OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Actinidia chinensis Planch polysaccharide (ACPS) on the growth and apoptosis of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and to explore the effect of SGC-7901 cells on p-p38 expression.

METHODSThe inhibition rates at different concentrations of ACPS on SGC-7901 cells at 24, 48, and 72 h were detected using CCK-8 method. Apoptosis ratios in SGC-7901 were determined by flow cytometry after 48-h treatment of different concentrations of ACPS. The expression of pro-caspase-9, PARP, and p-p38 in SGC-7901 cells after treated by different concentrations of ACPS was detected using Western blot. The expression of pro-caspase-9, PARP, and p-p38 was detected after SGC-7901 cells were pre-treated by p38 specific inhibitor.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the optical density of SGC-7901 cells decreased after treated by 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL ACPS (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the longer the acting time, the lower the optic density (P < 0.01). IC50 was 7.43 mg/mL at 24 h; 3.88 mg/mL at 48 h, and 1.32 mg/mL at 72 h respectively. ACPS suppressed the protein expression of pro-caspase-9 (P < 0.01) and up-regulated the expression of PARP (89KD) (both P < 0.01). Further study showed that the protein expression of p-p38 was up-regulated in SGC-7901 cells treated by ACPS of different concentrations at 24 h (P < 0.05). The expression of phosphorylation p38 and the ACPS induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells could be inhibited after treated by specific inhibitor for 2 h.

CONCLUSIONSACPS could inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 cells and induce apoptosis. The underlying mechanism of inducing apoptosis was partially due to activating the p38MAPK path and further activating Caspase9 and PARP, finally leading to cell death.

Actinidia ; chemistry ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for continuous improvement of drug counseling and pharmaceutical care. METH-ODS:220 cases of drug counseling answered by inpatient general pharmacist were collected from our hospital during 2012-2013, and the contents of drug counseling were classified and analyzed. RESULTS:Among consultants,73.18% of them were physi-cians;the type of drug involved mainly were antibiotics,accounting for 42.73%;main contents of drug counseling included drug selection,usage and dosage,accounting for 47.27%. CONCLUSIONS:Pharmacists provide drug counseling for physicians and nurses,answer various questions about usage,and guide rational drug use so as to enhance the communication between pharma-cists and physicians,nurses,and promote rational drug use in the clinic.

This article was aimed to study the multicomponent in vivo releasing rules of Zuojin Gastric Floating Sus-tained-release Tablet. Stomach contents of rabbits were collected at different times and then prepared into solutions for the study. The HPLC was used to establish fingerprints of each time and fingerprints of completely dissolved samples. The in vivo releasing rates were calculated. The evaluation was made on releasing behaviors among index components as well as between index components and preparations. The results showed that within 10 h, the f2 of berberine and limonin, rutaecarpine, preparation were 52, 61.5, 66.4, respectively. The f2 of limonin and rutae-carpine, preparation were 70, 46.5, 53.7, respectively. It was concluded that within 10 h, the releasing behavior of berberine and limonin, rutaecarpine, preparation was similar. The releasing behavior of rutaecarpine and limonin, preparation was similar. However, the releasing behavior of limonin and preparation was different.

Objective To identify the genotype of the APP/tau/PS1 triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice,and investigate the pathological changes of tau protein in the pathogenic process.Methods Using specific primers of PS1,APP,tau gene,the genotypes of the triple transgenic AD mice were identified.Expression of tau protein in hippocampal tissue of mouse model aged 2,4,8 month was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of tau and its hyperphosphorylation in different sites in the hippocampal tissue and different month old mice was detected by Western blotting.Results PCR amplification fragment of 960 bp,530 bp and 400 bp of transgenic mouse genome were the expected size of APP,PS1,tau,respectively.Expression of tau in hippocampal CA3 region was increased obviously in the 8 month old mice.Compared with the normal wild-type mice,the expressions of tau and phosphorylation of pS262,pS404 and pS202 were increased significantly in hippocampus tissue of the transgenic mice (P＜0.01).Expression of tau were significantly higher in 8-and 12-monthsold mice than in 2 months-old mice (P ＜ 0.01).Phosphorylation level of pS404 and Ps202 was significantly increased since 2-months-old in transgenic mouse compared to the wild type mouse (P＜0.01),and in 8-monthold mice,there was also a significant increase as compared to that in 2 month-old mice (P＜0.01).As to the phosphorylation level of pSs262,the significant increase did not appear until 12 months old in transgenic mouse as compared to the wild type mouse (P＜0.01).Conclusions The triple transgenic mice can stably express the APP/tau/PS1 gene.The transgenic animals can be a useful model with the pathological features of tau of AD.The phosphorylation level of tau in different site increases in different time,which will provide useful research reference in Alzheimer's disease pathology and medication research.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the inhibitory effect of genistin combined with anastrozole on the growth and apoptosis of breast tumor tissue, and to study their anti-cancer mechanism by using the model of 7,12-dimethylbenz [alpha] anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors following ovariectomy in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

METHODSThe DMBA induced postmenopausal SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the genistein group, the anastrozole group, and the genistein combined with anastrozole group. The growth of tumors was observed in each group. The proliferation index and apoptosis index of tumor cells were determined. Moreover, estradiol (E2) and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA levels were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively.

RESULTSThe tumor growth was inhibited in the genistein group and the anastrozole group. The inhibitory ratio was significantly higher in the genistein combined with anastrozole group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, levels of E2 and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA decreased more significantly in the genistein combined with anastrozole group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGenistein could suppress the growth of mammary tumors in postmenopausal rats. It showed synergistic effect when combined with anastrozole, which resulted in reduced levels of E2 and 17beta-HSD1 mRNA. It had inhibitory effect on the growth of breast tumors.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Estradiol ; metabolism ; Female ; Genistein ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Nitriles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ovariectomy ; Postmenopause ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triazoles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) is one of the most effective compounds isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Up to now, several studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profiles of Sal A have been reported, however there is no such study reported in monkeys, the species which is more similar to human. The aim of this study is to develop a LC-MS method for the determination of Sal A in monkey plasma and apply it to the pharmacokinetic studies of monkeys. After single intravenous administration of Sal A, the plasma concentration-time curves were observed and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentration at 2 min (C2 (min)) values were (28.343 ± 6.426), (45.679 ± 12.301) and (113.293 ± 24.360) mg x L(-1) for Rhesus monkeys treated with Sal A at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg x kg(-1). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) values were (3.316 ± 0.871), (5.754 ± 2.150) and (13.761 ± 2.825) μg x L(-1) x h, respectively. Furthermore, this method was improved and applied to the simultaneous determination of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C, which provided useful information for preclinical studies and clinical trials of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactates ; pharmacokinetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

AIM To observe the changes of plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in patients with essential hypertension(EH) taking Compound Qishao Jiangya Tablets (Radixet Rhizoma Notoginseng, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, etc) and to investigate the significance of NPY in the pathogenesis of hypertension and the relationship between NPY and platelet disnormal function. METHODS The plasma NPY concentrations of 60 patients with EH and 20 normal ones were determined by radioimmunoassay, at the same time detected platelet aggregation rate and fibrinogen were detected. RESULTS The levels of plasma NPY in patients with EH were higher than that in normal control group. The NPY levels, the platelet aggregation rate, fibrinogen in the three periods of hypertension (period Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ) were all significantly different and were increased with the severity of hypertension. CONCLUSION NPY may participate in the pathophysiological course of hypertension, and the plasma NPY, the platelet aggregation rate of the patients with EH were correlative. The plasma NPY should be dynamscally monitored in order to determine the disease degree. During the treatment for EH attention should be taken to decrease the platelet aggregation rate.

Objective No uniform standards has been established for the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia .The article was to investigate the differentially expressed microRNA ( miRNA) profile and explore its clinical significance . Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened by FlashTag TM Biotin RNA chips and SAM software in serum of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls , then the validation was performed by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) . Results Three differentially expressed miRNAs were screened , including up-regulated hsa-miR-1281 ( fold change =1.50881) and two down-regulated miRNAs:hsa-miR-2861(fold change=0.642) and hsa-miR-638 (fold change=0.516).The com-parative analysis of RT-PCR by SPSS 17.0 Kruskal Wallis H Test validated the expression levels of hsa-miR-2861 and hsa-miR-638 in patients with schizophrenia decreased significantly in comparison to healthy controls (χ2 =4.089,χ2 =4.083, P<0.001).While the expression level of hsa-miR-1281 in patients with schizophrenia was in higher expression level compared with control group (χ2 =5.333, P<0.001). Conclusion There are differentially expressed miRNA profile in serum of patients with schizophrenia , in which miR-1281 , miR-2861 and miR-638 could be new serum markers for diagnosis of schizophrenia .

Background The neovascular form of the disease usually causes severe vision loss in a number of eye diseases.Special-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provides high-quality in retinal imaging and the possibility of the measurement in vivo.Objective This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of SD-OCT dynamically measuring choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods CNV was induced in 30 left eyes of 30 clean Brown Norway(BN)rats by retinal photocoagulation with the laser parameter as follows: wavelength 532 nm,exciting power 200 mW,spot diameter 100 μm and irradiating time 50 ms.Bubble or less retinal bleeding was thought as Brunch membrane breakage and CNV model establishment.Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) was performed to determine the establishment of CNV model and scored based on the fluorescein leakage on 3,7,14,21 days after photocoagulation.Meanwhile,CNV memberane thickness (CMT) was dynamically measured in vivo as the maxiume value from retinal inner limiting membrane through choroidal vessel layer in various time points.Histopathologic examination was used in the 14th day to evaluate and verify the result of SD-OCT.The right eyes were as controls.Results FFA examination showed that disc-like leakage of fluorescein appeared in 7 days and extended in 14 days after photocoagulation with the scores of 1.6±0.4,2.5±0.6 and 2.4±0.5 in 7,14 and 21 days,showing a significant difference among them(F=13.11,P＜0.01).The fluorescein leakage score was significantly higher in 14 and 21 days than that of 7 days(both P＜0.05).CMT measured by SD-OCT was(76.33±10.09),(102.03±14.21)and(98.03±13.76) μm in 7,14 and 21 days after photocoagulation respectively,with a significant difference among 3 time points (F=23.25,P＜0.01),and that in 14 and 21 days was significantly declined in comparison with 7 days(both P＜0.05).The results of SD-OCT showed a consistent tendency with that of FFA.Histopathological examination showed CNV formation in 14 days after photocoagulation.Conclusions Experimental CNV model was successfully induced by laser photography.SD-OCT technology allows excellent visualization of CNV in vivo.

Objective To investigate the development of ultrastructure in grafts from a xenograft model of human hemangioma on nude mice.Methods Human infantile hemangioma tissue was obtained in surgery and planted into subcutaneous layer of nude mice in small pieces.The grafts were harvested on the 2~(nd),5~(th),15~(th),30~(th),45~(th) day and then at 2~(nd),3~(rd),4~(th),6~(th) month for transmission electron microscopic view.Results In early stage after transplantation,signs of degeneration and necrosis were more evident.On the 30~(th) day,the number of endothelial cells increased and some of the endothelial cells were larger in size with high nuclear to plasm ratio.At the 2~(nd) month,the number of endothelial cells increased,while some of these cells turned flat.Later,high endothelial cells decreased in number and collapse and pyknosis of plasm,formation of secondary lysosome,margination of chromatin,fragmentation of nucleus were evident with surrounding deposition of adipose and collagen.Conclusions With xenotransplantation of human infantile hemangioma tissue onto nude mice,the grafts may survive ischemia and proliferate,and then gradually involute.The development resembles a natural course of human infantile hemangioma.