Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.Methods Forty-eight healthy adult male guinea pigs,aged 3 months,weighing 400-500 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (C group),isoflurane group (I group),noise-induced hearing loss group (N group),and isoflurane + noise-induced hearing loss group (I + N group).Isoflurane was inhaled for 140 min at a concentration of 1％ in I and I + N groups.N and I + N groups were exposed to the noise of 4 kHz center frequency and 118-122 dB sound pressure level for 120 min starting from 20 min after administration.Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded at 10,40,70,100 and 120 min of exposure to noise and cochlear blood flow (CoBF) was recorded before administration and at 10,40,70,100 and 120 min of exposure to noise.Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold was recorded before administration and at 1 h,72 h,and 10 days after the end of exposure to noise.Arterial blood samples were obtained and the plasma noradrenaline (NE) concentration was detected by HPLC before exposure to noise and immediately after the end of exposure to noise.Results Compared with group C,MAP and the change rate of CoBF were significantly decreased,and the plasma NE concentration was increased immediately after the end of exposure to noise in I group,and MAP was increased,the change rate of CoBF was decreased,and the plasma NE concentration immediately after the end of exposure,and ABR threshold after the end of exposure were increased in N and I + N groups.Compared with N group,MAP was significantly decreased,the change rate of CoBF was increased,the plasma NE concentration immediately after the end of exposure,and ABR threshold at 1 and 72 h after the end of exposure were increased,and no significant was found in ABR threshold at 10 days after the end of exposure in I + N group.Conclusion Isoflurane anesthesia exerts temporary but not permanent protective effects against noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs and partial inhibition of activation of sympathetic nerve and increased CoBF may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To optimize the preparation process for Fangji Huangqi Granules. Methods With the extraction rates of tetrandrine, fanchinoline, astragaloside Ⅳand solid as the parameters, the extract conditions of Fangji Huangqi Granules were optimized by orthogonal design . Then the anti-inflammation effect of the extracts was observed on the mice and rats. Results The optimal preparation process was as follows:the mixture of medical materials was firstly refluxed twice with total 10 times of 70 %alcohol,1.5 hours for each time, and then extracted twice with total 12 times of boiling water ,1.5 hours for each time. The anti-inflammation effect of the extracts was obvious on the mice and rats. Conclusion The optimal preparation process is reasonable and with high extraction rate of active components.

Background and purpose: The diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma sometimes is difficult, metastasis of lymph node is the major reason of local relapse and influence prognosis.This study explores the immunohistochemical expression and their diagnostic value of CK19,HBME-1,galectin3,p27 and cyclinD1 in thyroid papillary carcinoma and the relations between p27,cyclinD1 and lymph node metastasis of papillary carcinoma.Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was used on 50 specimens of benign lesions (40 speciments of nodular goiters and 10 cases of follicular adenomas) and 50 specimens of papillary carcinomas (40 specimens of classic variants and 10 specimens of follicular variants) operated in our hospital from January of 2005 to December of 2008. Results: CK19,HBME-1 and galectin3 were expressed in cytoplasm or on the membrane, but p27 and cyclinD1 were expressed on the nucleus. The expressions of CK19,HBME-1 and galectin3 in thyroid papillary carcinoma were middle to strong positive, the positive ratios were 100%,96% and 100%, respectively;their expressions in benign lesions were negative or low positive, the positive ratios were 10%,10% and 6%, respectively;there were statistical differences between them (P<0.01). The expression of p27 in thyroid papillary carcinoma was low positive or negative, the positive ratio was 14%, but the expression of p27 in benign lesions was middle to strong positive, the ratio was 84%, there was also significant difference between them(P<0.01). The expression of CyclinD1 were similar in benign and malignant lesions of thyroid, the positive ratios were 68% and 78%, respectively, there was no statistical difference between them(P>0.05). There were significant differences(P<0.01) between the benign lesions and the papillary carcinomas in terms of the combination of CK19,HBME-1 and galectin3 expression and there were no significant differences(P>0.05) in the group of the former with underexpression of p27 between the two groups. The differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05) between the underexpression of p27 with the expression of cyclinD1 (the positive ratios in metastasis group and no metastasis group are 72.7% and 71.4%) in the lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: The combined immunohistochemical stainings of CK19,HBME-1 and galectin3 are useful on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma, there is no predicted value of the underexpression of p27 with the expression of cyclinD1 for lymph node matastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma.

Since a cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor can reduce infarct size and improve contractility in ischemic myocardium, the aim of the present study was to explore whether COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide could protect myocardial function against oxidative stress injury in rat hearts, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The isolated rat hearts perfused by Langendorff method were exposed to 140 mumol/L of H2O2, and the cardiac contractility was measured. Then, the responses of coronary arteries, precontracted with U-46619, to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator serotonin (5-HT) and the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated. The results were as follows: (1) In hearts exposed to H2O2 for 20 min, the left ventricular developed pressure [LVDP, (54.8 +/- 4.0)%] and maximal rate of rise/fall of ventricular pressure [+/-dp/dt(max), (50.8 +/- 3.1)% and (46.2 +/- 2.9) %] were reduced compared with that in the control group (100%). After pretreatment with nimesulide (5 mumol/L) for 10 min before H2O2 perfusion, LVDP and +/-dp/dt(max) were enhanced to (79.9 +/- 2.8)%, (80.3 +/- 2.6)% and (81.4 +/- 2.6)%, respectively (P<0.01), and this was partially abolished by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME [(60.2 +/- 2.1)%, (63.9 +/- 2.4)% and (63.1 +/- 2.9)%, respectively, P<0.01]. (2) The vasodilatation induced by 5-HT and SNP in H2O2-treated group was significantly less than that in the control group. Pretreatment with nimesulide for 10 min antagonized the decrease of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in H2O2-treated group [(-22.2 +/- 4.2) % vs (-6.0 +/- 2.5) %, P<0.01], but had no effect on the decline of endothelium-independent vasodilatation [(-2.0 +/- 1.8)% vs (-7.0 +/- 3.5) %, P>0.05]. (3) Pretreatment with nimesulide for 10 min increased the NO production in H2O2-treated hearts [(2.63 +/- 0.40) vs (1.36 +/- 0.23) nmol/g protein, P<0.05], and this was inhibited by L-NAME. (4) Pretreatment with the selective COX-1 inhibitor piroxicam had no effect on LVDP and +/-dp/dt(max) in isolated hearts exposed to H2O2, but the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was much higher than that in the group treated with H2O2 alone. Piroxicam did not influence the coronary resistance in H2O2-treated rat hearts. These data suggest that the COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide improves myocardial function in rat hearts suffering from oxidative stress, and this may be through an improvement in endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation and an enhancement of NO production in rat heart.
Animals ; Coronary Vessels ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Heart ; drug effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; Myocardium ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Vasodilation ; Vasodilator Agents

Objective ToinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenmuscleRASoncogenehomolog (MRAS)genepolymorphismandyoungpatientswithischemicstroke.Methods Atotalof243young patients with ischemic stroke from Nanjing Stroke Registry Program from December 2009 to October 2012 were enrolled retrospectively. At the same time,512 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were selected. The polymorphisms of MRAS genes rs3755751 and rs9289559 loci were analyzed by the modified multiplex PCR-ligase detection reaction assay. The genotype of each locus and the allele frequencies were analyzed and compared. Results (1)The frequencies of AA,AG and GG genotypes for rs3755751 in the stroke group (n=243)were 7. 4%(n=18),37. 0%(n=90),and 55. 6%(n=135),respectively. There were no significant differences compared with those (6. 4%[n=18],36. 9%[n=189]and 56. 6%[n=190]) in the control group (n=512)(P>0. 05). The frequencies of AA,AG and GG genotypes for rs9289559 in stroke group were 7. 0 (n=17)%,42. 0%(n=102),and 51. 0%(n=124),respectively. There were no significant differences compared with 6. 1%,(n=31)37. 9%(n=194),and 56. 1%(n=287)in the control group (P>0. 05). (2)Further construction of an effect model (AA vs. AG+GG and GG vs. AG+AA),there was no significant difference between the stroke group and the control group (P >0. 05 ). Analyzing the effects of different genotypes on plasma lipid levels showed that the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of the GG genotype subgroup in the young ischemic stroke group was significantly higher than that rs3755751 of the AG +AA genotype subgroup (OR,6. 80,95%CI 2.18-21.27, P=0. 001 ). Conclusions MRAS gene polymorphism may have no significant correlation with the genetic susceptibility in young patients with ischemic stroke. Polymorphism of rs3755751 may be correlated with the level of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Objective To prepare vinorelbine bitartrate long-circulation liposomes by pH gradient loading methods and make characterization. Methods The impact of hydration temperature and extrusion times on the blank liposome particle size was investigated;and the incubation temperature and in duration on size and encapsulation percentage of drug loading liposome particle was tested. The vinorelbine bitartrate long-circulation liposome was characterized for particle size,polydispersion index, Zeta potential,morphology,and was studied for long term stability. Results The particle size,Zeta potential,polydispersion in-dex of long-circulation liposomes were (96. 4±27. 2) nm,(0. 162±0. 042),(-26. 7±3. 5) mV,respectively. The liposomes were small,unilamellar and spherical with smooth surface under transmission electron microscopy. Long term stability studies showed that the liposomes were stable for up to 3 months after storage at 5 ℃ . Conclusion The preparation technology for the vinorel-bine bitartrate long-circulation liposome by pH gradient loading methods is feasible.

Several kinds of column chromatography method were used to investigate the chemical constituents of the leaves of Lophatherum gracile. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified based on their physicochemical properties and spectral data. A new flavone C-glycoside was isolated and its structure was identified as 3'-methoxyl-luteolin 6-C-beta-D-galactopyranosiduronic acid (1 --> 2) -alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (1).
Antiviral Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Flavones ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Hydrolysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Poaceae ; chemistry

Objective To elucidate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients and provide the evidence for treatment of these patients. Methods Clinical data of 358 inpatients with CKD from stage 1 to stage 5 were analyzed retrospectively. Level of 25 (OH)D3 in these inpatients, as well as the levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), hemoglobin (Hb), serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), alhumin (Alb), serum calcium (Ca) and blood serum (P) were examined. Correlation between 25 (OH)D3 and parameters was analyzed. Results The mean level of 25 (OH)D3 in these CKD patients was (18.58±11.7) μg/L, which was significantly lower than that of normal reference (P<0.01). The 25(OH )D3 levels of CKD patients from stage 1 to stage 5 were (25.84±9.71) μg/L, (20.76±6.99) μg/L, (20.40±17.02) μg/L, (19.49±11.29) μg/L, and (14.16±7.98) μg/L respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D defieiency was 39.66%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 5.00%, 17.50%, 37.21%, 42.37% and 57.14%. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 44.97%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 72,50%, 47.50%, 45.35%, 33.90% and 40.60%. The prevalence of decreased vitamin D level was 84.63%, and from CKD stage 1 to stage 5 was 77.50%, 65.00%, 82.56%, 76.27% and 97.74%. Single factor correlation analysis showed 25 (OH)D3 was correlated with Hb, Alb, Scr, eGRF and iPTH. Regression analysis indicated that 25 (OH)D3 was negatively correlated with iPTH and Scr, and positively correlated with Alb. According to K/DOQI, percentage of CKD patients from stage 3 to stage 5 who were consistent with vitamin D treatment was 87.20%, 83.05% and 26.31% based on 25 (OH)3 and iPTH levels, but such percentage was 16.28%, 35.59% and 26.31% based on iPTH level only. Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in patients with CKD is quite high. Alia, iPTH and Scr are key factors influencing vitamin D level. Vitamin D level should be measured among CKD patients in order to carry out corresponding treatment.

Bacteremia ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Listeria monocytogenes ; isolation & purification ; Male

Objective To explore the nursing problems and application value of intrauterine instruments positioning in assistance of tubal interventional treatment. Methods Uterine probe or expanding-uterus stick was used in 66 cases who had abortde with routine methods for rectifying the position of uterus or adhesion re-lease, then the selected catheter was inserted to the targeted fallopian tube for interventional aim. Nurses paid at-tention to the nursing cooperation and summarized the nursing points during the whole processes. Results With this technique, the achievement ratio of selected insertion to fallopian tube was 100% and that of recanaliza-tion was 92.68%. The major adverse effects were hypogastralgia and little vaginal bleeding. Pneumogastric nervereactions were found in 3.03% cases. Conchusions The assistant-immanent could elevate the achievement ra-tio of selected insertion to the targeted fallopian tubes, but the nursing problems shouldn't be neglected.