) J 3 months after Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy,with a significant difference among them (F =110.270,P =0.000).DCNVA was lower 1 day before Nd∶ YAG laser capsulotomy than 3 months after implantation of 1CU AIOL(P＜0.05).However,DCNVA was higher 3 months after Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy than that of 1 day before Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy (P＜0.05).There was no significant correlations between DCNVA and IOL movement 3 months after IOL implantation,1 day before Nd∶ YAG laser capsulotomy and 3 months after Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy (r1 =-0.150,P1 =0.486,r2 =-0.320,P2 =0.122,r3 =-0.100,P3 =0.633).Conclusions The shifting amplitude of 1CU AIOL markedly declines due to PCO.No clinically significant influence of Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy on the shifting amplitude of 1 CU AIOL is found.DCNVA can improve after Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy.Multiple inter-related factors concerning pseudophakic accommodation may influence DCNVA.

Abstract: Objective　To determine the rate of nasal carriage Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in Department of Infectious Diseases department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Hospital, and to perform characterization on isolated strains. Methods　A cross-sectional study was performed on 86 healthcare workers from February 2022 to June. Nasal swabs were collected from the healthcare workers, and S. aureus were identified after incubation. Antibiotic susceptibility, including chlorhexidine and mupirocin, was assessed by disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration method. The PCR technique was used to detect the biocide resistance genes (qacAB, smr, lmrS mepA, and sepA), virulence genes (pvl, fnbA/fnbB, sea, seb, sec, sed, tst, eta, etb) and mecA gene. SCCmec typing and multilocus sequence typing was performed. For mupirocin-resistant strains, PCR amplification and sequencing were used to identify whether the strains had ileS gene mutations or carried resistant genes (mupA and mupB). Results　S. aureus was isolated from 37 of the 86 healthcare workers (43.02%) , including 13 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The strains showed low resistance rates to levofloxacin (2.70%, 1/37), chloramphenicol (8.11%, 3/37), tetracycline (8.11%, 3/37), gentamicin (10.81%, 4/37), and ciprofloxacin (10.81%, 4/37). A total of 17 strains were identified as multidrug-resistant strains. Four SCCmec types were identified in MRSA strains, with the type II being the most frequent (53.85%, 7/13), followed by type IV (30.77%, 4/13). ST59 (46.15%, 6/13) was the most frequent among MRSA strains, while ST5 (41.67%, 10/24) was the most frequent among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains. sea was the most frequent virulence gene (56.76%, 21/37). sepA and mepA were detected in all 37 isolates. One Staphylococcus aureus strain was not sensitive to chlorhexidine, two strains had the missense mutation V588F (G1762T) and showed low level resistance to mupirocin, and one strain carrying mupA gene was highly resistant to mupirocin. Conclusion　The nasal colonization rate of Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare worker in the investigated hospital was high, indicating a risk for nosocomial infections. Strengthened monitoring and decolonization treatment should be carried out to reduce these risks.