To summarize and introduce the available methods of establishing rabbit models of VX2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) , and to explore the improvements at each stage in the preparation of the rabbit models, in order to provide a favorable animal model for future experimental research.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical efficacy of double Endobutto reconstituting coracoclavicular ligament combined with repairing acromioclavicular ligament in stage I in treating acromioclavicular dislocation with Rockwood type III - V .

METHODSFrom January 2010 to September 2013, 56 patients with Rockwood type III - V acromioclavicular dislocation were treated by operation, including 20 males and 36 femlaes, aged from 32 to 52 years old with an average of 38.5 years old. Twenty-five patients were on the left side and 31 cases on the right side. The time from injury to operation was from 3 to 14 days, averaged 7 days. All patients were diagnosed as acromioclavicular dislocation with Rockwood type III - V, and double Endobutto were used to reconstituting coracoclavicular ligament, line metal anchors were applied for repairing acromioclavicular ligament. Postoperative complications were observed, Karlsson and Constant-Murley evaluation standard were used to evaluate clinical effects.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 8 to 24 months with average of 11 months. According to Karlsson evaluation standard at 6 months after operation,42 cases were grade A, 13 were grade B and 1 was grade C. Constant-Murley score were improved from (42.80±5.43) before operation to (91.75±4.27) at 6 months after operation. All items at 6 months after operation were better than that of preoperative items. Forty-eight patients got excellent results, 7 were moderate and only 1 with bad result. No shoulder joint adhesion, screw loosening or breakage were occurred during following up.

CONCLUSIONDouble Endobutto reconstituting coracoclavicular ligament combined with repairing acromioclavicular ligament in stage I for the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation with Rockwood type III - V could obtain early staisfied clinical effects, and benefit for early recovery of shoulder joint function.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Humans ; Ligaments, Articular ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Background Recently,small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure is used to correct myopia.The clinical safety and efficiency of SMILE have been approved,but its predictability to corneal ablation depth is brought into focus.Objective This study was to compare the predictability of ablation depth in central cornea between SMILE and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for myopia.Methods A nonrandomized controlled clinical study was performed.Two hundred and seventy eyes of 135 myopic patients who were going to receive corneal refractive surgery were included in Beijing Tongren Hospital from October 2015 to May 2016.SMILE and FS-LASIK were performed on 138 eyes of 69 patients and 132 eyes of 66 patients matched in demography respectively under the informed consent.Central corneal thickness was measured by RTVue FD-OCT before and 1 week after surgery.The refractive power,actual ablation depth (difference of central corneal thickness before and after surgery) and central corneal cutting error (difference between theoretically expected ablation depth and real ablation depth) were intergrouply compared,and the correlation of real ablation depth with theoretically expected ablation depth was assessed.Results No significant difference was found in spherical power,astigmatic power and spherical equivalent after surgery between SMILE group and FS-LASIK group (t =-1.826,-1.405,-1.420,all at P＞0.05).The actual ablation depth was (76.96± 15.27)μm in the SMILE group,which was significant lower than (96.76± 16.52) μm of theoretically expected ablation depth (t =-23.016,P ＜ 0.01);however,there was no significant difference in the FS-LASIK group between actual and expected ablation depth ([77.92 ± 18.69] μm versus [77.42± 15.60] μm) (t =-0.604,P =0.547).The central corneal cutting error was (20.55 ± 8.51) μm in the SMILE group and (7.17±5.97) μm in the FS-LASIK group,showing a significant difference between them (t=14.950,P＜0.01).The positive linear correlations were seen between actual and expected ablation depth in both SMILE group and FS-LASIK group (r=0.799,0.867,both at P＜0.01).The actual ablation depth was increased over expected ablation depth,with the regression equations of Y=3.892+0.749X in the SMILE group and Y=3.443 + 0.957X in the FS-LASIK group.Conclusions The actual corneal ablation depth is less than expected corneal ablation depth in SMILE procedure,while in FS-LASIK procedure,the actual corneal ablation depth appears to be consistent with the expected one,inferring a good predictability in corneal ablation depth in FS-LASIK surgery.

Objective To investigate effects of intrathecal methotrexate on mechanical allodynia in rats with tibial bone cancer pain.Methods Forty-eight female SD rats weighing 150-180 g were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n =8 each):group Ⅰ sham operation + artificial cerebrospinal fluid(SA group),group Ⅱ sham operation + methotrexate 200 μg(SM group),group Ⅲ bone cancer pain + artificial cerebrospinal fluid(CA group),group Ⅳ-Ⅵ bone cancer pain + different doses of methotrexate (CM1-3 groups).The model of tibial bone cancer pain was induced by injecting Walker-256 cell into the tibial marrow cavity.CA and CM1-3 groups were intrathecal injected artificial cerebrospinal fluid,methotrexate 50,100 and 200 μg.SA and SM200 groups were intrathecal injected artificial cerebrospinal fluid and methotrexate 200 μg.The mechanical withdrawl threshold (MWT) was measured at day 1 before Walker-256 injection (baseline),7 day after injection (T0 ) and 2,4,8,24 hour and 1,3,5,7 days after intrathecal injection ( T1-8 ).Results Compered with the baseline,MWT was decrease in CA and CM1-s groups.Competed with To,MWT was decreased at T5-8 in CA group,MWT was increased at T3-5 in CM1 group,at T2-6 in CM2 group and at T2-7 in CM3 groups.MWT was decrease in CA and CM1-3 groups as compered with SA group; MWT was increased at T4-7 in CM1 group and at T3-7 in CM2 and CM3 groups.Conclusion Intrathecal injection of methotrexate can reduce tibial bone cancer pain in rats.

Objective To investigate the role of chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) in the spinal cord in tibia bone cancer pain (BCP) in rats.Methods Forty adult female SD rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8 each):sham operation group (group Ⅰ ); sham operation + CCL21 neutralizing antibody group (groupⅡ); BCP group (group [); BCP + PBS group (group Ⅳ); BCP + control IgG group (groupⅤ)and BCP + CCL21 neutralizing antibody group (group Ⅵ).BCP was induced by inoculating Walker-256 mammary gland carcinoma cells into the rat tibia medullary cavity in groups Ⅲ-Ⅵ.PBS 15 μl,IgG 10 μg and CCL21 neutralizing antibody 10 μg were injected intrathecally (IT) at 14 days after intra-tibial injection of Walker-256 mammary gland cancer cells in groups Ⅳ- Ⅵ respectively.Mechanical withdrawal threshold to yon Frey filament stimulation (MWT) was measured at 1 day before (To,baseline) ; 7 and 14 d after Walker-256 cell injection (T1,T2)and at 0.5,1,2,4,8,12,24 and 48 h after intrathecal injection (T3-10 ).Results Intra-tibial injection of Walker-256 mammary gland cancer cells significantly decreased MWT as compared with the baseline values in administration of CCL21 neutralizing antibody at T5-8 as compared with MWT before intrathecal administration at T2 in group Ⅵ.MWT was significantly lower in groups Ⅲ- Ⅳ than in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.MWT was significantly higher at T5-8 in group Ⅵ than in groups Ⅲ - Ⅴ.Conclu]sion CCL21 in the spinal cord is involved in the maintenance of tibia BCP in rats.

Objective To make a Meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of Shenling Baizhu Powder (SBP) for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC),thus to provide evidence for the clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis.Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SBP combined with western medicine vs western medicine in treating ulcerative colitis were included.The quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane scale.A Meta-analysis was performed for the clinical efficacy,improvement of disease activity index (DAI) levels of the included trials.Results A total of 19 RCTs were included,involving 1498 cases.The results of Metaanalysis showed that compared with the western medicine group,the combined risk ratio(RR) of clinical efficacy in the SBP combined group was 1.55,95％ confidence interval (CI) being (1.39,1.72).The subgroup analysis based on control medicine showed that the combined RR of combined use of sulfasalazine or mesalazine/Olsalazine was 1.46,1.59 [95％CI (1.19,1.77) vs 95％CI (1.40,1.80)].The subgroup analysis based on different treatment courses showed that the combined RR of 1-30 days,31-60 days,61-90 days was 1.42,1.69,1.47 [95％CI (1.18,1.70) vs 95％CI (1.44,1.97) vs 95％CI (1.15,1.88)] respectively.The differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The differences of the two groups on the improvement of DAI and inflammatory factors levels of interlekin-17(IL-17),IL-23,tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP) were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).(3)The sensitivity analysis of the primary outcomes showed a higher homogeneity in the literatures and the funnel plot analysis showed no evidence of publication bias.Conclusion Compared with western medicine,SBP combined with western medicine has better clinical efficacy for the treatment of UC,and the combined use of mesalazine/Olsalazine medicated for 30-60 days is more effective on improving DAI and inflammatory factors levels.However,for the low quality of the included literatures and insufficient experimental design,the conclusion needs more evidence from large sample-size randomized double-blind controlled trials.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the migration of fluorescent dye PKH26-labeled BM-MSC in the Alzheimer's model rats.

METHODSNormal human bone marrow extracted for isolation of BM-MSC was cultured in vitro. The 5th passaged BM-MSC was labeled with PKH26, and observed under a fluorescence microscope for PKH26 labeling efficiency, and using flow cytometry BM-MSC surface markers was checked. The PKH26 labeled BM-MSC injected into the tail vein of the normal control group and AD animal model group, 14 days after finding the PKH26-labeled BM-MSC cells in the rat hippocampus using fluorescence microscopy. Using the Morris water maze experiment comparison of AD model and BM-MSC transplantation group of spatial learning and memory ability.

RESULTSTFlow cytometry showed BM-MSC surface markers CD73 and CD105 were positive. In vitro, PKH26-labeled rate of BM-MSC was 100 %. The Morris water maze experiment comparison of BM-MSC transplantation group and AD group of animals, BM-MSC transplantation group at 13, 14 days of spatial learning and memory ability than AD animal group had significantly improved. 14 days after BM-MSCs in rat hippocampus could be found which were PKH26-positive, consistent with DAPI staining. PKH26-positive cells in animal models of AD were significantly more than those in the normal control group.

CONCLUSIONBM-MSC in AD rats not only migrates through the blood-brain barrier, but also mainly survives in the hippocampus of AD rats, and it can improve AD rat model of learning disabilities.

Alzheimer Disease ; pathology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Organic Chemicals ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanisms of cordycepin,an effective component of cordyceps militaris, on renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and its related eIF2α/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

METHODFirstly, 15 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups,the control group (Group A), the model group (Group B) and the cordycepin-treated group (Group C). After renal interstitial fibrotic model was successfully established by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the mice in Group C were intraperitoneally administrated with cordycepin(5 mg x kg(-1) d(-1)) and the ones in Group A and B were administrated with physiological saline for 5 days. At the end of the study, the obstructed kidneys were collected and detected for the pathological changes of RIF, and the mRNA expressions of collagen type I (Col I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the kidney by Northern blot. Secondly, after renal tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells cultured in vitro were exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF) -β with or without cordycepin, the mRNA expressions of Col I and collagen type IV( Col IV) by Northern blot, and the protein expressions of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), phosphorylated eIF2α ( p-eIF2α), Smad2/3 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) were tested by Western blot.

RESULTIn vivo, cordycepin alleviated RIF in model mice, including improving fibrotic pathological characteristics and mRNA expressions of Col I and α-SMA. In vitro, cordycepin induced the high expression of p-elF2α, and inhibited the expressions of p-Smad2/3, Col I and Col IV induced by TGF-β in NRK-52E cells.

CONCLUSIONCordycepin attenuates RIF in vivo and in vitro, probably by inducing the phosphorylation of eIF2α, suppressing the expression of p-Smad2/3, a key signaling molecule in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and reducing the expressions of collagens and α-SMA in the kidney.

Actins ; analysis ; Animals ; Deoxyadenosines ; pharmacology ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Smad Proteins ; physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study on the reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) the rotational alignment reference bony landmarks of the proximal tibial component on magnetic resonance image (MRI) were measured.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to December 2013, 80 normal knees of Chinese volunteers including 35 males and 45 females with an average age of (35.4±6.1) years were reviewed. The images of the knees were obtained by MRI. The surgical epicondylar axis (STEA) was identified in the femoral transverse sections and then was projected to the side of tibia, forming the SETA'. A line connecting the medial border of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion (Akagi line) and its vertical line (AK), as well as a line connecting the medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion and its vertical line (AP), were identified in the tibial transverse sections. The angles were measured between the AK, AP and STEA'.

RESULTSThe angle between AK and STEA' was (0.59±2.07)°, and there was no significant difference between the two lines (t=-2.54, P=0.13). The mean angle between AP and STEA' was (3.21±2.04)°, and there was a significant difference between the two lines (t=14.05, P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the AK and AP (t=-11.68, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in TKA is good.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rotation ; Tibia ; surgery

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be propagated indefinitely, while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into all cell types in the body except for the extra-embryonic tissues. This iPSC technology not only represents a new way to use individual-specific stem cells for regenerative medicine but also constitutes a novel method to obtain large numbers of disease-specific cells for biomedical research. However, the low efficiency of reprogramming and genomic integration of oncogenes and viral vectors limit the potential application of iPSCs. Chemical-induced reprogramming offers a novel approach to generating iPSCs. In this study, a new combination of small-molecule compounds (SMs) (sodium butyrate, A-83-01, CHIR99021, Y-27632) under conditions of transient folate deprivation was used to generate iPSC. It was found that transient folate deprivation combined with SMs was sufficient to permit reprogramming from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in the presence of transcription factors, Oct4 and Klf4, within 25 days, replacing Sox2 and c-Myc, and accelerated the generation of mouse iPSCs. The resulting cell lines resembled mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with respect to proliferation rate, morphology, pluripotency-associated markers and gene expressions. Deprivation of folic acid, combined with treating MEFs with SMs, can improve the inducing efficiency of iPSCs and reduce their carcinogenicity and the use of exogenous reprogramming factors.