BackgroundRetinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells can secrete platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PDGF receptor(PDGFR).Studies have shown that PDGF plays a key role in the formation of proliferative vitreous retinopathy(PVR). ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the proliferation and apoptosis changes of RPE after blockage of the PDGFR-α expression by antisense oligonucleotide ( ASODN ) in vitro. Methods Human RPE cells strain was cultured in low glucose DMEM with 10％ fetal bovine serum.Logarithmic phase cells were collected and incubated in 96-well plate at the density of 5 × 105 cells/hole.PDGFR-α ASODN was transfected into RPE cells at different concentrations for 48 hours.The cells of the blank control group were regularly cultured without any transfection.The changes of PDGFR-α expression were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and the proliferation of RPE was detected by MTT as the A490 value.Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining was used to determine the apoptosis of RPE.Flow cytometry method (FCM) was applied to detect the change of cell cycle and apoptosis rate of RPE cells. ResultsThe A490 values of RPE cells were 1.45±0.12,1.07±0.06,0.65±0.05 in blank control group,1.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group and 2.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group with the significant difference(P=0.00 ),and that of 1.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group and 2.0 μ mol/L Lipo-ASODN group were significantly lower than the blank control group ( P =0.00,0.00).Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the apoptosis cells were obviously more in Lipo-ASODN group compared with blank control group.PDGFR-α ASODN transfection induced an increase of percentage of RPE cells in G0/G1 phase( F =206.70,P =0.00),and the apoptosis rates in 1.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group and 2.0 μmol/L Lipo-ASODN group were significantly enhanced in comparison with blank control group ( 37.8 ± 1.3 vs 10.5 ± 0.1,61.2 ± 1.9 vs 10.5 ± 0.1 ) ( F =1808.90,P =0.00 ).Expression intensity of PDGFR-α mRNA in RPE cells in Lipo-ASODN groups was lower. ConclusionsBlocking the PDGFR-α expression with ASODN technology can suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of RPE cells.Intensity of PDGFR-α mRNA expression in RPE cells is ASODN dose-dependent.ASODN targeted to PDGFR-α offers an experimental basis of the gene therapy for PVR.

Objective We investigated the in vivo effects of recombinant adenovirus-associated virus type-2(AAV-2)mediated interleukin-10(IL-10)gene transfer on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,9,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1,collagen type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ in a rat acute myocardial infarction model.Method Male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into three groups(each n=6):sham operation group,MI/AAV2 group,and MI/AAV2-IL-10 group(1010 vg/ml×0.1 ml injection at peri-infarct regions immediately post MI).Five days later,the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured by RT-PCR, Western blot and zymography.The expression of TIMP-1 was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot.Collagen type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ were assessed bv RT-PCR and immunohistochemical stain.Results The myocardial expressions of MMP-2,MMP-9 and collagen contents in MI/AAV2 group were significantly increased than those in sham operation group.Myocardial expressions of MMP-2,MMP-9 were significantly decreased and the expression of TIMP-1 significantly increased in the MI/AAV2-IL-10 group than those in MI/AAV2 group. Moreover,the expressions of collagen type Ⅰ,collagen type Ⅲ and the ratio of Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen in border zones of infarcted myocardium were decreased by 47.6%(P＜0.01),23.6%(P＜0.05),and 17.9%(P＜0.05)respectively,while the expression of TIMP-1 increased by 73.1%(P＜0.05)in MI/AAV2-IL-10 group compared to MI/AAV2 group.Conclusion In vivo myocardial IL-10 transfer reduced myocardial MMP and collagen expression and increasing the TIMP expression.

OBJECTIVETo design and manufacture a reliable spine phantom used in the cross calibration and quality control of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

METHODSA hydroxyapatite quality control phantom was designed and made through three steps: solid water, bone phantom material and integration, then evaluated the phantom on four different types of DXA machines made by LUNAR company.

RESULTSAmong the four DXA densitometers, the Expert fan beam densitometer had the biggest accuracy errors of bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content(BMC) and area values while the other three one narrow fan beam (Prodigy) and two pencil beam densitometers-had small errors. Of the three indexes measured by all the machines, BMD error was the smallest (-15.4%-11.5%), with the Prodigy's BMD was most outstanding. BMD errors at the higher density ends were small, tend to be positive values while the errors at the lower ends were big, tend to be negative. In cross calibration, giving consideration to the differences between the both ends, it is better to use the regression equation to correct. The base line of precision error derived by scanning the phantom once a day for consecutive 25 days was better than that derived by scanning the phantom 25 times consecutively on the same day. As to precision error, the coefficient of variation (CV) of scanning-25 times-a day was the smallest (0.0043) while the CV of 12 adults measurements was the biggest (0.0078).

CONCLUSIONSThis phantom can be used in the quality control and cross-calibration of different types of DXA machines.

Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Density ; Calibration ; Durapatite ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Anatomic ; Spine

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method was established for the determination of eplerenone (EP) in human plasma. The plasma samples of EP were extracted with ethyl acetate and separated by HPLC on a reversed phase C18 column with a mobile phase of 10 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate water solution-methanol (30 : 70, v/v). EP was determined with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 2-4 000 ng x mL(-1) for EP. The lower limit of quantification was 2 ng x mL(-1). The method has been successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of the EP tablets. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of EP after oral administration of 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg were as follows, t1/2: (4.9 +/- 2.1), (4.7 +/- 1.5), (5.9 +/- 1.2) h; AUC(0-infinity): (4 402 +/- 1 735), (8 150 +/- 2 509), (13 783 +/- 4 102) microg x h x L(-1); and MRT: (6.2 +/- 2.1), (6.6 +/- 1.3), and (7.2 +/- 1.6) h. Parameters of EP after oral administration of multiple doses of 50 mg were as follows, t1/2: (6.1 +/- 1.7) h; AUC(ss): (10 071 +/- 4220) microg x h x L(-1); MRT: (8.1 +/- 2.3) h; and DF: (3.2 +/- 1.0).
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Humans ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Spironolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVESTo investigate incidence of perioperative cardiovascular events, to analyze related risk factors for the patients undergoing intraperitoneal surgery.

METHODSThe data of 1079 patients who underwent intraperitoneal surgery (exclude laparoscope surgery) from July 2007 to June 2008 was reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTSFor the patients undergoing intraperitoneal surgery, the incidence of major cardiovascular events was 3.99% (43/1079), all-cause mortality was 1.58% (17/1079). The independent risk factors of major cardiovascular events were age ≥ 60 years, history of coronary heart disease, cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/(min·1.73 m(2)), emergency surgery and duration of surgery > 2.82 h (OR = 2.68 to 5.19, P = 0.001 to 0.031).

CONCLUSIONSThe cardiac risk of intraperitoneal surgery is 3.99%. The risk of cardiac complications should be evaluated in elderly patients and those with ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and renal disease, more specifically, when emergent or long duration major surgeries are needed.

Abdomen ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

To establish a method for detecting microdialysis recovery of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and ferulic acid (FA) and investigating the influencing factors, providing the basis for further in vivo microdialysis experiments. The concentration of FA and TMP in dialysates were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography ( HPLC) and probe recovery were calculated respectively. The influence of the flow rates, medium concentration, temperature and in vivo probe stability on the recovery of FA and TMP were investigated by using concentration difference method (incremental method and decrement method). The recovery obtained by incremental method were similar to by decrement method. The in vitro recovery rate of FA and TMP decreased with the increase of 1-2.5 μL min(-1), and increased obviously with the temperature of 25-42 degrees C under the same conditions. The concentration of FA and TMP had no obvious effect on the probe recovery under the same flow rate. In addition, the recovery of TMP and FA remained stable and showed similar trends under the condition of four concentration cycles, indicating that the intra day reproducibility of the concentration difference method was good. The recovery of brain microdialysis probes in vivo 8 h maintained a relatively stable, but certain differences existed between different brain microdialysis probes, demonstrating that each probe was required for recovery correction in vivo experiment. Microdialysis sampling can be used for the local brain pharmacokinetic study of FA and TMP, and retrodialysis method can be used in probe recovery of FA and TMP in vivo.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Pyrazines ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats

Objective] To study the effect of different placed time for vacutainer and specimen on the results of emergency electrolyte detection . [ Methods] With heparin lithium anticoagulation tube and common coagulation vacuum tube , electrolytes were detected at 30 minutes,one hour and two hours af-ter extracting blood . [ Results] At 30 minutes and one hour after extracting blood ,the levels of K +and Na+of the plasma group were significantly lower than those of the serum group (P<0.05).With the ex-tension of specimen placed time , the levels of K +and Na +of the plasma group were becoming higher than those previously ,and at two hours the difference had statistical significance ( P<0 .05 ) .There was not ob-vious difference found in the levels of K +, Na +and Cl -of the serum group at different placed times ( P>0.05).But the levels of CO2 of both the plasma group and the serum group were significantly lower than those previously with the extension of specimen placed time , and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). [Conclusion] It is indicated that the using of different vacutainers effects electrolyte de-tection.With the extension of specimen placed time , the levels of K +and Na +of the plasma group increase gradually , and the levels of CO 2 of the plasma group and the serum group both decrease gradually .

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of Yangxue Qingnao granule (YXQNG) in treating chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (CCI) and its possible mechanism.

METHODSEighty-three patients with CCI were randomly divided into YXQNG and nimodipine (ND) groups, the score of vertigo and the change in cerebral blood velocity before and after treatment were observed. And in the animal experiment, the authors adopted bilateral ligation of cervical carotid communis artery to establish CCI rat models in order to observe the effect of YXQNG and ND on incubation period of vertigo in rats and on memory performance.

RESULTSAfter clinical treatment, the vertigo score of YXQNG group was 2.34, and that of the ND group was 4.18, the comparison between the two groups showed that the difference was significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the middle cerebral artery mean velocity (MCA Vm) of YXQNG group was 64.78 cm/s, vertebral artery mean velocity (VA Vm) was 29.78 cm/s, while that of ND group was 60.34 cm/s and 23.23 cm/s respectively, the comparison between these two groups showing statistical significance and the difference being obvious (P < 0.05). Experimental study showed that the rats in the model group after 12 weeks learning and memory were markedly lowered, the vertigo incubation period significantly lengthened, and compared with that of the model group, learning and memory of the YXQNG group was markedly improved and vertigo incubation period shortened, with the difference from that of the ND group insignificant, P > 0.05.

CONCLUSIONYXQNG could effectively improve CCI patients' vertigo and other clinical symptoms and increase the cerebral blood flow, lessen the vertigo incubation of model group rats, elevate model group rats' memory performance.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Blood Flow Velocity ; drug effects ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; drug effects ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; drug effects ; Male ; Memory ; drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Nimodipine ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasodilator Agents ; therapeutic use ; Vertigo ; etiology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of P-selectin (Ps), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in lung tissues of acute lung injury (ALI) rat model induced by oleic acid (OA) and to explore the protective effects of melatonin (MT) in lung tissues in rats.

METHODSAll rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, OA group, MT + OA group and SB203580 + OA group. Rat model of ALI was established by intravenous injection of oleic acid (OA). Lung coefficient was measured, lung tissues were imbedded by paraffin to observe morphological changes and the expression of Ps, ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB in lung tissues by means of immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the lung coefficient increased significantly in OA group (P < 0.05). Alveolar septum thickened significantly in OA group, there had many infiltrated inflammatory cells and collapsed alveoli of lung; positive expression of Ps, ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB were very obvious (P < 0.05); the administration of MT and SB203580 mitigated above changes significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMT possesses obviously protective effect on lung tissues during ALI, its protective mechanism might be related to the inhibition of the expression of Ps, ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Animals ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Oleic Acid ; adverse effects ; P-Selectin ; metabolism ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Bletilla striata has been used as traditional Chinese medicine for several centuries. In recent years, the quality and quantity of wild B. striata plants have declined sharply due to habitat deterioration and human over-exploitation. Therefore, it is of great urgency to evaluate and protect B. striata wild plant resource. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were applied to assess the level and pattern of genetic diversity in twelve populations of B. striata. The results showed a high level of genetic diversity (PPB = 90.48%, H = 0.349 4, I = 0.509 6) and moderate genetic differentiation among populations (G(st) = 0.260 9). Based on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA), twelve populations gathered in three clusters. The cluster 1 included four populations. There are Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Xuancheng and Hangzhou. The seven populations which come from Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province and Guizhou Province belonged to the cluster 2. The cluster 3 only contained Wenshan population. Moreover, Mantel test revealed significant positive correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances (r = 0.632 9; P < 0.000 1). According to the results, we proposed a series of conservation consideration for B. striata.
China ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Orchidaceae ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics