Currently,China lacks enough public health physicians and the quality of them varies much.In order to solve this problem,proving the access to public health physician is necessary.On the basis of literature research,this essay summarizes the existing problems of the access to public health physicians:improper professional education in university,curriculum setting and provision about physician registration.The essay argues that it is a feasible way to improve the access of public health physicians in China by further piloting and perfecting the unified post-graduation standardized training system,implementing curriculum reform to enhance students' practical ability and building network physician registration.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(EETs)are the metabolic products of arachidonic acid(AA). They have the function of stimulating cell division, inhibiting platelet aggregation and regulating the transfer of cell calcium. In recent years, more and more people paid their attention to the effects of EETs on heart. This article will give a review about EETs and the relationship between EETs and heart.

Objective To investigate present situation of mental health of university teachers and the application effect of EAP modes. Methods 500 university teachers were selected as the research object and were managed with EAP modes.Before and after the use of EAP modes,mental health was investigated and analyzed. Results The score of SCL-90 factors after application of EAP modes was significantly better than prior to implementation. Conclusions The situation of mental health of university teachers is relatively poor,the implementation of the EAP modes can help to improve their mental health.

Objective To establish a quality standard of Hovenia dulics Thunb. Method The presence of quercetin was identified and assayed by TLC and HPLC, respectively. Result Linearity of marker was obtained over the range of 1.32 ～ 5.28 ?g (r =0.9999). The average recovery rate was 98.78% (RSD=1.08%). Conclusion TLC is specific. The method of quality is accurate, reappearance, simple, rapid, and suitable for the quality control of Hovenia dulcis Thunb.

Objective To investigate the role of TRAF6 in NF-?B and AP-1 signaling pathway in human B cell line.Methods Human Ramos B cells were transfected with plasmids expressing YFP fusion dominant-negative TRAF6(DN-TRAF6),or transfected with shRNA-TRAF6 plasmid.After incubation overnight,cells were either sorted with flowcytometry or screened by G418.Activation of NF-?B and AP-1 pathway,including phosphorylation of I?B?,ERK,JNK and P38,as well as nuclear translocation of NF-?B subunits(P65,P50 and c-Rel)and AP-1 subunits(C-FOS,C-JUN,CREB and ATF) were detected by Western blot and ELISA.Results In cells which overexpress DN-TRAF6 or endogenous TRAF6 expression were knocked-down by shRNA,the phosphorylation of I?B?,as well as phosphorylation of JNK were inhibited.Furthermore,nuclear translocation of NF-?B subunits P65,P50,c-Rel,and AP-1 subunits C-FOS and C-JUN were also inhibited in B cells through overexpression of DN-TRAF6.Conclusion TRAF6 selectively activates some kinases in CD40 mediated NF-?B and AP-1 signaling pathway,and plays an important role in their activation.

Objective To investigate the effects of CD40-P227A SNP at human B cell signaling and function. Methods Human Ramos B cells were transfected with plasmids of CFP fusion wild type CD40 and mutant type CD40-P227A, together with plasmids of luciferase fusion NF-κB and AP-1, as well as plasmids of GFP fusion NF-κB. Activation of NF-κB and AP-1 pathway were detected by luciferase assay and flow cytometry, degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits were tested by Western blot and transfactor ELISA assay. Results Compared with wild type CD40, CD40-P227A SNP induced more degradation of IκBα, increased nuclear translocation of p65, p50 and c-Rel. As well as higher activity of NF-κB, as shown by increased NF-κB luciferase and GFP-NF-κB expressing B cells. Moreover, CD40-P227A SNP induced more activation of AP-1 pathway than CD40. CD40-P227A enhanced B cells function by inducing more excretion of IL-6 and TNF-α. Conclusion Our data indicate that CD40-P227A is a gain-of-function phenotype which induces activation of NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the SLE autoimmune disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of polymyalgia rheumatica(PMR)and the difference between male and female patients. Methods The clinical features of 86 patients with PMR were retrospectively analyzed. Results The ratio of hip and shoulder girdle muscle pain in female patients is higher than that in male patients ( P < 0. 05 ) , whereas the ratio of hyperpyrexia, arthralgia, weight loss, the average level of CRP, as well as the percentage of elevated immunoglobulin and leukocyte count are all higher in male patients as compared with female patients (P <0. 05). Relapsing rate after treatment was higher in female patients than that inmale patients. Conclusion Systemic symptoms and inflammatory signs were more predominant in male patients. However, relapsing rate after treatment was higher in female patients.

Objective The cardiac synchronization therapy (CRT) was proven to have good treatment for the cardiac conduction disorders patients with serious heart failure. But many disadvantages were gradually be noticed, such as difficulty of sinus electrode implantation, coronary sinus injury and bleeding, still one third CRT cases remain unchanged cardiac function.Recently the epicardial lead CRT therapy by the cardiac surgeons appears promising to provide better clinic resynchronization.The aim of this research is to explore the clinical value of surgical epicardial lead CRT for the cardiomyopathy heart failure with micro-invasive thoracoscopy techniques. Methods During April 2007 to Sep 2009 eleven patients were diagnosed as advanced heart failure with cardiac dysynchronization proven by the ECG and tissue Doppler echo examination. The dysynchronization parameters of tissue Doppler echo includes left ventricle maximize delay time , the left dysynchronization index (Ts-SD), the inter-ventricle mechanical delay time (IVMD), left ventricle end-dilation diameters (LVEDD) and the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF). All the patients got the consent agreement before the surgery. In the hybrid operation room the right atrial and ventricle endocardial electrodes were placed firs guided by X ray under the general anesthesia and double lumnen incubation. Then the thoracoscope techniques were used to explore the left ventricle lateral wall. The right atrial and ventricle electrodes were connected into the three chamber pacemaker. The Tissue Doppler Echo TEE technique was used to check which part of the left ventricle lateral wall is suitable for the idea CRT therapy. Usually the latest activated part of the left ventricle wall is the goal place. Then the epicardial electrode was fixed with 4-0 prolene suture at the idea place. All the cases were performed by the same surgeons group in the same medical center. The resynchronization features were examined after surgery and during the follow up. Results The endocardial and epicardial electrodes were implanted successfully without any serious complication. All patients were weaned and discharged without any adverse cardiac episodes. There is no mortality during the follow up period. All the patients received the β-blokers, diuretics, ACEI/ARB and other traditional medicine for the heart failure.The Tissue Doppler showed the E peak wave separated form the A peak which means the good resynchronization between the atrium and the ventricle. After surgery during the follow up the left ventricle maximize delay time decreased from (393.4 ±40.2 ) ms to ( 102.1 ± 34.6) ms, the left dysynchronization index (Ts-SD) decreased from (145.2±29.3)ms to(51.0±21.4) ms, the inter-ventricle mechanical delay time (IVMD) decreased from (59.1 ±23.4) ms to (31.2 ± 11.5 ) ms, left ventricle end-dilation diameters increased from (73.1 ± 13.4) mm to (63.2 ± 6.7) mn and the left ventricle ejection fraction increased from 0.32 ±0.04 to 0.41 ±0.07. Conclusion The micro-invasive surgical synchronization therapy could get good CRT result for the cardiomyopathy heart failure patients. Some patients traditionally in the waiting list for the heart transplant could be considered for the CRT therapy candidates.

Objective To analyze the changes in the expression of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and 7 on the surface of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells following dengue virus type 2 (DEN2) infection.Methods DEN2 NGC strain was infected into BALB/c suckling mice through intracranial injection and injected into C6/36 cells to induce the in vivo and in vitro proliferation of DEN2, respectively.RT-PCR was performed to identify DEN2 RNA.Reed-Muench method was used to determine the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of DEN2.Dendritic cells (DCs) were prepared by stimulating bone marrow cells isolated form C57BL/6 mice with IL-4 and GM-CSF and then identified by flow cytometry.The prepared murine bone marrow-derived DCs were infected with DEN2 and observed with direct immunofluorescence assay.Dynamic changes in the expression of CD11c, CD86 and I-A/I-E molecules on DCs after DEN2 infection were detected by flow cytometry.Levels of DEN2 RNA and the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 at mRNA level were dynamically detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The TCID50 of DEN2 to C6/36 cells was 10-5.8.Murine bone marrow-derived DCs were acquired with a purity of 70% and could be infected with DEN2 in vitro.The percentages of CD86 and I-A/I-E molecules on the surface of DCs infected with 1×105 TCID50 of DEN2 were statistically different from those of the negative control group.Neither of the two groups showed a significant difference in the percentages of membrane molecules over time.However, the percentages of membrane molecules on DCs increased with increasing viral load.Compared with the negative control group, the levels of DEN2 RNA in infection groups were increased with increasing virus load, while the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 on DEN2 infected-DCs at mRNA level was decreased with increasing viral load.Conclusion DEN2 infection promotes the maturation of DCs.Expression of TLR4 and TLR7 on DEN2 infected-DCs at mRNA level decreases with increasing viral load, which suggests that TLR4 and TLR7 are closely related to viral infection and play a certain role in the pathogenesis of DEN infection.

AIM: To examine the effect of pretreatment with low-concentration of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid(EET) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: After tracheotomy, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was produced by occlusion and release of the left anterior descending artery(LAD) of the rats. Ischemic preconditioning(IP) was made by two times of ischemia (5 min)/reperfusion (5 min). The experiment was conducted in three groups: control,IP and pretreatment with 11,12-EET(6.24?10 -8 mol/L), and each group was subdivided into two subgroups:A,the rats were subjected to ischemia (10 min)/reperfusion (10 min) and arrhythmias during the whole periods were monitored; The rats in B were subjected to ischemia (60 min)/reperfusion (30 min) and arrhythmias, cardiac funtion and myocardial infarction size were documented. RESULTS: Both IP and pretreatment with 11,12-EET could protect the heart against arrhythmias, cardiac disfunction and myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with 11,12-EET had protective effect on myocardium in case of ischemia/reperfusion, which was similar to ischemic preconditioning.